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Abnormal distributions of callosal commissural and corticothalamic neurons in the cerebral neocortex of Shaking Rat Kawasaki.

Shaking Rat Kawasaki (SRK) is an autosomal recessive mutant rat recognized by unstable gait and tremor and by early death around the time of weaning. We previously reported that corticospinal tract neurons are malpositioned in the motor cortex of the SRK rat [Ikeda and Terashima (1997) J. Comp. Neurol. 383, 370-380]. In the present study, we examined the distribution pattern of callosal commissural (CC) and corticothalamic (CT) neurons of SRK and normal rats with the injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the contralateral hemisphere or wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated HRP into the ven

Growth-associated protein-43 is required for commissural axon guidance in the developing vertebrate nervous system.

Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is a major growth cone protein whose phosphorylation by PKC in response to extracellular guidance cues can regulate F-actin behavior. Here we show that 100% of homozygote GAP-43 (-/-) mice failed to form the anterior commissure (AC), hippocampal commissure (HC), and corpus callosum (CC) in vivo. Instead, although midline fusion was normal, selective fasciculation between commissural axons was inhibited, and TAG-1-labeled axons tangled bilaterally into Probst's bundles. Moreover, their growth cones had significantly smaller lamellas and reduced levels of F-…

Differences in white matter detected by ex vivo 9.4 T MRI are associated with axonal changes in the R6/1 model of Huntington's disease.

White matter volume loss has been reported as one of the first indicators in Huntington's disease (HD) patients, but the cellular basis of this deficit remains to be elucidated. To address this, we assessed white matter microstructure in the transgenic R6/1 mouse model of HD with ex vivo MRI. Specifically, a tractometry approach was employed to inspect region-specific differences across the corpus callosum (CC), while voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to identify brain-wise white matter macro- and microstructure abnormalities. Alterations in the …

Физические упражнения низкой интенсивности связаны с улучшением мелиорации и сокращением микрогранной активации в модели обезвоживания Cuprizone.

Уничтожение таких болезней, как множественный склероз, приводит к повреждению милиновой оболочки, что приводит к неврологическим проблемам. Хотя точные причины НР неясны, известно, что подстрекательские процессы и плохое воспоминание способствуют прогрессированию заболеваний. Упражнения показали, что они являются ненаркотической терапией для MS, и, согласно сообщениям, выгоды для мобильности, настроения и потенциальной нейрозащиты. Однако не в полной мере понимаются конкретные способы воздействия физических упражнений на воспоминание и нейронное воспаление в условиях демиелина. В рамках этого

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis cause damage to the myelin sheath, leading to neurological problems. While the exact causes o … e expression of myelin basic protein in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus and the corpus callosum, suggesting enhanced remyelination in these regions. Additionally, cuprizone-induced demyelination led to morphological changes in microglia, activating them in the hippocampus. However, low-intensity physical exercise significantly reduced microgli …

Epg5 links proteotoxic stress due to defective autophagic clearance and epileptogenesis in Drosophila and Vici syndrome patients.

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition that arises from dysfunctional neuronal circuit control due to either acquired or innate disorders. Autophagy is an essential neuronal housekeeping mechanism, which causes severe proteotoxic stress when impaired. Autophagy impairment has been associated to epileptogenesis through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Vici Syndrome (VS) is the paradigmatic congenital autophagy disorder in humans due to recessive variants in the ectopic P-granules autophagy tethering factor 5 (EPG5) gene that is crucial for autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic cle

Single-Institution Comparative Study of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy and Open Corpus Callosotomy.

OBJECTIVE: Open corpus callosotomy (CC) poses a higher risk of perioperative morbidity than does magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) for treatment of drop and generalized seizures without documented superiority. We present a single-institution comparison between open and MRgLITT CC. METHODS: A 2-year retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent open and MRgLITT CC (January 2019-January 2021). Demographics, surgical outcome data, hospital costs, and interhemispheric connectivity with diffusion tensor imaging were compared. RESULTS: The averag

Anterior Callosal Angle: A New Marker of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) still remains a clinical challenge. The callosal angle (CA) is a widely used neuroradiologic marker for iNPH. However, the relationship of the CA to clinical features has not been well investigated. We hypothesize that iNPH symptoms might better correlate with a variant of the CA (anterior callosal angle [ACA]). We aim to establish the validity of the ACA measurement for the diagnosis of iNPH and compare it with current radiologic parameters. METHODS: The multidisciplinary BOLOGNA PRO-HYDRO Study Group performed a retrospec

AARS2-related ovarioleukodystrophy: Clinical and neuroimaging features of three new cases.

INTRODUCTION: Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), previously known as hereditary diffuse leukoe … rts while the third patient showed focal white matter (WM) lesions in the centrum semiovale and the corpus callosum in the absence of extensive involvement and rarefaction of the WM. MRI spectroscopy showed the presence of increased lactate in 2 patients, thus linking AARS2-related leukoencephalopathy with other mitochondrial leukoencephalopathies with high level …

Retractorless surgery for third ventricle tumor resection through the transcallosal approach.

OBJECTIVE: Resection of tumors of the third ventricle through the transcallosal-interforniceal approach presents a surgical challenge with p … f-retaining retractor or constant retraction was not allowed. At the end of surgery, the opening of corpus callosum was sealed with fibrin glues. The degrees of tumor resection and postoperative neurological function deficits as well as complications were analyzed. The effect of retractorless surgery was evaluated according to the brain edema around the surgical …

Lesion topographies in multiple sclerosis diagnosis: A reappraisal.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the contributions of cortico-juxtacortical and corpus callosum lesions to multiple sclerosis diagnosis and to compare the value of ≥1 vs ≥3 periventricular lesions in clinically isolated syndromes (CIS). METHODS: Step 1: We evaluated lesion topography classifications in 657 patients with CIS with stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression models considering second attack as the outcome. Step 2: We established 2 dissemination in space (DIS) versions according to the periventricular lesion cutoffs of ≥1 and ≥3 and assessed their performance at 10 years with second attack…

Corpus callosal atrophy in premanifest and early Huntington's disease.

BACKGROUND: Volumetric MRI studies have highlighted the pronounced loss of white matter in premanifest and early Huntington's Disease (HD). The current study focussed on the corpus callosum (CC) since it provides interhemispheric connections to vulnerable cortical areas. OBJECTIVES: To investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal group differences in CC volume and hypothesis-driven associations with three cognitive tasks. METHODS: Baseline and 24-month 3T MRI were analysed from 106 premanifest (PreHD), (59 preHD-A ≥10.8 and 47 preHD-B <10.8 years from predicted onset), 84 early HD (53 Stage …

A hereditary spastic paraplegia mouse model supports a role of ZFYVE26/SPASTIZIN for the endolysosomal system.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the legs because of the degeneration of cortical motoneuron axons. SPG15 is a recessively inherited HSP variant caused by mutations in the ZFYVE26 gene and is additionally characterized by cerebellar ataxia, mental decline, and progressive thinning of the corpus callosum. ZFYVE26 encodes the FYVE domain-containing protein ZFYVE26/SPASTIZIN, which has been suggested to be associated with the newly discovered adaptor protein 5 (AP5) complex. We show that Zfyve26 is broadly expressed in neurons, asso…

The social brain in psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Psychiatric and neurological disorders have historically provided key insights into the structure-function relationships that subserve human social cognition and behavior, informing the concept of the 'social brain'. In this review, we take stock of the current status of this concept, retaining a focus on disorders that impact social behavior. We discuss how the social brain, social cognition, and social behavior are interdependent, and emphasize the important role of development and compensation. We suggest that the social brain, and its dysfunction and recovery, must be understood not in ter

Alterations in white matter evident before the onset of psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Psychotic disorders are associated with widespread reductions in white matter (WM) integrity. However, the stage at which these abnormalities first appear and whether they are correlates of psychotic illness, as opposed to an increased vulnerability to psychosis, is unclear. We addressed these issues by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study subjects at ultra high risk (UHR) of psychosis before and after the onset of illness. METHODS: Thirty-two individuals at UHR for psychosis, 32 controls, and 15 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were studied using DTI. The UHR su

Surgical approaches to hypothalamic hamartomas.

OBJECT: Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are devastating lesions causing refractory epilepsy, rage attacks, social ineptitude, and precocious puberty. Microsurgical and/or endoscopic resection offers an excellent risk/benefit profile for cure or improvement of epilepsy. METHODS: The authors reviewed a prospective database maintained during the first 7 years of the Barrow Hypothalamic Hamartoma program. They describe and illustrate their surgical methods, and they review data from several previous publications regarding surgical outcome. RESULTS: To date, the authors have performed surgery in 16