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Sleep, sleepiness, sleep disorders and alcohol use and abuse.

The study of ethanol's effects on sleep has a long history dating back to the work of Nathaniel Kleitman. This paper reviews the extensive literature describing ethanol's effects on the sleep of healthy normals and alcoholics and the newer literature that describes its interactive effects on daytime sleepiness, physiological functions during sleep, and sleep disorders. Ethanol initially improves sleep in non-alcoholics at both low and high doses with disturbance in the second half of the night sleep at high doses. Tolerance develops to the initial beneficial effects. In alcoholics sleep is dis

Microangiopathy of ethylic polyneuropathy.

The authors have studied, by biopsy of the tip of the big toe, the histologic changes in microvessels of patients affected by ethylic polyneuropathy. Patients affected by diabetes, hypertension, peripheral arterial or venous diseases, or dermatologic diseases or vasculitides were excluded. The mean of daily drinks was 310 +/- 105 g of alcohol, chiefly wine. Important pathologic modifications were noted; complete narrowing of the arteriovenous anastomosis, regressive changes of the Vater-Pacini corpuscles, and dilatation of the small veins and the capillaries. The findings were compared with th

Alcohol intake and the risk of coronary heart disease mortality in persons with older-onset diabetes mellitus.

CONTEXT: Despite nutrition information and guidelines that advise against depriving diabetic patients of the potential benefit of moderate alcohol intake against cardiovascular events, the association between alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic individuals has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between alcohol intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in persons with older-onset diabetes. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study conducted from 1984 through 1996, with a follow-up of up to 12.3 years. SETTING AND PARTI

Alcohol-related brain damage: an umbrella (term) for the approaching post-COVID monsoon.

Individuals with alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) represent a population whose healthcare needs often go unmet. This is the result of a lack of not only an awareness surrounding the condition by healthcare professionals, but also healthcare service inclusion and delivery, more broadly. The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated lockdowns dramatically affected the accessibility and availability of addiction services globally, while also driving changes in alcohol consumption among the most vulnerable. In the absence of change, this culmination of increased high-risk drinking

Diagnosis of alcohol use disorder from a psychological point of view.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most common psychiatric disease in the general population, characterized by having a pattern of excessive drinking despite the negative effects of alcohol on the individual’s work, medical, legal, educational, and/or social life. Currently, the bio-psycho-social model describes properly AUD as a multidimensional phenomenon including biological, psychological, and socio-cultural variables affecting the nature, maintenance, and expression of the disorder. The AUD diagnostic process is crucial since the treatment success depends heavily on the accuracy and

Improving Recognition of Children Affected by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Detection of Exposure in Pediatric Care.

Early identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) is important for providing services and preventing secondary disabilities. Recent studies indicate that many FASDs are undiagnosed, partly because there is a need to improve detection of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The aims of this review are to characterize existing practices for assessing PAE in pediatric care, identify the most efficient, promising methods of detecting PAE, and recognize the knowledge and practice gaps. This review indicates that maternal self-reports remain the most common method utilized in routine clin

Perceived consequences associated with the use of beer, wine, distilled spirits, and wine coolers.

Based on a national probability sample of 2,401 Americans aged 21 and over (1,069 of whom were deemed "drinkers" on the basis of having drunk at least one alcoholic beverage in the past 7 days), this study examines which of six specific problems people associate with the use of beer, distilled spirits, wine, and wine coolers. It was found that people are most likely to associate alcoholism, birth defects, drunk driving, and fighting and rowdy behavior equally with these four types of alcohol. But when beverage associations are made, distilled spirits and beer are blamed most frequently for the

Children of alcoholic parents: health, growth, mental development and psychopathology until school age. Results from a prospective longitudinal study of children from the general population.

Of 640 women who paid their first visit to the two maternal welfare centres in a new Stockholm suburb during one prospective year, 532 (85%) were interviewed with regard to 41 stress factors forming a "life stress score" (LSS). The interviews were supplemented with data from hospital, social welfare and police records concerning the expectant mother and the father. The 532 mothers were divided into three groups according to the degree of psychosocial stress (group 1 (n = 194) without psychosocial stress; group 2 (n = 171) with severe psychosocial stress; and group 3 (n = 167) in an intermediat

Cytokeratin inclusions in alcoholic liver disease and their relation to the amount of alcohol intake.

In the present study, the frequency and the distribution pattern of immunoreactive hepatocytic cytokeratin (CK) inclusions was investigated using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) CAM 5.2 detecting CKs 8, 18 and 19. The CK antigenicity of the inclusions was confirmed on frozen sections with MAbs for the CKs 7, 8, 17, 18 and 19. The frequency of hepatocytic CK aggregates was compared to the presence of non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as well as to the average all-year daily ethanol intake of 195 consecutive males subjected to medico-legal autopsy. Hepatocytic CK inclusions were infr

Analysis of Correlation between Nutritional Behavior, Lifestyle and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety among Students.

BACKGROUND: Students making the transition from high school to university find it difficult to maintain good eating routines/lifestyles and mental health, due to time constraints and stress. The goal of the study was to analyse the correlation between previously mentioned topics. METHODS: We included 948 students, aged 18-27, at the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Serbia and the research was conducted in 2020. Chi-square was used for statistical analysis. Modified WHO questionnaire for lifestyle and eating habits was used, as well as standardized questionnaires for anxiety and depression. RES

[Two cases of acute alcoholic myopathy associated with rhabdomyolysis].

We reported two cases of acute alcoholic myopathy associated with rhabdomyolysis. The first case was 62 year-old man, who had been drinking every day for 40 years. Following diarrhea, he had psychic symptoms, and was admitted to our hospital. He was in a state of delirium. Tremor in extremities, dysarthria and weakness of lower extremities were observed. Neither swelling nor grasping pain were seen in any muscles. Laboratory data showed severe hypokalemia and high levels of serum muscle enzymes and myoglobin. An increase of lactate and pyruvate was not seen in ischemic exercise test performed

Alcohol use, intentions to reduce consumption, and perceived motivations and barriers among cancer survivors.

PurposeTo characterize alcohol use patterns, awareness of alcohol's oncologic risks, and efforts and intentions to reduce consumption among cancer survivors in New Hampshire and Vermont.MethodsCross-sectional survey of 471 cancer survivors aged ≥21 years enrolled in two state-wide, online panels. Participants reported their current or former alcohol use, completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification (AUDIT), and replied to a series of items regarding any efforts to reduce consumption and related motivations and barriers.ResultsAmong 471 survivors, 34.2% of which had an alcohol-related can

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Three of those items related to alcohol ( drinking beer, drinking wine , or drinking liquor/spirits ). … Factors associated with alcohol drinking behavior of cancer survivors: the Korean National health and nutrition examination survey . Drug Alcohol Depend. ( 2017 ) 171 : 9 – 15 . doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.024 28012430 26. Kunicki ZJ Schick MR Spillane NS Harlow LL . …

Psychotic Decompensation During Nalmefene Treatment in a Patient With Schizoaffective Disorder: A Case Report.

Objective: Nalmefene is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist/antagonist which is currently prescribed to reduce heavy drinking days. Adverse events (AEs) have previously been described in trials, but these trials excluded patients with psychiatric comorbidities. This is important as psychiatric disorders are frequently associated with alcohol use disorders; therefore, the specific AEs in this population should be investigated. Methods: Here, we describe the case of a patient with diagnosed alcohol use disorder and schizoaffective disorder who received treatment with nalmefene. Results: The patient

The effect of smoking and drinking in oral and pharyngeal cancers: a case-control study in Uruguay.

In the time period 1988-2000, a case-control study on oral and pharyngeal cancers was conducted among men in Montevideo, Uruguay. The study included 776 cases and 1501 controls. The cases were distributed by site in oral cancers (335 patients) and pharyngeal cancers (441 patients). Odds ratios for smoking were higher among participants with pharyngeal cancers compared with those with oral carcinomas, but there was no significant heterogeneity. On the contrary, alcohol drinking displayed statistically higher risks among those with pharyngeal carcinomas compared with patients with oral cancer (P…

[Surgical treatment of patients with chronic calculous pancreatitis].

The article discusses experience in the examination of 109 patients with chronic calculous pancreatitis (CCP), 102 of them were treated by operation (a total of 130 operations were carried out). Calculous cholecystitis was a consequence of alcohol intake in 102 cases, and was due to other causes in 7 cases. In 71% of cases CCP was attended by the development of indirect signs of pancreatic hypertension and in 45.1% by pancreatic cysts. Operations for internal (h = 49) and external-internal (n = 27) drainage were most pathogenetically justified. The mortality after these operations was 2%. The

Alcohol and tobacco use among sexual and gender minority cancer survivors in relation to urbanicity/rurality.

PURPOSE: Understanding how place of residence affects cancer-related health risks is paramount to addressing health disparities in sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer survivors. This study examined the associations between urbanicity and other social drivers of health on current tobacco and alcohol use in SGM cancer survivors. METHODS: The OUT: National Cancer Survey Study was a cross-sectional, online survey created by the National LGBT Cancer Network (NLCN) from September 2020 to March 2021, targeting U.S. adults identifying as SGM and previously diagnosed with cancer. We examined assoc

2,3-butanediol: an unusual metabolite in the serum of severely alcoholic men during acute intoxication.

In a controlled experiment 15 (79%) of 19 severely alcoholic men but only 1 of 22 controls had a serum concentration of greater than or equal to 5 mumol/l 2,3-butanediol after ingestion of distilled spirits. Another diol, 1,2-propanediol, was found in a concentration of greater than or equal to 5 mumol/l in all patients' specimens after drinking; but it was also present in lower concentrations in the reference specimens of most of the patients. These data are consistent with the experimental evidence that ethanol can be metabolised in rats to produce 2,3-butanediol and with the epidemiological

Cerebral atrophy and functional deficits in alcoholics without clinically apparent liver disease.

Ninety-seven chronic alcoholics, both impaired and unimpaired, without clinically evident liver disease, showed significantly more cerebral atrophy on computed tomography than age-matched neurologic controls. Age was the variable most highly correlated with cerebral atrophy measurements, and it accounted for most of the correlations between atrophy and functional impairment, except in the Wernicke-amnesic group. Analysis of the slopes of atrophy scores versus age showed a more rapid "rate" of development of cerebral atrophy in alcoholics compared with controls. There were no correlations betwe

The post-repeal eclipse in knowledge about the harmful effects of alcohol.

National Prohibition in the USA (1919-1933) was followed by an era in which medical scientists played an important role in minimizing the harmful effects of alcohol. Cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, adverse fetal effects, and esophageal cancer are examples of alcohol-related health problems that were well known at the beginning of the 20th century but were dismissed during the late 1930's and early 1940's, only to be rediscovered during the 1960's and afterwards. This eclipse in knowledge occurred because of skepticism about earlier claims that had been made in the name of scientific temperance and,

P300 and alcohol consumption in normals and individuals at risk for alcoholism. A preliminary report.

Pairs of college student subjects (36 male, 36 female) were matched on age, sex, and personal drinking history. One pair member had a parent who met the DSM III criteria of alcoholism, while the other pair member had no close alcoholic relative. The P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) was obtained from each subject with auditory stimuli in an "oddball" paradigm. Target stimuli occurred randomly on 20% of the trials in a frequency discrimination task, a relatively easy intensity discrimination task, and a more difficult intensity discrimination task. Subjects indicated when the target item