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Cardiac Amyloidosis and its New Clinical Phenotype: Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is now an emerging cardiovascular epidemic, being identified as the main phenotype observed in clinical practice. It is more associated with female gender, advanced age and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease. Amyloidosis is a clinical disorder characterized by the deposition of aggregates of insoluble fibrils originating from proteins that exhibit anomalous folding. Recently, pictures of senile amyloidosis have been described in patients with HFpEF, demonstrating the need for clinical cardiolog

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… Malignant ventricular arrhythmia, when present, is a common cause of death in patients with cardiac amyloidosis, and these patients are strong candidates for implantation of cardio-defibrillators. 24 Involvement of the pericardium may occur in some cases, resulting in pericardial effusion which, most …

State of the Art of Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis is defined by extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins in the heart. The most frequent cases of cardiac amyloidosis are caused by transthyretin and light chain amyloidosis. This condition is underdiagnosed, and its incidence has been continuously rising in recent studies because of the aging of the population and the development of noninvasive multimodal diagnostic tools. Amyloid infiltration affects all cardiac tunics and causes heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, aortic stenosis, arrythmia, and conductive disorder. Innovative, specific therapeutic approa

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… impaired reservoir function and increased stiffness, leading to supra-ventricular arrhythmia, intracavitary thrombi, and systemic emboli [ 20 ]. iii—Infiltration of the endocardium favors the occurrence of valvulopathies (mitral and tricuspid insufficiency, aortic stenosis). iv— Infiltration of the pericardium …

High Serum Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 125 Level Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Light-Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Background and Aims: Patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) are characterized by high levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125). However, studies have not explored the correlation between CA 125 and AL-CA. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical implications of an increase in CA 125 in patients with AL-CA. Methods and Results: A total of 95 patients diagnosed with AL-CA at the Second Xiangya Hospital were enrolled in this study. Out of the 95 patients with AL-CA, 57 (60%) patients had elevated serum CA 125 levels. The mean age was 59.7 ± 10.0 years with 44 (77.

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… In addition, the study used anti-CA 125 antibodies to stain the pericardial tissue obtained through autopsy of 17 patients and showed higher serum CA 125 levels in the CA 125-positive-stained pericardium compared with those in negative-stained for CA 125. …

Assessment and Management of Cardiotoxicity in Hematologic Malignancies.

With the increasing overall survival of cancer patients due to recent discoveries in oncology, the incidence of side effects is also rising, and along with secondary malignancies, cardiotoxicity is one of the most concerning side effects, affecting the quality of life of cancer survivors. There are two types of cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy; the first one is acute, life-threatening but, fortunately, in most of the cases, reversible; and the second one is with late onset and mostly irreversible. The most studied drugs associated with cardiotoxicity are anthracyclines, but many new

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… Cardiac MRI (CMR) can assess cardiac structure and function, and it can also evaluate pericardium, characterize myocardial tissue, and assess for cardiac infiltrates. …

Mortality and morbidity in populations in the vicinity of coal mining: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Evidence of the association of coal mining with health outcomes such as increased mortality and morbidity in the general population has been provided by epidemiological studies in the last 25 years. Given the diverse sources of data included to investigate different health outcomes in the exposed populations, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) can be used as a single classification standard to compare the findings of studies conducted in different socioeconomic and geographic contexts. The ICD classifies diagnoses of diseases and other disorders as codes organized b

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… mining counties c I25 (Chronic ischemic heart disease) y [ 36 , 42 ] /n [ 42 ] b Population in 129 USA counties RR ranging 0.96-1.2) in coal mining counties c . r = 16.9(7.5) p < 0.03 SMR in coal mining counties, r = 11.4(5.5) p < 0.05 SMR by coal production I31, I33, (Endocarditis, other diseases of pericardium … counties c I25 (Chronic ischemic heart disease) | y [ 36 , 42 ] /n [ 42 ] b | Population in 129 USA counties | RR ranging 0.96-1.2) in coal mining counties c . r = 16.9(7.5) p < 0.03 SMR in coal mining counties, r = 11.4(5.5) p < 0.05 SMR by coal production I31, I33, (Endocarditis, other diseases of pericardium …

Adverse Cardiac Effects of CAR T-Cell Therapy: Characteristics, Surveillance, Management, and Future Research Directions.

This review summarizes the current literature on the adverse cardiac effects of CAR T-cell therapy. Case reports and series suggest that major adverse cardiovascular events are not uncommon after CAR T-cell therapy; however, limited data exist regarding incidence, pathophysiology, and prevention strategies related to CAR T-associated cardiovascular events. As cellular therapy advances and the indications for its use continue to expand, it is essential to better understand its associated cardiovascular toxicities. Biomarkers, cardiac imaging, longitudinal data from larger populations, and trans

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… Another example of on-target, off-tumor toxicity includes possible cross-reactivity between anti-mesothelin CAR T-cells with normal mesothelin expressed on serous cells of the pleura and pericardium causing pleuropericarditis, though this was not shown in a recent phase I trial. 54 Insights for Developmental …

Research Advances on Targets and Mechanisms in Cancers Complicated by Cardiovascular Diseases.

PurposeCancers complicated by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly becoming major limiting factors affecting patients' long-term quality of life and clinical outcomes. Systematic identification of therapeutic targets and their clinical development status is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a target-based analytical framework to systematically map the distribution, developmental stage, maturity, and mechanistic characteristics of clinical trials investigating tumors co-occurring with CVD, thereby identifying potential therapeutic t

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… In addition, tumors originating from or adjacent to the heart may directly invade the pericardium, myocardium, or coronary arteries, or cause cardiac involvement via hematogenous metastasis, resulting in severe complications such as pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, malignant arrhythmia, and congestive …

Exploring Resting Sinus Tachycardia in Cancer Care: A Comprehensive Review.

Resting sinus tachycardia is frequently encountered in cancer patients. It affects a wide variety of cancer patients and is associated with distressing symptoms. Cancer-associated resting sinus tachycardia varies in its underlying mechanism. It can stem from the tumor burden or the side effects of chemotherapy/radiotherapy, or it can be secondary to paraneoplastic syndrome or the sequalae of cancer itself (infection, anemia, thrombosis, etc.). The clinical significance of resting sinus tachycardia extends beyond mere symptomatology, as it can potentially indicate severe complications which may

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… Radiotherapy damages the pericardium, coronary vessels, cardiac myocytes, and the SA node, leading to atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and autonomic dysfunction, which can cause resting sinus tachycardia [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Radiation-induced inflammation also contributes to elevated HR [ 31 ]. …

Current Data and Future Perspectives on Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer

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… Tumors may reach the heart via the lymphatic or intravenous route, or by direct extension, and the sites most affected are the pericardium or epicardium [ 34 ]. There is a growing understanding of the shared risk factors that may be responsible for the development or progression of cancer and AF. …

Exploring the Cardiotoxicity Spectrum of Anti-Cancer Treatments: Definition, Classification, and Diagnostic Pathways.

Early detection and treatment of cancer have led to a noticeable reduction in both mortality and morbidity. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy could exert cardiovascular (CV) side effects, impacting survival and quality of life, independent of the oncologic prognosis. In this regard, a high clinical index of suspicion is required by the multidisciplinary care team in order to trigger specific laboratory tests (namely natriuretic peptides and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin) and appropriate imaging techniques (transthoracic echocardiography along with cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac c

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… CCT can deliver information that is at least as robust as CMR for the anatomy and function of the left/right ventricle, left/right atrium, valves, and pericardium. CCTA has been proposed to detect subclinical CAD as radiation-related coronary damage [ 78 ]. …

Abstract

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… The term cardiac metastasis is used to describe when cancer elsewhere in the body spreads to the heart and involves any of its structures, the pericardium, great vessels, myocardium or producing intracavitary tumor thrombi. …

Prognostic impact of biomarkers in PMBCL: rationale for early integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

AimThis research aims to guide future strategies for personalized treatment of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), particularly to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting.MethodsA retrospective, single-center study included 254 newly diagnosed PMBCL patients treated with rituximab, dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (R-DA-EPOCH), rituximab, modified protocol NHL-BFM-90 (RmNHL-BFM-90), or R-DA-EPOCH combined with nivolumab. Clinical parameters, immunoh

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… I–II, n (%) | 132 (81) | 64 (93) | 17 (74) | 0.041 III–IV, n (%) | 30 (19) | 5 (7) | 6 (26) ECOG-PS, n (%) ≥ 2 | 141 (87) | 63 (91) | 20 (87) | 0.643 Bulky mass ≥ 6 cm, n (%) | 151 (93) | 67 (97) | 22 (96) | 0.479 Bulky mass ≥ 12 cm, n (%) | 67 (41) | 21 (30) | 13 (57) | 0.063 Involvement of pleura/pericardium …

Sacubitril/Valsartan Ameliorates Crizotinib-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice.

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the major cause of death globally. Crizotinib is a first-line drug used in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying its cardiotoxicity are unknown. This study investigated the mechanisms of crizotinib-induced cardiotoxicity and explored whether this toxicity can be prevented by the angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, crizotinib (40 mg ⋅ kg - 1 ⋅ d - 1 for four weeks), and crizotinib + sacubitril/valsartan

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… Following this, the pericardium was removed, epicardial conduction velocity (CV), absolute inhomogeneity and inhomogeneity index was recorded and analyzed using the Electrical Mapping System (EMS64-USB-1003, MappingLab, Oxford, UK) and EMapScope 4.0 (MappingLab, Oxford, UK), as detailed previously [ …

The Crossroads of Geriatric Cardiology and Cardio-Oncology.

Cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are two major causes of mortality in older adults. With improved survival and outcomes from cancer and CVD, the role of the geriatrician is evolving. Geriatricians provide key skills to facilitate patient-centered and value-based care in the growing older population of cancer patients (and survivors). Cancer treatment in older adults is particularly injurious with respect to complications stemming from cancer therapy and as well as to CVD related to cancer therapy in the context of physiologic aging. To best meet their natural potential as caregiving lea

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… Mediastinal radiotherapy may lead to disease of the coronaries, valves, myocardium, pericardium, and conduction system [ 58 ]. …

Chest and Mediastinum

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… The anterior mediastinum lies between the posterior surface of the sternum and the anterior pericardium. It contains the ascending aorta, superior vena cava, azygous vein, and the thymus gland. The middle mediastinum contains the heart, the great vessels, and the trachea. … (e.g., pericardium, valves, lymph nodes) Size of the heart Contour of the mediastinal borders (e.g., with aneurysms) Diaphragm Normally, the diaphragm has smooth and sharp borders (see Sect. 19.1 ). …

Amyloidoses in Onco-Nephrology Practice: A Multidisciplinary Case-Based Conference Report.

Introduction and objectiveAmyloidoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from deposition of amyloid fibrils into extracellular tissues. While the kidneys are one of the most frequent sites of amyloid deposition, amyloid deposits can also affect a wide range of organ systems, including the heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and peripheral nerves. The prognosis of amyloidosis, especially with cardiac involvement, remains poor; however, a collaborative approach applying new tools for diagnosis and management may improve outcomes. In September 2021, the Canadian Onco-Nephrology In

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… Cardiac Involvement Amyloid deposition can affect all structures of the heart, including the myocardium, endocardium, pericardium, valves, and coronary arteries. …

Cardiac transplantation in adult congenital heart disease: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: As more children with congenital heart disease survive to adulthood, adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) prevalence will increase (currently ~1 million US patients). Heart failure (HF) accounts for 26-42% of ACHD deaths. The rate of ACHD heart transplantations (ACHD HTx) is also increasing. We describe the ACHD HTx recipient/candidate cohort, analyze ACHD HTx outcomes, identify ACHD HTx specific challenges, and discuss opportunities to better serve more patients with ACHD HF. METHODS: PubMed literature search including articles published from 2010-2023. Reviewed 89

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… Patients with prior cardiac surgeries also have less available anterior pericardium. Additionally, multiple sternotomies cause a restrictive chest wall and can interfere with post-operative pulmonary mechanics. …

CAR-T Cell Therapy-An Overview of Targets in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and, unfortunately, still has a high mortality rate. Recent research points to CAR-T immunotherapy as a promising treatment for this disease. Using genetically engineered T cells designed to target a previously selected antigen, researchers are able to harness the natural anti-tumor activity of T cells. For therapy to be successful, however, it is essential to choose antigens that are present on tumor cells but not on healthy cells. In this review, we present an overview of the most important targets for CAR-T therapy in th

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… It is a differentiation antigen with a low expression in the mesothelial cells lining the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum [ 52 ]. MLSN may participate in cell adhesion, but its function is not fully understood [ 53 ]. …

Материалы Международного общества по картированию раковых заболеваний (ИСИС) 18th Ежегодный учебный курс: Ментон, Франция. 7-9 октябрь 2018

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CAR-T cell therapy clinical trials: global progress, challenges, and future directions from ClinicalTrials.gov insights.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has undergone vigorous development in recent years, yet it still faces significant challenges and difficulties in its clinical application and further development. A systematic synthesis of global trends in CAR-T clinical trials is essential to identify knowledge gaps, optimize treatment strategies, and guide future research directions. This review analyzed 1,580 CAR-T clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 2024, and extracted characteristic data in multiple dimensions, including target specificity, treatment indication, an

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… Mesothelin (MESO) was highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors, such as pleural mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and was low expressed in small number of normal tissue cells, such as pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium mesothelin cells, thus posing a good target …