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Cortical Reorganization Is Associated with Surgical Decompression of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

BACKGROUND: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) results in sensorimotor limb deficits, bladder, and bowel dysfunction, but mechanisms underlying motor plasticity changes before and after surgery are unclear. METHODS: We studied 24 patients who underwent decompression surgery and 15 healthy controls. Patients with mixed upper and lower limb dysfunction (Group A) and only lower limb dysfunction (Group B) were then analysed separately. RESULTS: The sum amplitude of motor evoked potentials sMEP (p < 0.01) and number of focal points where MEPs were elicited (N) (p < 0.001) were significantly la

Surmounting retraining limits in musicians' dystonia by transcranial stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: Abnormal cortical excitability is evident in various movement disorders that compromise fine motor control. Here we tested whether skilled finger movements can be restored in musicians with focal hand dystonia through behavioral training assisted by transcranial direct current stimulation to the motor cortex of both hemispheres. METHODS: The bilateral motor cortices of 20 pianists (10 with focal dystonia, 10 healthy controls) were electrically stimulated noninvasively during bimanual mirrored finger movements. RESULTS: We found improvement in the rhythmic accuracy of sequential fi

Bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation enhances effector-independent representations of motor synergy and sequence learning.

Complex manual tasks-everything from buttoning up a shirt to playing the piano-fundamentally involve two components: (1) generating specific patterns of muscle activity (here, termed "synergies"); and (2) stringing these into purposeful sequences. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) has been found to increase the learning of motor sequences, it is unknown whether it can similarly facilitate motor synergy learning. Here, we determined the effects of tDCS on the learning of motor synergies using a novel hand configuration task that required th

Spinal associative stimulation: a non-invasive stimulation paradigm to modulate spinal excitability.

OBJECTIVE: Repetitive, paired peripheral and transcranial stimulation targeting the cerebral cortex can increase cortical excitability, outlasting the stimulation period. It is unknown whether paired stimulation specifically targeting the spinal cord can modulate spinal excitability. We tested whether the H-reflex facilitation from a sub-threshold conditioning TMS pulse could modulate spinal excitability if delivered repetitively. METHOD: In 13 healthy subjects, we delivered single-pulse TMS (80% RMT) for the right soleus muscle, 20 ms prior to an electrical peripheral nerve stimulus delivere

Переписка MRI и NTMS с EDS в рамках многоразового склероза: продольное исследование последующей деятельности.

ЦЕЛИ: С учетом характеристик множественного склероза (МС) и его воздействия на моторную недостаточность цель настоящего исследования заключается в оценке функциональной целостности кортикоспинального тракта путем изучения моторных возможностей (МЭП), оценок, полученных в рамках расширенной шкалы инвалидности (EDSS), числа случаев поражения магнитными резонансными изображениями (MRI), а также психологического и физического состояния, о котором сообщают пациенты с повторно излучающими MS (RRMS). МЕТОДЫ: 23 Темы ОРУ (RMS)17 в последующей деятельности) кортикоспинальный тракт для верхних и нижних

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: Considering the characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease and its impact on motor disability, this study aims to assess … tract for upper and lower extremity muscles was longitudinally studied over 2 years using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and MEP scoring. MRI parameters included lesion detection by applying McDonald's criteria and additional lesion detection of the corticospinal tract. EDSS scoring included evaluation of the EDSS general score, EDSS functional pyramidal score, …

Continuous theta-burst stimulation may improve visuospatial neglect via modulating the attention network: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Visuospatial neglect (VSN) is devastating and common after stroke, and is thought to involve functional disturbance of the attention network. Non-invasive theta-burst stimulation (TBS) may help restore the normal function of attention network, therefore facilitating recovery from VSN. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of continuous TBS on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the attention network, and behavioral performances of patients with VSN after stroke. METHODS: Twelve patients were randomly assigned to receive 10-day cTBS of the left posterior parie

Interventions promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and … , domperidone, GSK239512, human fetal neural precursor cells (hfNPCs), and low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LI-rTMS) exhibited remyelination potential. Additionally, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) such as Ocrelizumab, Fingolimod, and Natalizumab showed promising effects. DISCUSSION: Although several interventions demonstrated remyelination potential …

Intracranial arterial occlusive lesion in patients with Graves' disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and clinical manifestations of intracranial arterial occlusive lesions (IAOLs), and their correlation with thyroid function. METHODS: We enrolled 7 patients who had Graves' disease (GD) with IAOLs screened and evidenced by transcranial Doppler, then further confirmed with digital substract angiography in 2 patients and magnetic resonance angiography in 5 patients. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in all 7 patients. Three patients were followed up. RESULTS: Among 7 patients, 1 was male and 6 were females. The mean age was 32.0 +/-

Acupuncture for generalized anxiety disorder: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

During the COVID-19 outbreak, there was a sharp increase in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Acupuncture therapy has the advantages of accurate clinical efficacy, safety and reliability, few adverse reactions, and no dependence, and is gradually becoming one of the emerging therapies for treating GAD. We present a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial with the aim of exploring the mechanism of brain plasticity in patients with GAD and evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of acupuncture treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) will be used to assess cortical excitabi…

[Clinical characteristics and treatment of treatment-resistant bipolar depression].

Depression represents the predominant mood pole in bipolar disorder. Bipolar depression typically has a poor response to antidepressant medi … years. Non-pharmacological approaches include methods such as electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), sleep deprivation, and phototherapy.

Transcavernous Approach to the Anteromedial Triangle for Residual Functional Pituitary Adenoma.

Surgical treatment of functional pituitary adenomas is as rule performed by transsphenoidal approach. However, when then lesion invades the parasellar structures and the cavernous sinus, the transsphenoidal removal of these adenomas is usually incomplete. In this video, we present the technical nuances of a transcavernous approach to the anterio-medial triangle for the resection of a residual functional pituitary adenoma. The patient is a 40-year-old male who was diagnosed with growth hormone secreting pituitary macroadenoma. He underwent two transsphenoidal resections in 2013 and 2016 with a

[The social brain: neurobiological bases of clinical interest].

INTRODUCTION: Human social capacities are developmentally late and unique. They allow for a specialisation that enhances the availability of … schizophrenia) or personality disorders. There are a number of promising therapeutic interventions (transcranial magnetic stimulation, drugs). The addition of cultural and environmental factors to the neurobiological ones introduces a greater amount of ecological complexity, but without lessening the validity of what it outlined.

Lymphocytic hypophysitis and infundibuloneurohypophysitis; clinical and pathological evaluations.

This report describes the clinical and pathological characteristics of two patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis (LHy) and two with infundibuloneurohypophysitis (INHy). Two of the patients were women and two were men, and their ages were between 27 and 38 years old. This disease was not associated with either pregnancy or the postpartum period in the female patients. Two of the patients presented with diabetes insipidus, one with panhypopituitarism and right abducens paralysis and one with headache and galactorrhea. At presentation three of the patients had mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia

Brain-State-Resolved Consistency of Corticospinal Responses to TMS.

BACKGROUND: An important feature of motor-evoked potential (MEP) responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) is their substantial trial-to-trial variability. Ongoing brain activity at the time of TMS, such as the power and phase of the sensorimotor mu rhythm, influences MEP amplitude. It is unclear to what extent these endogenous brain states also shape the consistency of MEP amplitude across trials. OBJECTIVES: We investigated trial-to-trial variability of MEP amplitude as a function of pre-stimulus mu dynamics. METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy partic…

[Changes in retinal light sensitivity and morphometry during surgical treatment of primary glaucoma with physiotherapeutic stimulation].

UNLABELLED: Surgery for advanced stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) aims to normalize intraocular pressure (IOP). A course of physiotherapy during subsequent stages of surgical treatment may have an additional beneficial effect. OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the effect of physiotherapy in patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and surgically compensated IOP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 50 patients (64 eyes) with stage II-III POAG and indications for glaucoma surgery - nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS). IOP, mean deviation (MD), pattern st

Sustained pharmacodynamic effects of S-ketamine on cortical excitability and resting-state brain activity: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate a set of pharmacodynamic biomarkers reflecting acute, delayed and sustained central nervous system eff … h oral dose, versus placebo. Measurements were conducted from baseline up to 7 days post-dose using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation combined with electromyography (TMS-EMG) and encephalography (TMS-EEG), pharmaco-electroencephalography (pEEG), alongside drug and metabolite plasma concentrations. Outcomes were analysed using mixed-effects ANCOVA and cluster-based permutation test …

Accelerated TMS is associated with changes of subgenual cingulate-default mode network coupling in depression: an observational 7 Tesla fMRI study.

BACKGROUND: Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation (aTMS) is an effective treatment for depression, but its neurobiological mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. This study used high-resolution 7-Tesla MRI to investigate changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) following a treatment series of aTMS. We hypothesized a decrease in sgACC rs-FC with key cortical regions of the default mode network (DMN), reflecting a downregulation of a network that is overactive in depression. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with curre…

Myokines as molecular mediators of the muscle-brain axis: Mechanisms linking sarcopenia to cognitive decline and implications for preventive strategies in ageing - A narrative review.

Sarcopenia and cognitive decline frequently co-occur in older adults, and growing evidence indicates that these conditions share a common bi … ponent exercise, optimised protein/leucine intake, lecithin and probiotic interventions, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and pharmacological modulation of AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT1 signalling all show capacity to reshape the myokine secretome and preserve cognition, though evidence levels vary substantially across intervention categories. We highlight key knowledge gaps - in …

Focused Ultrasound Ablation for Psychiatric Disorders.

Modern circuit-based neurosurgical interventions address a critical unmet need for patients with treatment-resistant psychiatric illness. Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) enables incisionless, millimeter-precision thermoablation via staged sonications with real-time monitoring, reshaping the risk-benefit profile of traditional neurosurgical interventions for psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the clinical evidence for HIFU ablation and contrast it with alternative platforms, including radiofrequency ablation, radiosurgery, laser interstitial thermal therap