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Association of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control With Regional Changes in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Biomarkers: Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of the SPRINT MIND Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Little is known about the associations of strict blood pressure (BP) control with microstructural changes in small vessel disease markers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regional associations of intensive vs standard BP control with small vessel disease biomarkers, such as white matter lesions (WMLs), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and cerebral blood flow (CBF). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) is a multicenter randomized clinical trial that compared intensive systolic BP (SBP) control (SBP target <120 m…

Evidence of Ongoing Cerebral Microstructural Reorganization in Children With Persisting Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A NODDI DTI Analysis.

Approximately 300-550 children per 100,000 sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) each year, of whom ∼25-30% have long-term cognitive … ntion scores) were a more sensitive predictor of recovery at 2-3 months post-injury than fractional anisotropy (FA) and clinical predictors, or clinical predictors alone. FISO could not predict recovery at 2-3 months post-injury. Therefore, we found that ODI was significantly increased in symptomatic children following mTBI compared with HCs at 1 month post- …

White matter fiber-specific degeneration in older adults with metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a complex of interrelated risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, in … in individuals with preMetS and MetS combined. In addition, tensor-based metrics (i.e., fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) were compared among the groups using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis. RESULTS: In whole-brain FBA, individuals with MetS showed significantly lower FD, FC, and FDC compared with healthy controls in WM …

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of functional and microstructural changes of the heart in a longitudinal pig model of acute to chronic myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: We examined the dynamic response of the myocardium to infarction in a longitudinal porcine study using relaxometry, functional a … ECV) and mean diffusivity (MD) were significantly elevated in the infarcted region while fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly reduced. During the transition from acute to chronic stages, native T1 presented minor changes (< 3%). ECV as well as MD increased from acute to the chronic stages compared to baseline: ECV: 125 ± 24% (day 6) 157 ± 24% (week 5 …

Neonatal physiological correlates of near-term brain development on MRI and DTI in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants.

Structural brain abnormalities identified at near-term age have been recognized as potential predictors of neurodevelopment in children born … posterior limbs of the internal capsule, the thalamus, and the globus pallidus. Regional fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated using DTI data and examined in relation to neonatal physiological risk factors including gestational age (GA), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematuri …

ω-3 PUFA for Secondary Prevention of White Matter Lesions and Neuronal Integrity Breakdown in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Older adults with lower intake and tissue levels of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EP … sing magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes included diffusion tensor imaging of fractional anisotropy (DTI-FA), representing neuronal integrity breakdown. RESULTS: A total of 102 participants (62 women [60.8%]; mean age, 81 years [range, 75-96 years]) were equally randomized, 51 per treatment group. Although the ω-3 group had less annual WML accumu …

Feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging in cervical spondylotic myelopathy using MUSE sequence.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The most frequent type of spinal cord injury is cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Conventional structural magnetic … apanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale. OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured values of FA (Fractional Anisotropy), MD (Mean Diffusivity), AD (Axial Diffusivity), and RD (Radial Diffusivity), and collected the clinical JOA scores of each subject before the MR examination. METHODS: A 3.0T MR scanner (Signa Architect, GE Healthcare) performed the MUSE-DTI sequen …

Association of Cerebral Blood Flow With Longitudinal Changes in Cerebral Microstructural Integrity in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

IMPORTANCE: Decreased cerebral tissue integrity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) are features of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain tissue maint … ed at baseline (year 25 of the CARDIA study), and changes in diffusion tensor indices of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), measures of microstructural tissue integrity, were measured at both baseline and after approximately 5 years of follow-up (year 30). Analyses were conducted from November 5, 2020, to January 29, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES A …

Нейробиологические пути, связывающие сексуальные расстройства и Психиатрические расстройства: обзор.

Навязчивое сексуальное расстройство (CSBD) — это новое засекреченное клиническое состояние, характеризующееся постоянной сложностью контроля за сексуальными импульсами, повторяющейся сексуальной активностью, несмотря на неблагоприятные последствия, а также значительным расстройством или ухудшением положения в различных сферах жизни. Этот обзор посвящен изучению клинических и нейробиологических переплетений между СВБД и отдельными психическими расстройствами, включая расстройства настроения и тревоги, расстройства, связанные с дефицитом внимания/гиперактивности, расстройства аутистического спек

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… Moreover, Draps et al. demonstrated a significant decrease in fractional anisotropy in cerebellar tracts in CSBD [ 25 ]. Fractional anisotropy is a quantitative indicator of white matter integrity in neurological studies, and its decrease indicates microstructural abnormalities in white matter. … Similar observations were noted in the case of ADHD, where Parkkinen et al. documented a decrease in fractional anisotropy in the middle cerebellar peduncle. However, effective pharmacotherapy with methylphenidate increased fractional anisotropy in the inferior cerebellar peduncle [ 26 ]. …

Neonatal Nutrition and Brain Structure at 7 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

IMPORTANCE: Neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth has long lasting effects on brain development. However, it is uncertain whe … in, fat, energy, and breast milk intake had more mature diffusion tensor metrics (higher fractional anisotropy and less diffusion) across multiple tracts, although this finding did not reach statistical significance for every tract. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort of children born very preterm, children with greater neonatal protein intake had a m …

Brain-aging related protein expression and imaging characteristics of mice exposed to chronic hypoxia at high altitude.

OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in protein expression related to brain aging and imaging features in mice after chronic hypoxia exposure at … the right caudate nucleus and hypothalamus and entorhinal cortex was also weakened. The fractional anisotropy value of the left hippocampus was decreased in the HH group. Compared with the PC group, the HH group showed significantly increased inner diameters of the bilateral common carotid artery and left internal carotid artery. The cerebral blood flow val …

Diffusion tensor imaging study of pediatric patients with congenital hydrocephalus: 1-year postsurgical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate white matter (WM) structural abnormalities using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in ch … d 12 months postoperatively) in the patients with hydrocephalus. DTI measures, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values were extracted from the genu of the corpus callosum (gCC) and the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC). Group analysis was performed first cross-sectionally …

Microstructural Changes in the Corpus Callosum in Different Forms of Sporadic Age-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background/Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a heterogeneous condition in which similar conventional MRI findings may be as … llowing Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Compared with MRI Type 2, MRI Type 1 showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA), neurite density index (NDI), intra-axonal volume fraction (INTRA), axonal water fraction (AWF), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), and radial kurtosis (RK), and higher mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), extra-axonal mean dif …

Craniomaxillofacial Complex Injuries Sustained During Training in Alpine Environments: Multimodal MRI-Based Analysis of Injury Patterns and Acute-Phase Assessment.

OBJECTIVE: Training activities in alpine environments, characterized by low temperatures, hypoxia, and high physical demand, predispose indi … deep white matter regions. Their burden was closely associated with reduced white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and weakened functional network connectivity. Structural and functional connectivity analyses demonstrated a widespread reduction in global network efficiency and clustering coefficient among the injured individuals, alongside a relative enhanc …

Age, Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention, and White Matter Integrity: Secondary Analysis of the POINTER Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Multidomain lifestyle interventions slow cognitive decline in at-risk older adults, but effects on cerebrovascular injury and wh … rimary outcomes were cerebrovascular MRI markers of global white matter free water (FW), fractional anisotropy (FA), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and incident cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Age-group analyses (<70 vs ≥70 years) were prespecified …

IGF-1 signaling pathway activation promotes axonal regeneration and repair: A mechanism study on catalpol-induced functional recovery after ischemic stroke.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, there is a concept of "tonifying the kidney and generating mar … olished by IGF-1R inhibition with linsitinib. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed enhanced fractional anisotropy (FA) values in corticospinal tract regions (e.g., dorsal fornix: P = 0.0496), alongside increased axonal markers GAP43 and MBP expression (P < 0.01) in peri-infarct tissues. In vitro, catalpol rescued oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neurona …

Association of Diet and Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Brain Connectivity and Memory in Aging.

IMPORTANCE: Epidemiological studies suggest that lifestyle factors are associated with risk of dementia. However, few studies have examined … ht cerebellum: 136 mm3, P = .04) and better white matter integrity as measured by higher fractional anisotropy (FA; 19 432 mm3, P < .05) and lower diffusivity (mean diffusivity [MD]: 5560 mm3, P < .05; axial diffusivity [AD]: 2600 mm3, P < .045; AD in fornix: β [SE] = 0.26 [0.11], false discovery rate-corrected P = .02). Higher WHR in midlife was associated …

Exploring the effect of multi-modal intervention against cognitive decline on atrophy and small vessel disease imaging markers in the AgeWell.de imaging study.

BACKGROUND: Multimodal lifestyle interventions might help to maintain healthy cognition in older age and to delay onset of dementia. Here, w … stimated intracranial volume; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; MD, mean diffusivity; FA, fractional anisotropy
TBSS: tract-based spatial statistics; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; ISI, inter-stimulus interval; LDI, lure discrimination index; REC, recognition score; CG, control group; IG, intervention group; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; CASMIN, Comparati …

Quantitative fetal MRI with diffusion tensor imaging in cases with 'short' corpus callosum.

OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested previously that the presence of Probst bundles (PB) in cases with a short corpus callosum (SCC) on diffusi … erformed to identify the presence of PB and to generate quantitative imaging parameters (fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)) of the entire CC, genu, body and splenium. Cases in which other associated brain abnormalities were detected on MRI were excluded. Cases were matched for fetal gender and gestational age with controls i …

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of brain injury after moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

BACKGROUND: In neonatal encephalopathy, the clinical manifestations of injury can only be reliably assessed several years after an intervent … signal in the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) had an AUC of 0·82 (0·76-0·87). Fractional anisotropy of PLIC (n=65) had an AUC of 0·82 (0·76-0·87). MRS metabolite peak-area ratios (n=160) of NAA-creatine (<1·29) had an AUC of 0·79 (0·72-0·85), of NAA-choline had an AUC of 0·74 (0·66-0·80), and of lactate-NAA (>0·22) had an AUC of 0·94 (0·89-0·97). …