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Disentangling the Complex Relationships Between Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer Through Polygenic Risk Scores: Evidence from a Large Prospective Study.

Although prior studies have reported a link between autoimmunity and carcinogenesis, the roles of genetic factors and potential mediators involved in this process remain elusive. We constructed disease-specific and combined polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for 6 common autoimmune diseases (AIDs) (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis [UC], and type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1D]) in the UK Biobank cohort. Compared to those without AID, AID patients at baseline had increased risks of overall cancer, hematological, digestive, and

Immunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: advances and challenges.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized as a clonal proliferation of mature B lymphocytes with distinct immunophenotypic traits, predominantly affecting the middle-aged and elderly population. This condition is marked by an accumulation of lymphocytes within the peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. The associated immune dysregulation predisposes CLL patients to a higher risk of secondary malignancies and infections, which significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality rates. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the prognosis of CLL, advancing treat

Декодирование автономного иммунитета: распознает нейромиэлит оптику и ее связь с другими аутоиммунными неврологическими расстройствами.

Оптика нейромиелита (NMO) является редким, но изнурительным аутоиммунным заболеванием, характеризующимся сильным приступом оптического невравита и поперечного миелита, что часто приводит к значительным неврологическим расстройствам. Автоантиорганы, предназначенные для аквапорина-4 (AQP4) и миэлина олигодендроцита гликпротеина (MOG), играют важнейшую роль в патогенезе болезней, а терапевтические стратегии, включающие иммунодепрессивную терапию и новые биологи, используются для борьбы с заболеваниями и предотвращения рецидивов. Хотя исследования указывают на возможное дублирование между НМО и др

The investigation of oncolytic viruses in the field of cancer therapy.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a potential strategy for tumor treatment due to their ability to selectively replicate in tumor cells, induce apoptosis, and stimulate immune responses. However, the therapeutic efficacy of single OVs is limited by the complexity and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To overcome these challenges, engineering OVs has become an important research direction. This review focuses on engineering methods and multi-modal combination therapies for OVs aimed at addressing delivery barriers, viral phagocytosis, and antiviral immunity in

Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Treatment: An Update.

Cancer is one of the most debilitating diseases, causing profound physical and psychological impacts on patients. The global number of cancer patients has been steadily rising over the last few decades. The development of effective cancer therapies remains the primary focus in life science research, requiring a precise understanding of specific pathways and the regulation of tumor markers. The approved cancer therapies demonstrate effectiveness by acting on specific regulatory enzymes, components required for cell division, hormones, and cell-specific receptors, etc. While small-molecule drugs

Микроглии/Макропатии в области аутоиммунной демьелинизации энцефаломелита (многообразный склероз/нейромиелит Оптика).

Микроглии и макрофаги являются важнейшими посредниками иммунной реакции в центральной нервной системе. Их функции варьируются от гомеостатического обслуживания до патогенеза аутоиммунных демиелинизирующих заболеваний, таких, как множественный склероз и оптический спектр нейромелита. В рамках этого обзора изучаются источники микроглии и макрофаги, а также механизмы их активации, взаимодействие с другими нейронными клетками и вклад в развитие и восстановление заболеваний. В нем также подчеркивается актуальность перевода знаний, полученных с помощью моделей животных, и терапевтический потенциал,

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… Plasma exchange is often used as a bridge therapy when transitioning patients to long-term immunosuppressive regimens [ 63 ]. 6.4.7. Emerging Therapeutic Targets CSF1R signaling regulates microglial survival and activation. …

Parasites' immunomodulators: a breakthrough in immunotherapeutics displaying antineoplastic activity against human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

The complex interplay between parasites and cancer is yielding promising advances in the field of cancer therapeutics. This study explored the in vitro anti-cancer potential of parasite immunomodulators (antigens and antibodies) of Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Toxoplasma gondii on human HT-29 colorectal and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells using the MTT assay. Results revealed that those parasites' immunomodulators exhibited antineoplastic activity and demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition of both cancer cell lines' proliferation (P ˂0.05). Notably, Trichine

A review of spontaneous bone metastases in domestic and laboratory animals.

Bone metastases cause significant morbidity and ultimately death in some human cancer patients. Although experimental animal models of skeletal metastases have been invaluable for investigating the molecular mechanisms of cancer progression and growth in bones, few of these models recapitulate the heterogeneous nature of bone metastases observed in humans. Animals with naturally occurring cancers have been proposed as ideal and unique models for human cancer research. From this, understanding the incidence, histologic features, clinical presentation, and response to therapy of spontaneous bone

Многоступенчатые ассоциации патогенеза и болезней Mycobacterium avium подраздел паратуберкулез.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. паратуберкулез (MAP) является основным агентом причинно-следственной связи болезни Джона (JD) в румынках и имеет потенциальные последствия для здоровья населения. Совокупные эпидемиологические и молекулярные данные предполагают, что MAP может способствовать болезни Крона (CD), в то время как его связь с множественным склерозом (MS), тип 1 Болелезный диабет (T1DM) и амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS) остаются ассоциативными без подтвержденной причинно-следственной связи. В настоящем описательном обзоре синтезируются данные о распределении по окружающей среде, генот

Gastrointestinal Cancer Therapeutics via Triggering Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by 2-Arylbenzofuran.

Gastrointestinal cancers are a major global health challenge, with high mortality rates. This study investigated the anti-cancer activities of 30 monomers extracted from Morus alba L. (mulberry) against gastrointestinal cancers. Toxicological assessments revealed that most of the compounds, particularly immunotoxicity, exhibit some level of toxicity, but it is generally not life-threatening under normal conditions. Among these components, Sanggenol L, Sanggenon C, Kuwanon H, 3'-Geranyl-3-prenyl-5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone, Morusinol, Mulberrin, Moracin P, Kuwanon E, and Kuwanon A demonstrate

The broad spectrum of cancer and immunotherapy: achievements and limitations.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decades, offering renewed hope to patients with previously untreatable malignancies. This therapeutic approach could be categorized into three primary strategies: immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been highly successful in boosting anti-tumour immune responses by blocking the immunosuppressive signals that cancer cells exploit to evade immune surveillance, mainly that exerted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Adoptive cell therapy, particularly chimeric antig

Cardiovascular Considerations in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Opinion statementCardiac dysfunction is a serious adverse effect of cancer therapies that can interfere with quality of life and impact long-term survival in patients with cancer. Hematopoietic cell transplantation is a potentially curative therapy for many advanced hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes, however is associated with several short- and long-term adverse effects, including importantly, cardiovascular toxicities. The goal of this review article is to describe the cardiovascular events that may develop before, during, and after hematopoietic cell transplantation

От Мауса к разуму: Нервозность роли орального микробиома в орофациальной боли и нейродегенерации.

Человеческая пероральная полость содержит разнообразный и динамичный микробиом, состоящий более чем из двух микробиомов. 700 Микробные виды, которые играют решающую роль в поддержании перорального и системного здоровья. Оральный дисбиоз, определяемый как нарушение этого микробного баланса, все чаще проявляется не только в периодонных заболеваниях, но и в патогенезе ородовой боли и нейродегенеративных заболеваниях. Были предложены ключевые патогены, такие, как Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola и Fusobacterium нуклеатум, для высвобождения вирулентных факторов, включая липополисакчари

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of cellular mechanobiology.

Mechanobiology is a rapidly advancing field at the intersection of biology, physics, and engineering that reveals how mechanical forces shape cellular behavior, tissue architecture, and disease progression. By elucidating how cells sense and transduce mechanical cues, mechanobiology has fundamentally advanced our understanding of processes ranging from migration and differentiation to immune responses and tissue remodeling. These advances have driven the development of innovative biophysical tools and engineered biomaterials that enable precise modulation of the cellular microenvironment. Tran

Advancing patient-centered cancer care: a systematic review of electronic patient-reported outcome measures.

BackgroundElectronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (ePROMs) have emerged as valuable tools in cancer care, facilitating the comprehensive assessment of patients' physical, psychological, and social well-being. This study synthesizes literature on the utilization of ePROMs in oncology, highlighting the diverse array of measurement instruments and questionnaires employed in cancer patient assessments. By comprehensively analyzing existing research, this study provides insights into the landscape of ePROMs, informs future research directions, and aims to optimize patient-centred oncology care

Postbiotics as Emerging Strategy Targeting Obesity- and Aging-Related Breast Cancer-Prospects in Prophylaxis and Therapy.

Aging and obesity accompanied with hormonal disequilibrium represent critical, inter-related risk factors for breast cancer, significantly influencing disease incidence, progression, and therapeutic outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted biological mechanisms linking obesity and aging to breast carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on the emerging therapeutic and preventive potential of postbiotics as molecules targeting cellular events important for cancer growth and responsiveness. Despite continuous advancement, breast cancer therapy still poses several challenges, such

Nucleic acid aptamers in orthopedic diseases: promising therapeutic agents for bone disorders.

Precision medicine has become a cornerstone in modern therapeutic strategies, with nucleic acid aptamers emerging as pivotal tools due to their unique properties. These oligonucleotide fragments, selected through the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment process, exhibit high affinity and specificity toward their targets, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and other biomolecules. Nucleic acid aptamers offer significant advantages over traditional therapeutic agents, including superior biological stability, minimal immunogenicity, and the capacity for universal chemical modificatio

Identification and verification of the key genes involved in gallbladder cancer.

BackgroundGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract. It often lacks distinct symptoms in its early stages, and no specific biomarkers have yet been identified for its diagnosis.ObjectiveTo identify key genes involved in GBC pathogenesis using public databases and bioinformatics analysis and validate these findings experimentally, providing a foundation for developing potential GBC biomarkers.MethodsAnalysis of GBC-related data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database revealed that G protein-coupled receptor 64 (GPR64) was differentially expressed in GBC.

Drug repurposing in KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC: a focus on resistance mechanisms and clinical strategies.

KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has transitioned from a therapeutically problematic disease to a precision-targetable cancer, anchored by the landmark approvals of sotorasib and adagrasib. Yet despite these advances, responses remain limited in duration and multiple mechanisms of rapid adaptive resistance emerge under inhibitor pressure. These resistance mechanisms define a therapeutic vulnerability map that can be addressed by repurposing approved agents with established safety profiles. This review emphasises the current understanding of KRAS G12C biology, integrates upda