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Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The incidence of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) has increased in certain groups over several decades in the United States. It is unclear whether the increasing incidence is associated with mortality trends. Methods: The incidence and incidence-based mortality (IBM) rates were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1980-2016) with SEER*Stat software. The secular trends stratified by demographic characteristics were analyzed by joinpoint regression. Results: The incidence of WM showed an initial rapid increase from 1980 to 1993 {annual perc

COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network.

Patients with multiple myeloma frequently present with substantial immune impairment and an increased risk for infections and infection-related mortality. The risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus and resulting mortality is also increased, emphasising the importance of protecting patients by vaccination. Available data in patients with multiple myeloma suggest a suboptimal anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response, meaning a proportion of patients are unprotected. Factors associated with poor response are uncontrolled disease, immunosuppression, concomitant therapy, more lines of therapy, and CD38 an

XPO1: From basic research to clinical treatment (Review).

Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a key nuclear export receptor that mediates the nuclear export of tumor suppressor proteins and growth‑regulatory mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In several types of cancer, XPO1 is overexpressed or hyperactivated, leading to aberrant cytoplasmic sequestration of key tumor suppressors such as p53, p21, p73, FOXO and Rb. This mislocalization abrogates their nuclear transcriptional functions, disrupting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair, thereby promoting uncontrolled proliferation, survival and therapy resistance. Targeting XPO1 with selective inhibitors

HDACs in the Brain: From Chromatin Remodeling to Neurodegenerative Disease.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic regulators that influence chromatin remodeling, gene expression, and cellular plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification and functional diversity of HDACs, with particular emphasis on their roles in neural progenitor cells, mature neurons, and glial populations. In neural stem and progenitor cells, HDACs modulate neurogenesis, fate specification, and lineage commitment. In differentiated neurons, HDACs govern synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and survival. In glial cell

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… These HDACs are particularly enriched in aged microglial populations, suggesting their impact on cellular senescence and inflammatory dysfunctions during the aging process [ 44 ]. …

Advances in α-Lipoic Acid for Disease Prevention: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights.

α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound with diverse biological functions, widely distributed in animal and plant tissues. It has attracted considerable attention due to its versatile therapeutic potential. However, despite these promising prospects, the clinical application of ALA remains limited by its low bioavailability and chemical instability and an incomplete understanding of its multifaceted mechanisms across various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemical properties of ALA, including its direct free-radical-scavenging activity, regenera

Регулирование заразительных осложнений в создании химической антигенной приемной клетки (CAR-T)

Химерическая антигенная рецепторная T-клетка (CAR T-клетка) изменила парадигму управления лимфомой не Ходжкина (NHL) и множественной миеломой. Осложнения, связанные с инфекцией, стали предметом озабоченности, которая может возникнуть в процессе лечения и привести к заболеваемости и смертности. В ходе этого обзора мы классифицировали осложнения, связанные с инфекцией, в three Категория, этап предварительного вливания с момента предварительного лимфодерации (LD) до дня zero, ранний этап от дня вливания до дня 30 после введения в эксплуатацию и с запозданием изо дня в день 30 и дальше. Инфекции,

Comprehensive Review of Methodology to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mammalian Species and Establish Its Relationship with Antioxidants and Cancer.

Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. ROS and antioxidants exert both beneficial and harmful effects on cancer. ROS at different concentrations exhibit different functions. This creates necessity to understand the relation between ROS, antioxidants, and cancer, and methods for detection of ROS. This review highlights various sources and types of ROS, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; types of antioxidants, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; and abnormal ROS detoxification in

MYC inhibitors in multiple myeloma.

The importance of MYC function in cancer was discovered in the late 1970s when the sequence of the avian retrovirus that causes myelocytic leukemia was identified. Since then, over 40 years of unceasing research have highlighted the significance of this protein in malignant transformation, especially in hematologic diseases. Indeed, some of the earliest connections among the higher expression of proto-oncogenes (such as MYC), genetic rearrangements and their relation to cancer development were made in Burkitt lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia and mouse plasmacytomas. Multiple myeloma (MM), in

Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy.

The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical

Targeting cancer stem cells with CAR-based immunotherapy: biology, evidence, and future directions.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are pivotal in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse, underscoring the need for targeted therapies to achieve lasting responses. This review delves into CSC biology, highlighting their tumor-initiating potential demonstrated through limiting dilution assays and their role in resistance to therapies. Although successful CAR therapies, such as anti-CD19 CAR T-cells, can induce complete responses without directly targeting CSCs, CAR strategies focusing on CSCs may offer promising avenues to prevent recurrence. We assess CAR therapies targeting CSC-specific antigens,

Cancer stem cells in personalized therapy: mechanisms, microenvironment crosstalk, and therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor progression, therapy resistance, and metastasis through unique membrane biology, glycosylation patterns, and metabolic adaptations. CSCs exhibit a distinct glycocalyx profile enriched in hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, and sialylated glycans, facilitating immune evasion, adhesion, and survival. Key signaling pathways-Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, JAK/STAT, TGF/SMAD, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-regulate CSC stemness and therapeutic resistance. Emerging biomarkers (CD44, CD133, ALDH1, EpCAM) and targeted therapies (CAR-T cells, miRNA modulation, lipid metabolism inhibit

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Myeloid Malignancies.

Myeloid malignancies arise from an altered hematopoietic stem cell and mainly comprise acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative malignancies, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Myeloid neoplastic leukemic cells may influence the growth and differentiation of other hematopoietic cell lineages in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display immunoregulatory properties by controlling the innate and adaptive immune systems that may induce a tolerant and supportive microenvironment for neoplasm

The Cancer Antioxidant Regulation System in Therapeutic Resistance.

Antioxidants play a pivotal role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to induce oxidative stress. In the context of cancer development, cancer cells adeptly maintain elevated levels of both ROS and antioxidants through a process termed "redox reprogramming". This balance optimizes the proliferative influence of ROS while simultaneously reducing the potential for ROS to cause damage to the cell. In some cases, the adapted antioxidant machinery can hamper the efficacy of treatments for neoplastic diseases, representing a significant facet of the resistance mechanisms ob

Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to explain the pleiotropic effects of Ankaferd blood stopper.

Ankaferd blood stopper is a standardized mixture of the plants Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum, and Urtica dioica and has been used as a topical hemostatic agent and with its clinical application established in randomized controlled trials and case reports. Ankaferd has been successfully used in gastrointestinal endobronchial mucosal and cutaneous bleedings and also in abdominal, thoracic, dental and oropharyngeal, and pelvic surgeries. Ankaferd's hemostatic action is thought to form a protein complex with coagulation factors that facilitate adhesion of

The role of noble bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) queen glycosaminoglycan in aged rat and gene expression profile based on DNA microarray.

IL-1 induces a significant number of metabolic and hematological changes. In experimental animals, IL-1 treatments cause hypotension due to rapid reduction of systemic blood pressure, reduced vascular resistance, increased heart rate and leukocyte aggregations. IL-1 causes endothelial dysfunction, the triggering factor of which may be of a different nature including pathogen infection. This dysfunction, which includes macrophage intervention and increased protein permeability, can be mediated by several factors including cytokines and arachidonic acid products. These effects are caused by the

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… This protein is located in the nucleus and binds directly to DNA involved in the control of the cell cycle and cell differentiation, regulation of DNA repair, and cellular senescence in response to radiation and chemotherapy; binding prevents cancer formation ( 68 ). … senescence Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 7 a026112 2017 10.1101/cshperspect.a026112 27881444 PMC5287062 69 Hamroun D Kato S Ishioka C Claustres M Béroud C Soussi T The UMD TP53 database and website: Update and revisions Hum Mutat 27 14 20 2006 10.1002/humu.20269 16278824 70 Ungerleider NA Rao SG Shahbandi …

Bavachin suppresses proliferation of laryngopharyngeal cancer by regulating the STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways.

Purpose: The present study aimed to explore the underlying antitumor effects of bavachin on laryngopharyngeal cancer in-vitro and in-vivo. Methods: Tu212 and FaDu cells were cultured in the incubator. Cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO (control group) and different concentrations of bavachin (experimental groups) for exploring the results of proliferation and apoptosis. We revealed the underlying mechanism of bavachin on laryngopharyngeal cancer through western blotting, qRT-PCR assay and immunofluorescence staining. Results: Bavachin could suppress the proliferation and migration of laryngopha

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… Cellular senescence and cancer: Focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and natural products. Cell Proliferation. 2020;53:e12894. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12894. 23. Lee J, Lim W, Song G. …

Prospects for repurposing CNS drugs for cancer treatment.

Drug repurposing is the idea of using an already approved drug for another disease or disorder away from its initial use. This new approach ensures the reduction in high cost required for developing a new drug in addition to the time consumed, especially in the tumor disorders that show an unceasing rising rate with an unmet success rate of new anticancer drugs. In our review, we will review the anti-cancer effect of some CNS drugs, including both therapeutic and preventive, by searching the literature for preclinical or clinical evidence for anticancer potential of central nervous system drug

Cancer Cell Metabolism in Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1 as Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target.

In order to meet the high energy demand, a metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells. Its role is crucial in promoting tumor survival. Among the substrates in demand, oxygen is fundamental for bioenergetics. Nevertheless, tumor microenvironment is frequently characterized by low-oxygen conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a pivotal modulator of the metabolic reprogramming which takes place in hypoxic cancer cells. In the hub of cellular bioenergetics, mitochondria are key players in regulating cellular energy. Therefore, a close crosstalk between mitochondria and HIF-1 underl

Фактор XII-А Новая терапевтическая цель? Систематический обзор.

Фактор XII — это молекула нечеткой физиологической функции, которая привлекает все больший интерес к исследованиям в различных медицинских дисциплинах. В последние годы был накоплен значительный объем данных о вкладе фактора XII в патогенез подстрекательских и протромботических заболеваний. Было продемонстрировано, что FXII играет защитную роль в коагуляции на основе FXII во время хостинговой защиты от инфекций и защищает от многоорганических неудач в моделях сепсиса животных. В случае синдрома острой дыхательной недостаточности (АРДС) деятельность FXII способствует высвобождению провоспалител

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… FXII–uPAR interactions have also been implicated in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), where FXII promotes integrin β1-dependent signalling, leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cellular senescence. …

Emerging Mechanisms of Physical Exercise Benefits in Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Cancer Immunotherapy.

The primary factors that can be modified in one's lifestyle are the most influential determinants and significant preventable causes of various types of cancer. Exercise has demonstrated numerous advantages in preventing cancer and aiding in its treatment. However, the precise mechanisms behind these effects are still not fully understood. To contribute to our comprehension of exercise's impact on cancer immunotherapy and provide recommendations for future research in exercise oncology, we will examine the roles and underlying mechanisms of exercise on immune cells. In addition to reducing the