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Galectin-1-secreting neural stem cells elicit long-term neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury.

Galectin-1 (gal-1), a special lectin with high affinity to β-galactosides, is implicated in protection against ischemic brain injury. The present study investigated transplantation of gal-1-secreting neural stem cell (s-NSC) into ischemic brains and identified the mechanisms underlying protection. To accomplish this goal, secretory gal-1 was stably overexpressed in NE-4C neural stem cells. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes and s-NSCs were injected into the striatum and cortex within 2 hours post-ischemia. Brain infarct volume and

Splenial angle on axial T1 and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MRI images and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

OBJECTIVES: The splenial angle (SA), measured on axial DTI colour fractional anisotropy MRI, outperformed the callosal angle (CA) in predicting idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients from those with Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and healthy controls (HC). We investigated its reliability and classification performance on more commonly acquired T1 magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) images. METHODS: Splenial angle was measured on axial MPRAGE and FLAIR images in 57 subjects (19 NPH, PD and HC each

Nasal Glioma in a Newborn With Suspected Pai Syndrome: Surgical and Diagnostic Insights.

INTRODUCTION: Nasal glial heterotopias, or nasal gliomas, are rare congenital midline lesions composed of ectopic, non-neoplastic glial tissue. They are often mistaken for encephaloceles due to overlapping clinical and embryologic features. Accurate diagnosis is essential to avoid complications associated with surgical intervention. METHODS: The authors present the case of a newborn female infant born at 35 weeks and 6 days of gestation with a midline nasal mass, respiratory distress, and multiple dysmorphic features. Prenatal and postnatal imaging revealed a pedunculated nasal lesion without

Apolipopetein D Динамика экспрессии во время Cuprizone, вызванная демиелинцией и ремиелинацией в мышечной модели множественного склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое, иммуносодержащее заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся дегенерацией олигодендроцита (OLG), потерей миелина и повреждением ремиелиции. Аполипопротеин D (Apo D) — липокалин, полученный из глиа, в последние десятилетия возник как молекула нейрозащиты, занимающаяся переносом липидов, регулированием окислительного стресса и контролем воспаления во время старения и нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких как MS. Вместе с тем его роль в демиелинации/динамике ремилинизации остается слабой. В этом исследовании мы использовали модель де

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by oligodendrocyte (OLG) deg … izone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model in C57BL/6 mice to analyze Apo D expression patterns in the corpus callosum during de- and remyelination. We also assessed whether the atypical antipsychotic clozapine (CLO), previously shown to upregulate Apo D in vivo, could modulate its expression and influence myelin recovery in this pathological context. Using a combin …

FLAIR Hyperintensities in the Anterior Part of the Callosal Splenium in the Elderly Population: A Large Cohort Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Although hyperintensity in the anterior portion of the callosal splenium on FLAIR (aCS-hyperintensity) is a common finding in elderly adults, no previous studies have examined the clinical significance. In this large elderly population study, we aimed to investigate the associations of aCS-hyperintensity with vascular risk factors, cognitive decline, and other MRI measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 2110 participants (median age, 69 years; 61.1% females) who underwent 3 T MRI. The participants were grouped as 215 with mild cogniti

Post-acute white matter microstructure predicts post-acute and chronic post-concussive symptom severity following mild traumatic brain injury in children.

INTRODUCTION: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern that affects millions of children annually. Mild TBI tends … I metrics in several tracts robustly predicted PCS ratings at 3- and 6-months post-injury, but only corpus callosum genu MD was significantly associated with post-acute PCS after FDR correction. Significant group by DTI metric interactions on chronic PCS ratings indicated that left cingulum hippocampus and thalamic radiation MD was positively associated with 3-mo …

Cognitive Training in Young Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Fixel-Based Analysis.

Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with altered white matter organization and impaired cognitive functioning. Objective. … tensive areas with decreased FA and increased MD together with an increase in FC in the body of the corpus callosum and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) at time point 1. Patients improved significantly on the inhibition measure at time point 2, whereas the HC group remained unchanged. No training-induced changes were observed on the group level in diff …

Transient effect of melatonin treatment after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats.

Melatonin has potential neuroprotective capabilities after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), but long-term effects have not been investigated. We hypothesized that melatonin treatment directly after HI could protect against early and delayed brain injury. Unilateral HI brain injury was induced in postnatal day 7 rats. An intraperitoneal injection of either melatonin or vehicle was given at 0, 6 and 25 hours after hypoxia. In-vivo MRI was performed 1, 7, 20 and 43 days after HI, followed by histological analysis. Forelimb asymmetry and memory were assessed at 12-15 and at 36-43 days after HI. Mor

Cortical lateralization of cheirosensory processing in callosal dysgenesis.

The paradoxical absence of a split-brain syndrome in most cases of callosal dysgenesis has originated three main hypotheses, namely, (i) bilateral cortical representation of language, (ii) bilateral thalamocortical projections of somatosensory pathways conveyed by the spinothalamic-medial lemniscus system, and (iii) a variable combination of (i) and (ii). We used functional neuroimaging to investigate the cortical representation and lateralization of somatosensory information from the palm of each hand in six cases of callosal dysgenesis (hypothesis [ii]). Cortical regions of interest were con

White Matter Tract Pathology in Pediatric Anoxic Brain Injury from Drowning.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although drowning is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young children, the neuropathologic consequences … ctional anisotropy in the bilateral posterior limbs of the internal capsule and the splenium of the corpus callosum (P < .001). Mean diffusivity was more diffusely increased, affecting the bilateral superior corona radiata, anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, and external capsules (P < .001). Individual-subject fractional anisotropy and mean dif …

Neonatal parechovirus leucoencephalitis- radiological pattern mimicking hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

AIM: Our objective is to study the MR imaging pattern in neonatal parechoviral leucoencephalitis, a rare cause of neonatal white matter abno … the periventricular and subcortical white matter, in particular the frontal white matter, also the corpus callosum, internal capsule, external capsule and pyramidal tracts of the supratentorial brain and cerebral peduncle with relative sparing of occipital white matter, thalamus, basal ganglia and the infratentorial regions. Follow up imaging shows disappearance …

Atypical findings in three patients with Pai syndrome and literature review.

Pai syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital nasal or facial polyp, midline cleft lip, pericallosal lipoma, ocular anomalies, and normal neuropsychological development. Here, we report on three patients with Pai syndrome and atypical findings: temporal triangular alopecia, posterior lenticonus, bilateral palatal pits, bifid uvula, hypospadias, sacral dimple, true tracheal bronchus, and epilepsy. Thirty-three cases of Pai syndrome have been described so far. We present a review of the previously reported cases and suggest modified diagnostic criteria for Pai syndrome.

Neuroanatomical changes in a mouse model of early life neglect.

Using a novel mouse model of early life neglect and abuse (ENA) based on maternal separation with early weaning, George et al. (BMC Neurosci 11:123, 2010) demonstrated behavioral abnormalities in adult mice, and Bordner et al. (Front Psychiatry 2(18):1-18, 2011) described concomitant changes in mRNA and protein expression. Using the same model, here we report neuroanatomical changes that include smaller brain size and abnormal inter-hemispheric asymmetry, decreases in cortical thickness, abnormalities in subcortical structures, and white matter disorganization and atrophy most severely affecti

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with glioblastoma.

Malignant gliomas are aggressive malignancies which inevitably recur despite multimodality treatment. In a subset of patients who are longer term survivors of this disease, progressive radiologic worsening can also occur from late effects of radiation rather than recurrent tumor, a differential diagnosis that is commonly considered in this setting. However, other causes for radiologic progression are not as well recognized and could potentially confound management leading to incorrect treatment decisions. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare infectious demyelinating disea

Progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome in a Swiss child.

Progressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative syndrome first reported in 1991. Most patients described are of Finnish descent and very few patients have been reported in other countries. We report the first Swiss patient who fulfils the criteria of the PEHO syndrome. The course of the epilepsy is less severe than previously reported. Our patient developed a severe dystonic state after a febrile gastrointestinal infection, with a hypotonic state that may have been a dysregulation of brainstem origin. The diagnosis was made be