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Microanatomic Morphometric Characteristics of the Third Ventricle Floor.

Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an effective treatment for hydrocephalus. The in-depth understanding of microanatomy is essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment and complications prevention. The aim of this study is to supplement the knowledge gap regarding the microanatomical metrics and correlations for which the literature includes only scarce mentions at best. Methods: This is a descriptive microanatomical study including 25 cadaver brains. Specimens from donors with neurological, psychiatric disorders or alcohol abuse were excluded. Surgical loops were used for ha

Hypersalinity reduces the risk of cyanide toxicosis to insectivorous bats interacting with wastewater impoundments at gold mines.

Wildlife and livestock that ingest bioavailable cyanide compounds in gold mining tailings dams are known to experience cyanide toxicosis. Elevated levels of salinity in open impoundments have been shown to prevent wildlife cyanide toxicosis by reducing drinking and foraging. This finding appears to be consistent for diurnal wildlife interacting with open impoundments, however the risks to nocturnal wildlife of cyanide exposure are unknown. We investigated the activity of insectivorous bats in the airspace above both fresh (potable to wildlife) and saline water bodies at two gold mines in the g

Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural limb reflexes and neurons of spinal postural network.

Quadrupeds maintain the dorsal side up body orientation due to the activity of the postural control system driven by limb mechanoreceptors. Binaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) causes a lateral body sway toward the anode. Previously, we have shown that this new position is actively stabilized, suggesting that GVS changes a set point in the reflex mechanisms controlling body posture. The aim of the present study was to reveal the underlying neuronal mechanisms. Experiments were performed on decerebrate rabbits. The vertebral column was rigidly fixed, whereas hindlimbs were positioned

Factors associated with radiographic and clinical outcomes after posterior long-segment instrumentation for neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures: a single-center retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to quantify radiographic correction and long-term maintenance, assess pain and health-related quality of life, … follow-up, indicating limited correction loss over time. Restoration of both anterior and posterior vertebral body heights was observed, with partial loss at final follow-up. Final pain levels were low (VAS 1 [interquartile range=1-1]). In adjusted analyses, AO fracture type was associated with greater VCA loss and poorer SF-36 scores across several domains, par …

Severe Disc degeneration is associated with lower caudal subendplate hounsfield unit values in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiological analysis OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution of computed tomography (CT)-based Hounsfield unit (HU) values of lumbar vertebrae and explore the correlation between HU values and the modified Pfirrmann grades in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). METHOD: A total of 82 DLSS patients were divided into two gender-based groups for this retrospective analysis. Demographic data, including age, gender, body mass index, medical history, smoking status, operative levels, bone turnover markers (BTMs), and bone metabolism indicators, of al

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… Su Q et al. [ 26 ] found that the disc height and disc T2 signal decrease significantly with time in a rat caudal vertebral body fracture model. … Their results revealed that Pfirrmann Grades are correlated with higher bone density in the subendplates, but not in the whole vertebral body. …

Implementations of modulation complexity scores and their correlations with treatment plan quality in stereotactic radiation therapy.

BACKGROUND: During the delivery of contemporary stereotactic radiation therapy treatment, the radiation dose is dynamically shaped by the multileaf collimator (MLC). The modulation complexity score (MCS) is a metric that quantifies MLC apertures. However, inconsistent definitions of the MCS have been introduced in the literature. Furthermore, investigations of correlations between complexity metrics and dosimetric plan quality remain scarce. PURPOSE: We aim to highlight differences between MCS definitions and assess their correlation with treatment plan quality in curated datasets of stereota

Risk factors for different cement distribution indexes for refracture of operated vertebrae and adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with thoracolumbar compression fracture.

BACKGROUND: Although most studies suggest that unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) increases the probability of secondary adjacent vertebral compression fractures, controversy remains the associated risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of bone cement distribution index (DI) for surgical and adjacent vertebrae after PVP. METHODS: According to the inclusion criteria, 329 patients who underwent PVP in the Spinal Surgery Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2018 and May 2024 were then retrospectively screened, and the

Clinical Significance of Preoperative CT and MR Imaging Findings in the Prediction of Postoperative Recurrence of Spinal Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the predictive value of preoperative imaging in patients with spinal giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) for postoperativ … were analyzed. A univariate analysis showed no significant difference in age, sex, treatment, multi-vertebral body involvement, location, boundary, expansile mass, residual bone crest, paravertebral soft tissue mass, CT value, and MRI signal on T1-weighted imaging (WI), T2-WI, and T2-WI fat suppression (FS) sequences (P > 0.05). The largest lesion diameter [(4.6 …

Risk reduction of falls and fractures, reduction of back pain and safety in elderly high risk patients receiving combined therapy with alfacalcidol and alendronate: a prospective study.

Efficacy and safety of a new combination package containing 4 or 12 self-explanatory one-week blisters, each with one tablet of 70 mg alendronate (CAS 260055-05-8) and 7 capsules of 1 microg alfacalcidol (CAS 41294-56-8) (Tevabone) on muscle power, muscle function, balance and back pain was investigated in an open, multi-centered, uncontrolled, prospective study on a cohort of elderly patients with a high risk of falls and fractures. 818 practicing physicians all over Germany recruited 2579 patients for a 3-month observational trial being treated with the above combination package. 92.4% were

Assessment of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz using multi-detector CT angiography.

BACKGROUND: Damage to the spinal cord after the treatment of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is an uncommon but devastating complication. The artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) is the principal arterial supply of the anterior spinal artery (ASA) in the lower thoracic and lumbar level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visualization of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz, the affecting factors for the detection rate using multi-detector row CT (MDCT). METHODS: Ninety-nine consecutive patients (31 women and 68 men; age range, 25 - 90 years

Muscle spindle distribution, morphology, and density in longus colli and multifidus muscles of the cervical spine.

STUDY DESIGN: Tissue blocks comprising muscle and bone from C5 to C7 segments were harvested at autopsy from 16 individuals ranging in age f … density of muscle spindles, which appear clustered and concentrated anterolaterally, away from the vertebral body. The multifidus has a low density of muscle spindles, which are found predominantly as single units concentrated closely to the vertebral lamina. No change in spindle distribution, morphology, and density were observed with age. CONCLUSIONS: The cu …

Multi-trait GWAS using imputed high-density genotypes from whole-genome sequencing identifies genes associated with body traits in Nile tilapia.

BACKGROUND: Body traits are generally controlled by several genes in vertebrates (i.e. polygenes), which in turn make them difficult to identify through association mapping. Increasing the power of association studies by combining approaches such as genotype imputation and multi-trait analysis improves the ability to detect quantitative trait loci associated with polygenic traits, such as body traits. RESULTS: A multi-trait genome-wide association study (mtGWAS) was performed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with body traits in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus

2026 North American Spine Society Patient Safety Position Statement on Education, Training, and Competency for Spine Interventions.

The rapid expansion of minimally invasive, endoscopic, percutaneous, and implant-based spine interventions has outpaced standardized training requirements. This statement provides recommendations based on current training pathways, contemporary practice, and expert consensus, with patient safety as the guiding principle. These recommendations are not intended to define or restrict scope of practice; credentialing decisions remain the responsibility of institutions and governing bodies. Formal surgical spine training currently occurs through orthopaedic surgery residency with spine fellowship o

Outcomes of Spinal Fusion for Cervical Kyphosis in Children with Neurofibromatosis.

BACKGROUND: Cervical kyphosis may occur with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) and is often associated with vertebral dysplasia. Outcomes of cervical spinal fusion in patients with NF1 are not well described because of the rarity of the condition. We aimed to (1) characterize the clinical presentation of cervical kyphosis and (2) report the outcomes of posterior and anteroposterior cervical fusion for the condition in these children. METHODS: The medical records and imaging studies of 22 children with NF1 who had undergone spinal fusion for cervical kyphosis (mean, 67°) at a mean age of 11 years

Embryonic senescence and laminopathies in a progeroid zebrafish model.

BACKGROUND: Mutations that disrupt the conversion of prelamin A to mature lamin A cause the rare genetic disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and a group of laminopathies. Our understanding of how A-type lamins function in vivo during early vertebrate development through aging remains limited, and would benefit from a suitable experimental model. The zebrafish has proven to be a tractable model organism for studying both development and aging at the molecular genetic level. Zebrafish show an array of senescence symptoms resembling those in humans, which can be targeted to specific agi

Stepwise enforcement of the notochord and its intersection with the myoseptum: an evolutionary path leading to development of the vertebra?

The notochord constitutes the main axial support during the embryonic and larval stages, and the arrangement of collagen fibrils within the notochord sheath is assumed to play a decisive role in determining its functional properties as a fibre-wound hydrostatic skeleton. We have found that during early ontogeny in Atlantic salmon stepwise changes occur in the configuration of the collagen fibre-winding of the notochord sheath. The sheath consists of a basal lamina, a layer of type II collagen, and an elastica externa that delimits the notochord; and these constituents are secreted in a specifi

Dominant inhibition of lens placode formation in mice.

The lens in the vertebrate eye has been shown to be critical for proper differentiation of the surrounding ocular tissues including the cornea, iris and ciliary body. In mice, previous investigators have assayed the consequences of molecular ablation of the lens. However, in these studies, lens ablation was initiated (and completed) after the cornea, retina, iris and ciliary body had initiated their differentiation programs thereby precluding analysis of the early role of the lens in fate determination of these tissues. In the present study, we have ablated the lens precursor cells of the surf

Novel biomarkers of perchlorate exposure in zebrafish.

Perchlorate inhibits iodide uptake by thyroid follicles and lowers thyroid hormone production. Although several effects of perchlorate on the thyroid system have been reported, the utility of these pathologies as markers of environmental perchlorate exposures has not been adequately assessed. The present study examined time-course and concentration-dependent effects of perchlorate on thyroid follicle hypertrophy, colloid depletion, and angiogenesis; alterations in whole-body thyroxine (T4) levels; and somatic growth and condition factor of subadult and adult zebrafish. Changes in the intensity

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of a "minimally invasive penetrating foreign body": a case report.

Missed diagnosis and treatment of esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) carry a risk of severe, life-threatening complications. This case report details the diagnostic and therapeutic management of a 58-year-old woman with a minimally invasive penetrating FB (MIPFB) following fish bone ingestion, who presented with odynophagia. Initial clinical evaluation and electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy were unremarkable. A cervical computed tomography scan on day 6 post-ingestion revealed a penetrating FB at the C6 vertebral level. Initial flexible esophagoscopy and a subsequent surgical exploration failed

Case Report: Dural infiltration of intervertebral disc material mimicking spinal cord meningioma in a dog.

A six-year-old mixed-breed dog presented with a two-month history of peracute back pain and right hindlimb monoparesis. Neurological examination revealed reduced proprioceptive positioning of the right hindlimb, and palpation of the L2-L4 area elicited a pain response. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhanced mass extending to the dura mater, located on the right ventral side of the spinal cord at the level of the L2-L3 vertebral bodies. A hemilaminectomy was performed to remove the mass. Histopathological examination revealed that the removed dura mater comprised intervertebral