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Unveiling the global reach of African anthrax research: A bibliometric study.

Anthrax is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. It poses significant threat to humans through contact with infected an … rom the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany. Strong African partnerships, especially between Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa, emerged. The top 10 cited papers explored diverse aspects, including disease impact on wildlife and innovative control strategies, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary approaches. South Africa played a promine …

Routine HIV clinic visit adherence in the African Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Retention in clinical care is important for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence suggests that missed clinic visits are associated with interruptions in antiretroviral therapy (ART), lower CD4 counts, virologic failure, and overlooked coinfections. We identified factors associated with missed routine clinic visits in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS). METHODS: In 2013, AFRICOS began enrolling people with and without HIV in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria. At enrollment and every 6 months thereafter, sociodemographic questionnaires are administered and clinical outcomes as…

Health care in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic and pregnancy outcomes in six low- and-middle-income countries: Evidence from a prospective, observational registry of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health.

OBJECTIVE: To assess, on a population basis, the medical care for pregnant women in specific geographic regions of six countries before and during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in relationship to pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective, population-based study. SETTING: Communities in Kenya, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, India and Guatemala. POPULATION: Pregnant women enrolled in the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry. METHODS: Pregnancy/delivery care services and pregnancy ou…

Comprehensive Ecological and Geographic Characterization of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microbiomes in African Anopheles.

Exposure of mosquitoes to numerous eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes in their associated microbiomes has probably helped drive the evolution of the innate immune system. To our knowledge, a metagenomic catalog of the eukaryotic microbiome has not been reported from any insect. Here we employ a novel approach to preferentially deplete host 18S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to reveal the composition of the eukaryotic microbial communities of Anopheles larvae sampled in Kenya, Burkina Faso and Republic of Guinea (Conakry). We identified 453 eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associate…

The indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on inpatient admissions in 204 Kenyan hospitals: An interrupted time series analysis.

The first case of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in March 2020 in Kenya resulting in the implementation of public health measures (PHM) to prevent large-scale epidemics. We aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 confinement measures on access to inpatient services using data from 204 Kenyan hospitals. Data on monthly admissions and deliveries from the District Health Information Software version 2 (DHIS 2) were extracted for the period January 2018 to March 2021 stratified by hospital ownership (public or private) and adjusting for missing data using multi…

Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes Reveal Population Structure and Type 1 Association with Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma.

Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), the most prevalent pediatric cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, is distinguished by its inclusion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In order to better understand the impact of EBV variation in eBL tumorigenesis, we improved viral DNA enrichment methods and generated a total of 98 new EBV genomes from both eBL cases (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 40) residing in the same geographic region in Kenya. Using our unbiased methods, we found that EBV type 1 was significantly more prevalent in eBL patients (74.5%) than in healthy children (47.5%) (odds ratio = 3.24, 95% confid…

What do the Universal Test and Treat trials tell us about the path to HIV epidemic control?

INTRODUCTION: Achieving HIV epidemic control globally will require new strategies to accelerate reductions in HIV incidence and mortality. Universal test and treat (UTT) was evaluated in four randomized population-based trials (BCPP/Ya Tsie, HPTN 071/PopART, SEARCH, ANRS 12249/TasP) conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) during expanded antiretroviral treatment (ART) eligibility by World Health Organization guidelines and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 campaign. DISCUSSION: These three-year studies were conducted in Botswana, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa in settings with baseline HIV prevalence…

Antenatal Dexamethasone for Early Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Countries.

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of antenatal glucocorticoids in women in low-resource countries who are at risk for preterm birth are un … (and their 3070 fetuses) from 29 secondary- and tertiary-level hospitals across Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan underwent randomization. The trial was stopped for benefit at the second interim analysis. Neonatal death occurred in 278 of 1417 infants (19.6%) in the dexamethasone group and in 331 of 1406 infants (23.5%) in the placebo gro …

Access to HIV prevention services in East African cross-border areas: a 2016-2017 cross-sectional bio-behavioural study.

INTRODUCTION: East African cross-border areas are visited by mobile and vulnerable populations, such as men, female sex workers, men who hav … ontrol Efforts sampling method at cross-border locations near or along the land and lake borders of Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda from June 2016-February 2017. This bio-behavioural survey captured information from a probability sample of 11,428 individuals at 833 venues across all areas. Data were weighted using survey sampling weights and analysed …

Эффективность диагностических алгоритмов, включая боковой поток мочи липоарабинонана для ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с симптомами туберкулеза.

БАКГРУС: Туберкулез (ТБ) является основной причиной смерти ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов. Мы провели оценку эффективности с точки зрения затрат включения в диагностические алгоритмы туберкулеза для тяжело больных или иммунизированных ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с симптомами туберкулеза в Кении липоарабинонана (LF-LAM) лазерного потока. МЕТОДЫ: На основе дерева анализа решений были разработаны и сопоставлены десять диагностических алгоритмов. Все алгоритмы включали клинический экзамен. Стоимость каждого алгоритма была рассчитана с использованием метода "микростоимости". Эффективность была оцене

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among HIV-positive patients. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of including lateral-flow urine lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) in TB diagnostic algorithms for severely ill or immunosuppressed HIV-positive patients with symptoms of TB in Kenya. METHODS: From a decision-analysis tree, ten diagnostic algo…

Leptospirosis in sugarcane plantation and fishing communities in Kagera northwestern Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide importance, though relatively neglected in many African countries inc … s in humans were against serovars Lora (6.8%), Sokoine (5.3%), Pomona (2.4%), Hebdomadis (1.1%) and Kenya (0.2%). Detected leptospiral serovars in reservoir hosts were Sokoine (12.5%) and Grippotyphosa (4.2%). Serovar Sokoine was detected both in humans and small mammals. CONCLUSION: Leptospirosis is a public health threat affecting populations at risk …

Genomic Analysis of a Pan-Resistant Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, United States 2016.

UNLABELLED: Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to public health globally and leads to an estimated 23,000 deaths annually in the United St … reviously and isolated from Gram-negative bacteria from China, Nepal, India, the United States, and Kenya, suggesting possible origins of the isolate and plasmids. This is one of the first K. pneumoniae isolates in the United States to have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as nonsusceptible to all drugs tested, inclu …

Sickle Cell and α+-Thalassemia Traits Influence the Association between Ferritin and Hepcidin in Rural Kenyan Children Aged 14-26 Months.

BACKGROUND: The relation between subclinical hemoglobinopathies and concentrations of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relation of hepcidin concentration with hemoglobinopathies among young children in Kenya. METHODS: We quantified serum hepcidin and ferritin in 435 Kenyan children aged 14-20 mo in a subsample of the Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing (WASH) Benefits Trial. Blood samples were genotyped for α+-thalassemia and for sickle cell disorder. Hepcidin was compared across sickle cell and α+-thalassemia genotypes separately …

Screening and management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in antenatal and labor and delivery services: findings from cross-sectional observation studies in six sub-Saharan African countries.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) are major contributors to maternal and neonatal deaths in developing countries, associated wit … ntries were conducted. Results from 643 health facilities of different levels in Ethiopia (n = 19), Kenya (n = 509), Madagascar (n = 36), Mozambique (n = 46), Rwanda (n = 72), and Tanzania (n = 52), were combined for this analysis. While studies were sampled separately in each country, all used standardized observation checklists and inventory assessmen …

Ovarian cycling and reproductive state shape the vaginal microbiota in wild baboons.

BACKGROUND: The vaginal microbiome is an important site of bacterial-mammalian symbiosis. This symbiosis is currently best characterized for … vaginal microbiota in 48 baboons (Papio cynocephalus), members of a well-studied wild population in Kenya. Similar to prior studies, we found that the baboon vaginal microbiota was not dominated by lactobacilli. Despite this difference, and similar to humans, reproductive state was the dominant predictor of baboon vaginal microbiota, with pregnancy, pos …

Travellers' profile, travel patterns and vaccine practices--a 10-year prospective study in a Swiss Travel Clinic.

BACKGROUND: The travel clinic in Lausanne serves a catchment area of 700 000 of inhabitants and provides pre- and post-travel consultations. … country. India was the most common destination (9.6% of travellers) followed by Thailand (8.6%) and Kenya (6.4%). Seventy-three percent of travellers were planning to travel for ≤ 4 weeks. The main reasons for travel were tourism (75%) and visiting friends and relatives (18%). Sixteen percent were backpackers. Pre-travel advice were sought a median of 2 …

Cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae): Molecular and Biological Evidence of Cryptic Species within Gastric Cryptosporidium of Mammals.

The morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium muris strain TS03 are described, and the species name Cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. is proposed. Cryptosporidium proliferans obtained from a naturally infected East African mole rat (Tachyoryctes splendens) in Kenya was propagated under laboratory conditions in rodents (SCID mice and southern multimammate mice, Mastomys coucha) and used in experiments to examine oocyst morphology and transmission. DNA from the propagated C. proliferans isolate, and C. proliferans DNA isolated from the feces of an African buffa…

A review on Sero diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in Africa, Asia and South America, 2001-2014.

BACKGROUND: Shigella, gram negative bacterium, is responsible for Shigellosis/bacillary dysentery. It is a global concern although it predom … studies in five Asian countries. The countries in which eligible studies carried out were Ethiopia, Kenya, Eritrea and Ghana in Africa and Pakistan, Iran, China, Nepal and India in Asia. S. sonnei was isolated predominately from one study in Africa, four in Asia and two South America. The countries in which eligible studies carried out were Ethiopia fro …

The Genetic Relationship between Leishmania aethiopica and Leishmania tropica Revealed by Comparing Microsatellite Profiles.

BACKGROUND: Leishmania (Leishmania) aethiopica and L. (L.) tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniases and appear to be related. L. aethiopica is geographically restricted to Ethiopia and Kenya; L. tropica is widely dispersed from the Eastern Mediterranean, through the Middle East into eastern India and in north, east and south Africa. Their phylogenetic inter-relationship is only partially revealed. Some studies indicate a close relationship. Here, eight strains of L. aethiopica were characterized genetically and compared with 156 strains of L. tropica from most of the latter species' geographical …

Improved sensitivity of the urine CAA lateral-flow assay for diagnosing active Schistosoma infections by using larger sample volumes.

BACKGROUND: Accurate determination of Schistosoma infection rates in low endemic regions to examine progress towards interruption of transmi … method was evaluated on a set of urine samples (n = 113) from an S. mansoni endemic region (Kisumu, Kenya) and compared to stool microscopy (Kato Katz, KK). In this analysis true positivity was defined as a sample with either a positive KK or UCAA test. RESULTS: Implementation of the concentration method increased clinical sensitivity (Sn) from 44 to 9 …