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Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a critical issue in cardio-oncology, as cancer treatments often lead to severe cardiovascular complications. Approximately 10% of cancer patients succumb to cardiovascular problems, with lung cancer patients frequently experiencing arrhythmias, cardiac failure, tamponade, and cardiac metastasis. The cardiotoxic effects of anti-cancer treatments manifest at both cellular and tissue levels, causing deformation of cardiomyocytes, leading to contractility issues and fibrosis. Repeated irradiation and chemotherapy increase the risk of valvular, pericardial, or
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Malignant melanoma is an aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer, and despite recent advances in available therapies, is still lacking in completely effective treatments. Rg3, a monomer extracted from ginseng roots, has been attempted for the treatment of many cancers. It is reported that the expressions of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and p53 acetylation correlate with tumor cell growth. However, the antitumor effect of Rg3 on melanoma and the mechanism by which it regulates HDAC3 expression and p53 acetylation remain unknown. We found high expression of HDAC3 in human melanoma tissues to
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important post-transcriptional regulatory roles in a wide range of biological processes. They are fundamental to the normal development of cells, and evidence suggests that the deregulation of specific miRNAs is involved in malignant transformation due to their function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. We know that miRNAs are involved in the development of normal B-cells and that different B-cell subsets express specific miRNA profiles according to their degree of differentiation. B-cell-derived malignancies contain transcription signatu
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Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common bone and soft tissue-associated malignancy in children and young adults. It is driven by the fusion oncogene EWS/FLI1 and characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. We have previously discovered that the mRNA binding protein IGF2BP3 constitutes an important biomarker for EWS as high expression of IGF2BP3 in primary tumors predicts poor prognosis of EWS patients. We additionally demonstrated that IGF2BP3 enhances anchorage-independent growth and migration of EWS cells suggesting that IGF2BP3 might work as molecular driver and predictor of E
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Opinion statementCardiac amyloidosis is associated with a high mortality rate, a long delay between the first signs and the diagnosis but a short interval between diagnosis and death. This scenario has changed recently due to improved disease awareness among doctors and significant progress in diagnosis thanks to multimodal imaging and a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, during the last few years, we have had access to specific therapies for those patients. Those therapies are quite different depending on the type of amyloidosis, but there has been real progress. Systemic light chain amyl
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Cancer is a major health problem as it is the first or second leading cause of death worldwide. The global cancer burden is expected to rise 47% relative to 2020 cancer incidence. Recently, the fields of neuroscience, neuroimmunology and oncology have elaborated the neuroimmune crosstalk role in tumor initiation, invasion, progression, and metastases. The nervous system exerts a broad impact on the tumor microenvironment by interacting with a complex network of cells such as stromal, endothelial, malignant cells and immune cells. This communication modulates cancer proliferation, invasion, met
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Protein folding is a fundamental process ensuring that polypeptide chains acquire the correct three-dimensional structures required for biological function. This complex journey from nascent polypeptides to mature proteins is tightly regulated by the cellular proteostasis network-an integrated system of molecular chaperones, folding enzymes, and degradation machineries. Disruptions in this network lead to dysproteostasis, a pathological state implicated in a growing list of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, and cancer. In this review, we provide a comp
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Cancer immunotherapy has substantially advanced cancer treatment, achieving durable responses in select malignancies. However, its widespread application is limited by significant challenges: low efficacy in many solid tumors, severe side effects, and immune evasion facilitated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to address these obstacles. By employing nanoparticles (NPs), we can precisely deliver therapeutics to tumor sites, ensure controlled release to minimize side effects, and amplify the immune response, thereby substantially boosting the effec
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Hybrid nanocarriers have realized a growing interest in drug delivery research because of the potential of being able to treat, manage or cure diseases that previously had limited therapy or cure. Cancer is currently considered the second leading cause of death globally. This makes cancer therapy a major focus in terms of the need for efficacious and safe drug formulations that can be used to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality globally. The major challenge encountered over the years with cancer chemotherapy is the non-selectivity of anticancer drugs, leading to severe adverse effects i
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Cancer survivors may exhibit biological and metabolic changes linked to both cancer and its treatment. This systematic review aimed to compare metabolic and biological aging-related biomarkers between cancer survivors and healthy individuals. The primary electronic databases utilized to search papers from 2019 to 2024 were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Boolean operators were combined with specific keywords and MESH terms in searching the articles. After excluding protocol papers, studies with incorrect designs or populations, and animal studies, 27 articles were selected for data extract
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused and is still causing significant mortality and economic consequences all over the globe. As of today, there are three U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) approved vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. Also, the antiviral drug remdesivir and two combinations of monoclonal antibodies are authorized for Emergency use (EUA) in certain patients. Furthermore, baricitinib was approved in Japan (April 23, 2021). Despite available vaccines and EUA, pharmacological therapy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 i
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BACKGROUND: Patients with metastatic hepatoblastoma are treated with severely toxic first-line chemotherapies in combination with surgery. Yet, inadequate response of lung metastases to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy still compromises patient outcomes making new treatment strategies, tailored to more efficient lung clearance, mandatory. METHODS: We harnessed a comprehensive patient-derived xenograft platform and a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays to establish the preclinical and biological rationale for a new drug for patients with metastatic hepatoblastoma. RESULTS: The testing of a librar
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Exosomal circular RNA (circRNAs) are pivotal in cancer biology, and tumor pathophysiology. These stable, non-coding RNAs encapsulated in exosomes participated in cancer progression, tumor growth, metastasis, drug sensitivity and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their presence in bodily fluids positions them as potential non-invasive biomarkers, revealing the molecular dynamics of cancers. Research in exosomal circRNAs is reshaping our understanding of neoplastic intercellular communication. Exploiting the natural properties of exosomes for targeted drug delivery and disrupting circRNA-mediate
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To identify molecular markers that can accurately predict aggressive tumor behavior at the time of surgery, a propensity-matching score analysis of archived specimens yielded two similar datasets of DTC patients (with and without RAI). Bioinformatically selected microRNAs were quantified by qRT-PCR. The risk score was generated using Cox regression and assessed using ROC, C-statistic, and Brier-score. A predictive Bayesian nomogram was established. External validation was performed, and causal network analysis was generated. Within the eight-year follow-up period, progression was reported in 5
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Chemoresistance has been a major obstacle to the efficient treatment of cancer. Recently, targeting lipid metabolism has gained significant attention because of its roles not only in promoting cancer progression but also in inducing chemotherapy resistance. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the sole enzyme that is in charge of catalyzing the synthesis of palmitate, a long-chain lipid that is essential for membrane construction and post-translational modification in cell biology. Both FAS and its product, palmitate, have been validated as critical players in mediating or causing chemoresistance in c
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Genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering, offering unprecedented opportunities for therapeutic applications in vivo. Despite the numerous ongoing clinical trials focusing on ex vivo genome editing, recent studies emphasize the therapeutic promise of in vivo gene editing using CRISPR/Cas technology. However, it is worth noting that the complete attainment of the inherent capabilities of in vivo therapy in humans is yet to be accomplished. Before the full realization of in vivo therapeutic potential, it is crucial to achieve enhanced specific
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Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer and cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. It exhibits a recurrence/metastasis rate of approximately 30% and a dismal 5-year survival of only 17% in metastatic cases. Despite significant advancements in surgical techniques, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapies, effective treatment options for metastatic cervical cancer remain limited. This study explored Polyphyllin I (PPI), which is a monomeric compound derived from the Rhizoma of Paris Polyphyllin, as a potential inhibitor of cervical cancer metastasis. Mechanist
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Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a pivotal delivery tool in clinical gene therapy owing to its minimal pathogenicity and ability to establish long-term gene expression in different tissues. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) has been engineered for enhanced specificity and developed as a tool for treating various diseases. However, as rAAV is being more widely used as a therapy, the increased demand has created challenges for the existing manufacturing methods. Seven rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regulatory approval, but there continue to be concerns about safely using high-dos
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The development of techniques and immunotherapies are widely applied in cancer treatment such as checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines apart from radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy give enduring anti-tumor effects. Minority people utilize single-agent immunotherapy, and most people adopt multiple-agent immunotherapy. The difficulties are resolved by including the biomarkers to choose the non-responders’ and responders’ potentials. The possibility of the potential complications and side effects are examined to improve cancer therapy effects. The Head and Ne
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