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Time trends (2010-2020) in skinfolds thickness in children and adolescents, with different BMI status, from Kraków (Poland).

Objectives: To analyse secular changes (2010-2020) in skinfold thickness in children and adolescents in different BMI categories. Methods: The study group consisted of 3-16-year olds included in two cross-sectional studies. Measurements included height, weight and 5 skinfolds. The Body Mass Index was used to categorize participants into low (underweight), normal or excess (overweight and obesity) weight groups based on IOTF cut-off points. Differences of skinfold thicknesses between both cohorts, within each of the weight status categories, were assessed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.

Genome-Wide and Abdominal MRI Data Provide Evidence That a Genetically Determined Favorable Adiposity Phenotype Is Characterized by Lower Ectopic Liver Fat and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Hypertension.

Recent genetic studies have identified alleles associated with opposite effects on adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identi … dividuals also had higher subcutaneous fat but lower liver fat and a lower visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. Individual alleles associated with higher body fat % but lower liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes included those in PPARG, GRB14, and IRS1, whereas the allele in ANKRD55 was paradoxically associated with higher visceral fat but lower …

Changes in Abdominal Adiposity and Associations With Metabolic Health Markers Following Tirzepatide in Japanese Participants With Obesity Disease: Results From the SURMOUNT-J Study.

OBJECTIVES: This analysis characterized obesity-related outcomes in SURMOUNT-J and explored relationships among weight loss, abdominal adiposity, and metabolic improvements. METHODS: Japanese adults with obesity disease without diabetes were randomized (1:1:1) to tirzepatide (10 or 15 mg) or placebo plus lifestyle modification. Prespecified analyses evaluated changes from baseline to week 72 in obesity and glycemic parameters. Post hoc analyses assessed correlations among changes in weight, anthropometrics, abdominal adiposity (visceral adipose tissue [VAT], subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT],…

Regional fat pad growth and cellularity in obese zucker rats: modulation by caloric restriction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in young obese male Zucker rats, the effects of chronic food restriction and subsequent refeeding on: 1). paramet … se and OR rats and was significantly higher than that of lean rats. The limitation in growth of the adipose tissue mass in OR rats was due mostly to suppression of fat cell proliferation because the mean FCV in each of the four depots was not affected. Serum leptin levels of OR and obese rats were not different from each other but were significantly higher than …

BATokines in metabolic liver disease: good cops or bad cops?

The systemic regulation of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease remains poorly understood. In this issue, Hsiao et al (2024) identify PCPE-1 as a brown-adipose tissue-derived mediator of hepatic fibrosis, integrating context-dependent ER stress-signaling.

Orthobiologics: Injectable Treatments for Knee Osteoarthritis.

Autologous therapies with intra-articular orthobiologic approaches have been introduced to address knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Among these, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and cell-based injectable therapies obtained from bone marrow or adipose tissue are gaining a significant interest in the clinical practice. PRP is currently showing the highest support, in terms of overall number of data, superiority in comparative trials, and some support from scientific societies. On the other hand, bone marrow concentrates are currently the most used approach for subchondral bone injections, and adipos…

Stromal Vascular Fraction and its Role in the Management of Alopecia: A Review.

Adipose cells organized in small clusters under the reticular dermis closely interact with hair follicular cells and regulate the hair cycle … d to alopecia. In this review, we discuss the potential influence of stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue in the management of alopecia as well as its involvement in preclinical and clinical trials.

The potential of adipose-derived stem cells in craniofacial repair and regeneration.

The recent identification of a mesenchymal stem cell population in adipose tissue has led to an abundance of research focused on the regenerative properties of these cells. As such, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and potential therapies in craniofacial regeneration have been widely studied. This review will discuss the identification and potential of ASCs, and specifically, preclinical and clinical studies using ASCs in craniofacial repair. Studies involving ASCs in the repair of defects caused by craniosynostosis and Treacher Collins syndrome will be discussed. A comprehensive review of th…

What have we learned form monogenic forms of severe insulin resistance associated with PCOS/HAIRAN?

Whatever the origin of severe insulin resistance (primary insulin receptors defects or lipodystrophies), in vivo hyperinsulinemia has been clearly shown to promote ovarian growth and androgen synthesis independently of gonadotropins. In lipodystrophic syndromes, the endocrine deficiency of adipose tissue has been shown to play important pathophysiological roles in metabolic alterations. In particular leptin is decreased, contributing to the ectopic lipid storage in non-adipose cells, which inhibits insulin signalling (lipotoxicity). Finally, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) features are not al…

Sporadic multiple lipomatosis: a case report and review of the literature.

The finding of multiple lipomas, or lipomatosis, can be a marker for several clinical or familial syndromes. Familial multiple lipomatosis is a benign hereditary disorder of adipose regulation associated with hyperlipidemia. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis involves the local infiltration of adipose tissue of the neck, upper torso and mediastinum. This condition is often found in alcoholics and has been associated with diabetes mellitus. An afflicted patient's family history is important both to reveal occult pathology and to help determine the disease's prevalence in the population. In this art…

Liver androgen receptor knockout protects female mice from high fat diet-induced insulin resistance.

High-fat diet (HFD) feeding induces reduced insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation with notable sex- and tissue-specific variability, yet the contribution of hepatic androgen receptor (AR) signaling to these effects remains unclear. To investigate the role of hepatic AR in metabolic regulation under dietary stress, liver-specific AR knockout (LivARKO) and wild-type (WT) mice of both sexes were fed control or HFD diets for up to 3 months. HFD impaired insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation across liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue in WT mice. In females, LivARKO preserved hepatic …

Perihepatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma mimicking IgG4-related disease.

BACKGROUND: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) may originate in perihepatic adipose tissue, but can radiologically present as a hepatic mass. Moreover, dense Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cell infiltration may mimic IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and delay curative-intent resection. We herein describe a unique case that exemplifies this diagnostic pitfall. CASE PRESENTATION: A 67-year-old woman was incidentally found to harbor a hepatic mass in segment 6 along with small mesenteric nodules. Cross-sectional imaging showed heterogeneous non-fat containing lesions, while needle biop…

Многофункциональное использование стволовых клеток на кишечнике: от скамейки до кровати.

Адипозированные стволовые клетки (ADSC) представляют собой конкретный тип мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСЦ), которые легко получают из жировой ткани (AT). По сравнению с КБК АДСК легче получить, иметь меньше этических проблем и иметь более высокую способность к размножению, что делает их перспективным типом стволовых клеток в регенеративной медицине. АДСЦ обладают впечатляющими возможностями в плане регенерации клеток, а также дифференциации, что делает их перспективными кандидатами на восстановление травматизма, регенерацию тканей и смягчение последствий возгорания тканей. В настоящее вре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a specific type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained easily from adipose tissue (AT). Compared with MSCs, ADSCs are easier to obtain, have fewer ethical issues, and have a higher proliferative capacity, which makes them a promising type of stem cell in regenerative medicine. ADSCs possess impressive capabilities in…

Nesfatin-1 as a crucial mediator of glucose homeostasis in the reptile, Hemidactylus flaviviridis.

Nesfatin-1 is a crucial regulator of energy homeostasis in mammals and fishes, however, its metabolic role remains completely unexplored in … atin-1, and lipolytic markers, adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl) and monoglyceride lipase (mgl) in adipose tissue implicate nesfatin-1 in lipolysis which is substantiated by nesfatin-1-mediated direct upregulation of atgl and mgl. Our study provides the first comprehensive overview of tissue-dependent role of nesfatin-1 in regulating energy homeostasis in a rep …

Segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric duct in a New Zealand white rabbit and a review of the literature.

In females, the paramesonephric (syn: Müllerian) duct gives rise to the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina. Segmental uterine aplasia resulting from a paramesonephric duct abnormality has been reported in a range of species including bovids, canids, felids, equids, camelids, and lagomorphs. Here we document segmental aplasia of the left paramesonephric duct in a New Zealand white rabbit. The proximal 70 mm of the left uterine tube was present and terminated in adipose tissue. A 10 × 2 × 1-mm tag of cream tissue was present and was composed of sheets of adipose tissue and str…

Lipedema: What we don't know.

BACKGROUND: Lipedema is a loose connective tissue disease characterized by a disproportionate accumulation of adipose tissue in the limbs of women. Despite its incidence of 10-20%, lipedema is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to outline current, available evidence regarding this enigmatic syndrome and gives a synopsis of the subjects that are still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and Embase searches were conducted to identify relevant articles on lipedema pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. RESULTS: Lipedema can be cons…

Bone Mineral Density in Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy: The Role of Bone Marrow Tissue, Adipokines, and Insulin Resistance.

Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare syndrome characterized by the almost total absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue due to the inability of storing lipid in adipocytes. Patients present generalized lack of subcutaneous fat and normal to low weight. They evolve with severe metabolic disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, early cardiac abnormalities, and infectious complications. Although low body weight is a known risk factor for osteoporosis, it has been reported that type 1 and 2 CGL have a tendency of high bone mineral density (BMD). In this review, we discuss the r…

Mouse tail models of secondary lymphedema: fibrosis gradually worsens and is irreversible.

Although the mouse tail model of secondary lymphedema has been widely used in research, our knowledge regarding some of the characteristic changes in this model is lacking. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify pathologic changes after surgery. Tail lymphedema was created in C57BL/6J mice by disconnecting both superficial and deep lymphatic vessels. The surgery resulted in chronic edema formation with the proliferation of subcutaneous adipose tissue, deposition of fibrotic tissue, and gradual increase in CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration. Furthermore, dramatic expansion and an inc…

Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma presenting as a chin nodule in a 15-year-old male.

Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH), also known as congenital midline hamartoma and striated muscle hamartoma, is a rare congenital … xamination of the excised lesion revealed a haphazard proliferation of striated muscle admixed with adipose tissue and adnexal structures within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, consistent with a diagnosis of RMH. While the majority of reported cases are of newborns or children under 3 years of age, RMH may not come to clinical attention until later in life. …

Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adipogenic Differentiation in Obesity: The Inhibitory Effect of Theobromine in a Model of Human Obesity In Vitro.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is considered a clinic condition characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The role of macrophages and adipocytokines in adipose tissue inflammation is in growing investigation. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in inflammatory state in obesity are not fully understood though the adipocytokines seem to characterize the biochemical link between obesity and inflammation. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of theobromine, a methylxanthine present in the cocoa, on adipogenesis and on proinflammatory cytokines evaluated in a model of fat tiss…