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Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in the Setting of Acute Clostridium difficile Colitis.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. HUS can be secondary to multiple etiologies such as infections, medications, and immune processes. A rare, yet significant, etiology of HUS includes acute Clostridium difficile colitis. Here, we present a case of atypical HUS secondary to acute C. difficile colitis, successfully treated with hemodialysis and systemic corticosteroids. It is imperative that clinicians are cognizant of C. difficile-associated HUS given the overall rising incidence of acute C. difficile

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… The new classification was developed based on the pathophysiology and precipitating factors [ 8 ]; hereditary causes include complement gene mutations and cobalamin C deficiency. Acquired causes involve autoantibodies to complement factors, drug-induced, and infection. …

To Bleed or Not to Bleed.

The location of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding can be characterized based on the characteristics of the bowel movements these patients present with. Bright red blood per rectum is usually associated with a lower bleed; if brisk and significant enough, however, upper bleeds can present similarly. Melenic or "tar-colored" bowel movements are more likely to occur from upper bleeds as the color is secondary to digestion of hemoglobin as it passes through the GI tract. At times, there can be a mix of the two which can make a clinical decision for intervention less obvious. To make matters more diff

Probing mechanisms and improving management of glaucoma following Boston keratoprosthesis surgery.

Corneal blindness is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. The most common treatment is to replace the diseased cornea by standard corneal transplantation. In eyes at high risk of graft failure, the Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 (KPro) can be used to restore vision and is currently the most frequently used artificial cornea in the world. However, glaucoma is a well-known complication of KPro surgery and is the most important threat to vision in KPro-implanted eyes (paper I). This chronic disease is influenced by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and damages the optic nerve, leadin

Polymeric micelles loaded with carfilzomib increase tolerability in a humanized bone marrow-like scaffold mouse model.

Carfilzomib-loaded polymeric micelles (CFZ-PM) based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-2-benzoyloxypropyl methacrylamide) (mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz)) were prepared with the aim to improve the maximum tolerated dose of carfilzomib in a "humanized" bone marrow-like scaffold model. For this, CFZ-PM were prepared and characterized for their size, carfilzomib loading and cytotoxicity towards multiple myeloma cells. Further, circulation and tumor & tissue distribution of fluorescently labeled micelles were determined. Tolerability of CFZ-PM versus the clinical approved formulation - Kyprolis® - was assessed

Activin Receptor-Ligand Trap for the Treatment of β-thalassemia: A Serendipitous Discovery.

β-thalassemia is a hereditary disorder caused by defective production of β-globin chains of hemoglobin (Hb) that leads to an increased α/β globins ratio with subsequent free α-globins. Alpha globin excess causes oxidative stress, red blood cells membrane damage, premature death of late-stage erythroid precursors, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling acts on biological processes, such as cell quiescence, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and plays an essential role in regulating the hematopoiesis. This pa

Chemotherapy-induced acute kidney injury: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches.

Despite significant advancements in oncology, conventional chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for diverse malignancies. Acute kidney injury (AKI) stands out as one of the most prevalent and severe adverse effects associated with these cytotoxic agents. While platinum compounds are well-known for their nephrotoxic potential, other drugs including antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and antitumor antibiotics are also associated. The onset of AKI poses substantial risks, including heightened morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, treatment interruptions, and the need for

Recent advances in use of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, immunoglobulins, and clotting factors for transfusion support in patients with hematologic disease.

Hematologic diseases include a broad range of acquired and congenital disorders, many of which affect plasma proteins that control hemostasis and immune responses. Therapeutic interventions for these disorders include transfusion of plasma, cryoprecipitate, immunoglobulins, or convalescent plasma-containing therapeutic antibodies from patients recovering from infectious diseases, as well as concentrated pro- or anticoagulant factors. This review will focus on recent advances in the uses of plasma and its derivatives for patients with acquired and congenital hematologic disorders.

Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Bone Biomarker Detection and Therapeutic Applications.

This review explores the application of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in detecting bone turnover biomarkers and advancing osteogenic treatment strategies. MIPs, designed to mimic biological recognition sites, offer innovative solutions for precise molecular recognition in bone health management. Chemical methodologies for MIPs synthesis and their integration into diagnostic systems for detecting bone resorption markers are highlighted. Furthermore, MIP-driven therapeutic advancements, including controlled drug release, cell imprinting for osteogenic differentiation, and functional scaf

Clinical Manifestations, Treatment Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (iTTP) in a Real-World Setting: An Interim Analysis of the Turkish iTTP Registry

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of patients with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) across Türkiye via an interim analysis of the Turkish iTTP Registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 215 patients with iTTP (median age at diagnosis: 41 years; 58.6% female) diagnosed between 2001 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed in the interim analysis of a prospective non-interventional observational multicenter iTTP registry study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05950750) conducted at 19 tertiary hema

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… In addition to the leading role of infections within 3 weeks before the diagnosis (15%) as a precipitating factor, nearly 17% of our patients also presented with upper respiratory tract infection or a flu-like syndrome at the time of the initial diagnosis. … Conclusion This registry study has demonstrated that iTTP patients are mainly younger with a slight female preponderance, with a higher prevalence of constitutional/systemic and neurological manifestations and with precipitating factors including mainly infections, medications, and pregnancy/postpartum …

Malnutrition-related hyperammonemic encephalopathy presenting with burst suppression: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Hyperammonemia is a common cause of metabolic encephalopathy, mainly related to hepatic cirrhosis. Numerous nonhepatic etiologies exist but they are infrequent and not well known, thus, leading to misdiagnosis and inadequate care. Electroencephalography has a proven diagnostic and prognostic role in comatose patients. Burst suppression is a preterminal pattern found in deep coma states and is rarely associated with metabolic causes. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of an 81-year-old Caucasian man presenting with rapidly progressive somnolence and mutism. Soon after his arriva

Pregabalin-associated myoclonic encephalopathy without evidence of drug accumulation in a patient with acute renal failure.

Pregabalin, used for treating partial epilepsy and neuropathic pain, is usually well tolerated. Patients with impaired renal function are at risk to develop more serious adverse events. A 64-year-old woman was admitted in the Emergency Department for altered consciousness and abnormal movements. She recently started to take pregabalin (150 mg/day) for neuropathic pain. The drug was withdrawn 36 h before hospitalization following worsening of neurological symptoms. At physical examination, myoclonus was noted as main finding in the limbs and head, with encephalopathy. Laboratory investigations

Новые клеточные модели для изучения взаимодействия Мьелин и Микроглиа.

Множественный склероз (MS) характеризуется обезвоживанием и нейроинфламмацией, при этом окислительный стресс играет ключевую роль в патологии поражения. Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении дифференциальной реакции клеток на миелиновый мусор в различных окислительных состояниях. Окисление Myelin было вызвано с помощью системы Cuperoxid, что подтверждается повышенными уровнями TBARS и автофлюоресценцией. Из-за воздействия миелина на жизнеспособность микроглии BV-2 так и не была затронута. Однако окисленный миелин значительно изменил маркеры окислительного стресса, автофагию и метаболи

Hypocalcaemia in patients with prostate cancer treated with a bisphosphonate or denosumab: prevention supports treatment completion.

BackgroundMost patients with advanced prostate cancer develop bone metastases, which often result in painful and debilitating skeletal-related events. Inhibitors of bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, can each reduce the incidence of skeletal-related events and delay the progression of bone pain. However, these agents are associated with an increased risk of hypocalcaemia, which, although often mild and transient, can be serious and life-threatening. Here we provide practical advice on managing the risk of hypocalcaemia in patients with advanced prostate cancer who are rece

From Eruptive Xanthoma to Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical Warning and Implications of Rapid Disease Progression.

Xanthoma is a common cutaneous manifestation typically associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, particularly hyperlipidemia. Both hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are significant components of metabolic syndrome and can elevate the risk of pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis is a serious inflammatory disease that can be life-threatening and may be triggered by various factors, including hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, there appears to be a potential link between xanthoma, hyperlipidemia, and acute pancreatitis, which seem to be distinct diseases. By analyzing the diagnostic and treatment process

Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) Doped with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IO), miR-21 and miR-124 Under Magnetic Field Conditions Modulates Osteoblast Viability, Reduces Inflammation and Inhibits the Growth of Osteoclast - A Novel Concept for Osteoporosis Treatment: Part 1.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis results in a severe decrease in the life quality of many people worldwide. The latest data shows that the number of osteoporotic fractures is becoming an increasing international health service problem. Therefore, a new kind of controllable treatment methods for osteoporotic fractures is extensively desired. For that reason, we have manufactured and evaluated nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp)-based composite co-doped with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles. The biomaterial was used as a matrix for the controlled delivery of miR-21-5p and miR-124-3p, which have a proven impact on bone

Guarding the heart in the era of immunotherapies: insights for cardio-oncology practice.

The advent of cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapies, and bispecific antibodies and other immune-activating platforms such as therapeutic vaccines and oncolytic viruses (often used in combination regimens) has revolutionized oncology by improving patient outcomes across diverse malignancies. However, these therapies are increasingly linked to cardiovascular toxicities such as myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure, posing significant clinical challenges. Here we review current evidence on the mechanisms, clini

Экстренные ситуации в гематологии: Почему, когда и как я лечусь?

Гематологические чрезвычайные ситуации являются критическими медицинскими условиями, требующими неотложного внимания в силу их быстрого развития и опасного для жизни характера. В качестве примера можно привести гиперкальцемию, которая часто ассоциируется с раком, таким как множественная миелома, что может привести к серьезной неврологической и сердечной дисфункции. Гиперлейкоцитоз, распространенный в острой миэлоидной лейкемии, повышает риск лейкостаза и многоорганического отказа. Кислородный кризис, обычное осложнение серповидноклеточной болезни, является результатом вазооккуляции, приводящей

Тип перегонки 1 диабет через ось эндоканнабиноидома-микробиота: системная биологическая перспектива.

Тип 1 диабет (T1D) давно признан аутоиммунным заболеванием на основе Т. Вместе с тем все больше фактов свидетельствует об участии в его развитии факторов, связанных с метаболизмом, подстрекательством и кишечной микробиотой. Эндоканнабиноидная система (ЭКС), являющаяся одним из ключевых регуляторов иммунного и метаболического гомеостаза, все чаще привлекается к аутоиммунной патофизиологии, в частности благодаря ее взаимодействию с кишечными метаболитами. В этой гипотетической статье подчеркивается необходимость пересмотра патофизиологии Т1D путем интеграции дисфункции ЭКС, кишечного дисбиоза и

Clinical practice guidelines on addressing cognitive impairment in treatable dementias.

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Influenza-Associated Cardiac Manifestations: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Background: Influenza is primarily a respiratory illness, but it is increasingly linked to acute cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis and sudden cardiac death. Evidence on influenza-associated cardiac involvement remains fragmented and largely derived from case-based reports. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251249130). PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible studies. Case reports and case series were included to characterize rare, severe, or atypical cardiac manifestations that are n