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Ultrasound, CT, MRI, or PET-CT for staging and re-staging of adults with cutaneous melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with the potential to metastasise to other parts of the body via th … determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound or PET-CT for detection of nodal metastases before sentinel lymph node biopsy in adults with confirmed cutaneous invasive melanoma; and• to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, CT, MRI, or PET-CT for whole body imaging in adults with cutaneous invasive melanoma:○ for detection of any metastasis in adults wi …

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment.

BACKGROUND: Surgery is a common treatment option in oral cavity cancer (and less frequently in oropharyngeal cancer) to remove the primary tumour and sometimes neck lymph nodes. People with early-stage disease may undergo surgery alone or surgery plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy/biotherapy, or a combination of these. Timing and extent of surgery varies. This is the third update of a review originally published in 2007. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative benefits and harms of different surgical treatment modalities for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. SEARCH METHODS: We

Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab prolongs progression-free and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma and recurrence-free survival … newly diagnosed, completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (TNM stage T3b or T4 with a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy) were recruited. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1), in blocks of four and stratified by T-category (3b, 4a, and 4b) and paediatric status (age 12-17 years vs ≥18 years), using an interactive response technology system to intraven …

Гистологическая оценка образцов гистерэктомии после эндометрической абляции в Новосере у пациентов с нетипичной эндомией гиперплазии или эндометрической карциномой.

ОКРУЖАЮЩАЯ СРЕДА: Для пациентов с тяжелым менструальным кровотечением (HMB) разрешается лечение с помощью эндомеальной абляции " Новасуре " без признаков злокачественных или предмалярных повреждений. В этом анализе рассматривается редкая, но клинически значимая ситуация, в которой эндометричная карцинома (ЭК) или атипичная гиперплазия (АЭГ) выявляется гистологически после эндомеальной абляции у доменопаузальных пациентов. ЦЕЛЬ: гистологическая оценка образцов гистерэктомии с корреляцией с клиническими параметрами у пациентов, страдающих гистерэктомией после случайного гистологическог

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… All patients with carcinoma underwent guideline-based oncological treatment, including hysterectomy combined with either sentinel lymph-node biopsy or pelvic lymphadenectomy. … Adequate intraoperative detection of the sentinel lymph nodes was achieved in all 3 EC cases, and sentinel lymph-node biopsy was, therefore, performed in accordance with guideline-based surgical management. …

Lymph node metastasis in cancer progression: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance and therapeutic interventions.

Lymph nodes (LNs) are important hubs for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites through a series of mechanisms, and it has been proved that lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an essential prognostic indicator in many different types of cancer. Therefore, it is important for oncologists to understand the mechanisms of tumor cells to metastasize to LNs, as well as how LNM affects the prognosis and therapy of patients with cancer in order to provide patients with accurate disease assessment and effective treatment strategies. In recent years

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… lymph nodes (SLN), ultimately supporting metastatic tumor spread. … USPIO, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide; LN lymph node, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, NIR near-infrared, LNM lymph node metastasis, SLN sentinel lymph node Several tumor-specific antigen-based targeting strategies have been developed for LNM detection to date. …

Merkel cell carcinoma and the challenge in its approach: a review based on a clinical context of immunosuppression.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine cancer with high rate to local relapse and metastasis. Its connection to immunosuppression is well known, with reported association to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The authors present an 87-year-old woman, infected by HIV type 2 at advanced stage of the disease, whom presented a painless papule on left cheek in 2011. After its total excision, the histopathology confirmed MCC "in situ," with no regional or distant metastases. Simultaneously, she revealed a viral load of 2220 copies/mL and 224 CD4/mm3. Five months later,

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… On clinical examination, it was not obvious lymph node disease and patient did not undergo into sentinel lymph node biopsy. Staging procedures were performed by thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan without evidence of regional or distant disease. … Before definitive excision, a sentinel lymph node evaluation should be performed to exclude microscopic disease, particularly if there is no clinical suspicion of lymph node disease. In the presence of lymph node disease, its radiation or dissection should be done. …

Long-term stabilization of metastatic melanoma with sodium dichloroacetate.

Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) has been studied as a metabolic cancer therapy since 2007, based on a publication from Bonnet et al demonstrating that DCA can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human breast, lung and brain cancer cells. Classically, the response of cancer to a medical therapy in human research is measured by Response Evaluation Criterial for Solid Tumours definitions, which define "response" by the degree of tumour reduction, or tumour disappearance on imaging, however disease stabilization is also a beneficial clinical outcome. It has been shown that DCA can function as

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as a Novel Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are multifaceted immune cells with a wide range of innate and adaptive immunological functions. They constitute the first line of defence against multiple viral infections and have also been reported to actively participate in antitumor immune responses. The clinical implication of the presence of pDCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still ambiguous, but it is clear that pDCs possess the ability to modulate tumor-specific T cell responses and direct cytotoxic functions. Therapeutic strategies designed to exploit these qualities of pDCs to boost tumor-

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… Along the same line, the increased expression of the costimulatory molecules CD83 and CD40 has been documented in pDCs from the sentinel lymph node (SLN) of stage I/II melanoma patients treated with CpG-B alone or in combination with GM-CSF [ 70 ]. … Intradermal CpG-B activates both plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells in the sentinel lymph node of melanoma patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007;13:2961–2969. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0050. 69. …

Keyword Index for Volume 105

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Perspectives in Melanoma: meeting report from the Melanoma Bridge (December 1st-3rd, 2022-Naples, Italy).

Outcomes for patients with melanoma have improved over the past decade with the clinical development and approval of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Combinations of these checkpoint therapies with other agents are now being explored to improve outcomes and enhance benefit-risk profiles of treatment. Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy, such as lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), as have se

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… Another platform, DecisionDX, is a validated 31-GEP test to identify the risk of recurrence or metastasis including the likelihood of sentinel lymph node positivity for patients with stage I–III melanoma. … The DecisionDx-GEP is now combined with patient clinicopathologic (CP) factors to further individualize prediction of risk of recurrence and sentinel lymph node biopsy positivity. …

Future perspectives in melanoma research: meeting report from the "Melanoma Bridge", Napoli, December 5th-8th 2013.

The fourth "Melanoma Bridge Meeting" took place in Naples, December 5 to 8th, 2013. The four topics discussed at this meeting were: Diagnosis and New Procedures, Molecular Advances and Combination Therapies, News in Immunotherapy, and Tumor Microenvironment and Biomarkers.

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… The technique of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy has revolutionized the staging of melanoma [ 31 ]. … High levels of survivin in sentinel lymph nodes also indicated poor prognosis as high Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL may confer poor response to chemotherapy. …

Malignant Melanoma Bone Metastasis With Unknown Primary Site: A Case Report and Literature Review.

IntroductionCases of malignant melanoma first identified in bone are relatively uncommon. Approximately 4.3% of the patients will have metastasis, among which 23% will have metastasis to the bone.Case presentationThis article presents a case involving malignant melanoma with a metastatic lesion located at the distal femur, which was the initial symptom observed. The patient was a 21-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital due to intermittent pain in his lower left thigh. Imaging studies indicated bone destruction in the distal left femur, and pathological and immunohistochemical confirm

Amelanotic Melanoma Presenting with Plasmacytoid Morphology and BRAF V600 Mutation.

Plasmacytoid melanoma is an unusual variant of malignant melanoma. The plasmacytoid morphology can be found in a variety of other malignancies including carcinomas, plasma cell neoplasms, lymphoproliferative disorders, and sarcomas. The authors report a rare case of plasmacytoid amelanotic malignant melanoma in a 78-year-old man presenting with an enlarging palpable, erythematous mass on his left posterior shoulder. A fine needle aspirate showed atypical findings with single amelanotic cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, mono- and multi-nucleation with prominent nucleoli and intranuc

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… A subsequent wide local excision and sentinel lymph node excision revealed a focal positive deep margin, satellite/in transit metastasis ( Figure 2 ), and negative lymph node. The patient underwent 2 weeks of adjuvant radiotherapy to the excision site for management of the positive surgical margin. …

Conference report: Introducing oncology to undergraduate medical and allied health sciences students: reflections from 2nd ecancer TMC Oncology Congress 2023 at Kolkata, India.

Despite the high cancer burden in low-middle-income-countries, medical students often have inadequate exposure to oncology. This may contribute to reduced interest in pursuing training in the field. The second ecancer TMC Oncology Congress at Kolkata on 30th September and 1st October 2023 was planned primarily to introduce undergraduate medical and allied health science students to oncology. There were separate sessions on breast cancer, thyroid cancer, myeloma and research methods so that students get exposure to a wide range of topics. Multi-disciplinary case-based discussions on common clin

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… Axillary management in breast cancer This talk by Dr Sanjit Kumar Agrawal, Senior consultant, Breast Oncosurgery, TMC, Kolkata, India discussed in detail about the importance of axilla preservation in non-screened breast cancer patients by offering sentinel lymph node biopsy to all eligible patients … The 3rd prize winner was Dr Akella Phanendra from Indo-American Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad, India, who presented his findings from a research study by his team titled ‘Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy In Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients’ All seven research presentations were of excellent quality …

СНМИКОН 2024 Резюме

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Primary Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Cases in Poland.

IntroductionMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine cancer that typically arises in sun-exposed areas of the skin, especially in the elderly. Significant advances have recently been made regarding skin cancers, but data on cases of MCC are rather limited as these patients are frequently grouped together with other non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Here, we performed an analysis of the clinical profile of patients with MCC in Poland to identify major factors influencing the prognosis.MethodsApproximately 13,000 pathology and medical records were examined to id

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… Fig. 3 Characteristics of the management of patients with lymph node involvement Among 23 patients with MCC and no clinical signs of nodal disease undergoing wide local excision, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was performed in 14, while nodal observation alone was advised in nine patients. … In those cases, wide excision with at least 1–2 cm margin and sentinel lymph node biopsy are recommended with possible addition of adjuvant radiotherapy. …

Keyword Index for Volume 107

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Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) as a New Tool for the Management of Vulva Cancer and Vulvar Premalignant Lesions in Gynaecological Oncology.

Vulvar cancer (VC) is a specific form of malignancy accounting for 5-6% of all gynaecologic malignancies. Although VC occurs most commonly in women after 60 years of age, disease incidence has risen progressively in premenopausal women in recent decades. VC demonstrates particular features requiring well-adapted therapeutic approaches to avoid potential treatment-related complications. Significant improvements in disease-free survival and overall survival rates for patients diagnosed with post-stage I disease have been achieved by implementing a combination therapy consisting of radical surgic

Keyword Index for Volume 106

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ESR Essentials: staging and restaging with FDG-PET/CT in oncology-practice recommendations by the European Society for Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging.

Positron emission tomography (PET) stands as the paramount clinical molecular imaging modality, especially in oncology. Unlike conventional anatomical-morphological imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET provides detailed visualizations of internal activity at the molecular and cellular levels. 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-PET combined with contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) significantly improves the detection of various cancers. Appropriate patient selection is crucial, and physicians should carefully assess the appropriateness of [18

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… Due to its limited sensitivity in detecting early axillary lymph node disease and micro metastases, [ 18 F]FDG-PET/CT cannot replace sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for staging. … lymph node biopsy Union for International Cancer Control This article belongs to the ESR Essentials series guest edited by Marc Dewey (Berlin/Germany). …