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Neurologic adverse events of cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy encompasses a wide range of treatment modalities that harness the anti-tumor effects of the immune system and have revolutionized oncological treatment in recent years, with approval for its use in more and more cancers. However, it is not without side effects. Several neurological adverse events have been recognized associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, the two main classes of cancer immunotherapy. With the increase in the prevalence of oncological diseases and this type of therapy, it is improbable that neu

Pathogenetic Mechanisms Linking Sarcoidosis to Lymphoma.

Sarcoidosis and lymphoma share immunopathological characteristics that suggest a complex, interconnected relationship. This article examines the multi-faceted mechanisms linking sarcoidosis to lymphoma, a phenomenon called sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome (SLS). SLS is hard to diagnose, requiring distinct criteria and imaging to differentiate overlapping features and histological differences. The co-occurrence of these diseases may be explained by genetic predispositions, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors that enhance malignancy risk. In active sarcoidosis, chronic inflammation and

Potential drug development and therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention in COVID-19.

While the vaccination is now available to many countries and will slowly dissipate to others, effective therapeutics for COVID-19 is still illusive. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to researchers, scientists, and clinicians and affected the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a multitude of existing anti-viral, antibiotic, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs have been tested, and some have shown potency in the treatment and management of COVID-19, albeit others failed to leave any positive impact and a few also became cont

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… It is to be noted that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with acute lung injury and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting pro-inflammatory agents such as chemokines and cytokines may reduce adverse inflammatory responses [142] . …

Асептический менингит, вызванный моноклональными антителами, используемыми для лечения рака: систематический обзор.

Фон и цель Monoclonal антитела (MAbs) революционизировали лечение рака, но связаны с целым спектром неблагоприятных явлений, включая неврологические осложнения. Понимание механизма и управления осложнениями имеет решающее значение для оптимизации ухода за пациентами. Цель настоящего систематического обзора заключалась в выявлении сообщений о случаях использования МБО для лечения рака, которые привели к появлению асептического менингита (АМ). 2024 (обновлено в мае) 2025). Для оценки качества тематических исследований использовался контрольный перечень критических оценок Института Джоанны Бриггс

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies related to immune effector cell-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome: Diagnosis, high-risk factors, and management.

AbstractImmune effector cell-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome (IEC-HS) is a life-threatening complication of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. Despite its high mortality rate, IEC-HS remains underrecognized due to overlapping clinical and laboratory features with severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS), leading to delayed diagnosis and suboptimal management. This review systematically analyzes key strategies to distinguish IEC-HS from severe CRS in the literature. The analysis focuses on temporal patterns, such as the delayed onset of IEC-HS after CAR-

Leukemias in the Context of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Shared Pathways and Clinical Perspectives.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, progressive joint destruction, and increased risk of malignancies, particularly hematological cancers such as leukemias. RA patients appear to have a higher incidence of leukemias, suggesting a possible association between the two conditions. This association is driven by shared pathogenic mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and genetic predispositions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), play a crucial ro

Adoptive cell therapy and cytokine release syndrome

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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Myeloid Malignancies.

Myeloid malignancies arise from an altered hematopoietic stem cell and mainly comprise acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative malignancies, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Myeloid neoplastic leukemic cells may influence the growth and differentiation of other hematopoietic cell lineages in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display immunoregulatory properties by controlling the innate and adaptive immune systems that may induce a tolerant and supportive microenvironment for neoplasm

Cellular therapies for rheumatic disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cellular therapies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified lymphocytes, have progressed from experimental oncology into serious consideration for selected autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autologous and emerging allogeneic CAR-T platforms now offer the possibility of deep, drug-free remission in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and related conditions for which conventional therapies remain inadequate. This timely article reviews the rationale, current clinical experience, safety profile, and

The microbiota-gut-brain-axis theory: role of gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) in gastrointestinal, neurological, and mental health disorders.

The modulation of gut microbiota presents promising therapeutic possibilities for various health conditions, ranging from gastrointestinal infections to neurodegenerative and mental health disorders. Among the available interventions, gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) such as probiotics and prebiotics have demonstrated significant potential in infection prevention and neuroprotection. Despite these encouraging findings, the clinical application of GMMs remains challenging due to safety concerns and inconsistent effectiveness across diverse patient populations. These factors create substantial b

Selected Abstracts from the 12th Annual Meeting of the Clinical Immunology Society: 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation North American Conference.

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High serum level of interleukin-6 is linked with dyslipidemia in oral lichen planus.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder in which autocytotoxic CD8+ T cells, locally present in the affected tissue, induce basal keratinocyte apoptosis, through the release of several cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is related to alterations in lipid metabolism in psoriasis patients. Impaired lipid metabolism together with high serum levels of triglycerides have been found in association with OLP. However, the correlation between serum levels of IL-6 and dyslipidemia has not yet been studied in this disorder. The pre

Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies.

Autoimmunity refers to an organism's immune response against its own healthy cells, tissues, or components, potentially leading to irreversible damage to vital organs. Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms play crucial roles in preventing autoimmunity by eliminating self-reactive T and B cells. The disruption of immunological tolerance, characterized by the failure of these mechanisms, results in the aberrant activation of autoreactive lymphocytes that target self-tissues, culminating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and immun

C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians.

The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of

The Role of Chemokines in Obesity and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss.

Obesity is a global health crisis that is closely interrelated to many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of specific chemokines involved in the development of obesity, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL14, and XCL1 (lymphotactin). These chemokines exacerbate the symptoms of obesity by either promoting the inflammatory response or by influencing metabolic pathways and recruiting immune cells. Additionally, the research highlights the po

CAR T-cell therapy in autoimmune diseases: a promising frontier on the horizon.

Although current treatments for autoimmune diseases can effectively control symptoms, they rarely lead to cures and often require lifelong use, accompanied by considerable adverse effects. This emphasizes the urgent need for more targeted therapies that offer long-term efficacy and curative potential. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy presents a promising option by specifically targeting and eliminating autoreactive B cells, with the potential to reset the patient's immune system and promote long-term immune balance. Originally developed for treating hematologic malignancies, wher

Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Preleukemic and Leukemic Stem Cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare subset of bone marrow cells that usually exist in a quiescent state, only entering the cell cycle to replenish the blood compartment, thereby limiting the potential for errors in replication. Inflammatory signals that are released in response to environmental stressors, such as infection, trigger active cycling of HSCs. These inflammatory signals can also directly induce HSCs to release cytokines into the bone marrow environment, promoting myeloid differentiation. After stress myelopoiesis is triggered, HSCs require intracellular signaling programs to

Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), crucial in immune defense mechanisms, are renowned for their propensity to expel decondensed chromatin embedded with inflammatory proteins. Our comprehension of NETs in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis, has grown significantly in recent years. NETs are not only pivotal in the context of infections but also exhibit significant involvement in sterile inflammation. Evidence suggests that excessive accumulation of NETs can result in vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the

Cardiac amyloidosis-A review of current literature for the practicing physician.

The amyloidoses are a family of diseases in which misfolded precursor proteins aggregate to form amyloid and deposit in body tissues. A very serious yet underrecognized form of this disease is cardiac amyloidosis, in which amyloid deposits into the extracellular space of the myocardium, resulting in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls with resultant heart failure and conductive dysfunction. This review provides a discussion of the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, as well as an up-to-date approach to diagnosis and treatment. Significant progress

Чрезмерное потребление сахара: соучастник воспаления.

Высокий уровень потребления сахара уже давно признан в качестве потенциального экологического фактора риска для роста заболеваемости многими неинфекционными заболеваниями, включая ожирение, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, метаболический синдром и тип 2 диабет (T2D). Пищевые сахары представляют собой главным образом гексозы, включая глюкозу, фруктозу, скрузу и высокофруктовую кору (HFCS). Эти сахары поглощаются главным образом в кишечнике в виде фруктозы и глюкозы. Потребление высоко сахарных напитков и обработанных продуктов питания значительно возросло в прошлом. 30 Годы. Здесь мы резюмируем