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Regulation of the gut-specific carboxypeptidase: a study using the binary Gal4/UAS system in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Pathogen transmission by mosquitoes is tightly linked to blood feeding which, in turn, is required for egg development. Studies of these processes would greatly benefit from genetic methods, such as the binary Gal4/UAS system. The latter has been well established for model organisms, but its availability is limited for mosquitoes. The objective of this study was to develop the blood-meal-activated, gut-specific Gal4/UAS system for the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and utilize it to investigate the regulation of gut-specific gene expression. A 1.1-kb, 5(') upstream region of the carboxype

Trend in proportions of missed children during polio supplementary immunization activities in the African Region: evidence from independent monitoring data 2010-2012.

This is a comparative analysis of independent monitoring data collected between 2010 and 2012, following the implementation of supplementary … ate control of other vaccine preventable diseases including cerebrospinal meningitis A, measles and yellow fever.

Disruption of Aedes aegypti olfactory system development through chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle targeting of semaphorin-1a.

Despite the devastating impact of mosquito-borne illnesses on human health, surprisingly little is known about mosquito developmental biology, including development of the olfactory system, a tissue of vector importance. Analysis of mosquito olfactory developmental genetics has been hindered by a lack of means to target specific genes during the development of this sensory system. In this investigation, chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles were used to target semaphorin-1a (sema1a) during olfactory system development in the dengue and yellow fever vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Immunohistochemical ana…

Characteristics of travellers from bosnia and herzegovina to Africa.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: none declared. INTRODUCTION: Travellers from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) travel to different world countries. The aw … sited countries are Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Ghana. Travellers received the following vaccines: yellow fever, VHA, VHB, meningitis, tetanus. All travellers were given the advice on how to dress, feed and protect against malaria.

The novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and L-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity.

Isoxazolines are a novel class of parasiticides that are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels (GABACls) a … er outperformed dieldrin and fipronil in insecticidal screens on cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), yellow fever mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti) and sheep blowfly larvae (Lucilia cuprina), as well as in acaricidal screens on cattle tick (R. microplus) adult females, brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) adult females and Ornithodoros moubata nymphs. These …

Ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone activates egg maturation in the mosquito Georgecraigius atropalpus after adult eclosion or a blood meal.

The rockpool mosquito, Georgecraigius atropalpus, is a facultatively autogenous species that produces its first egg clutch without a blood m … ces. This neuropeptide and two insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are potent gonadotropins in the related yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. ILP3 was marginally restorative in decapitated G. atropalpus, and ILP4 had no effect. Egg maturation in non- and blood-fed G. atropalpus was dependent on the enzymatic mobilization of amino acids from stored protein or the b …

Necessity and benefits of physician assistants' participation in international clinical experiences.

Several consultation stations have been set up in an unfinished stone building. My team is made up of a Kenyan physician assistant (called clinical officer), a Kenyan medical student, and me, a US physician assistant student. We are huddled around a small worn-out square table. A middle-aged woman and her two children, ages 2 and 6, approach the table. They have traveled 2 miles to the medical camp. The children, covered in dust, are emaciated with protruding abdomens, dry skin, and congested noses. The clinical officer (CO) conducts a brief interview in Swahili, the Kenyan national language.

The immunization status of patients with IBD is alarmingly poor before the introduction of specific guidelines.

INTRODUCTION: With immunosuppressive therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) becoming more aggressive, the risk of serious infections … d 63% against tetanus. Of those who had traveled, 9% had been vaccinated for hepatitis A and 1% for yellow fever. Reasons given for not being vaccinated were not being aware of the necessity in 45% of those questioned and being afraid in 17%. While no patient was tested positive for hepatitis B, HIV, and CMV-IgM, one female patient was tested positive for hepa …

No evidence of murine leukemia virus-related viruses in live attenuated human vaccines.

BACKGROUND: The association of xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome r … d rubella (MMR-II), measles (Attenuvax), rubella (Meruvax-II), rotavirus (Rotateq and Rotarix), and yellow fever virus were negative for XMRV and highly related MLV sequences. However, residual hamster DNA, but not RNA, containing novel endogenous gammaretrovirus sequences was detected in the JEV vaccine using PCR. Metagenomics analysis did not detect any adve …

Factors affecting reproducibility between genome-scale siRNA-based screens.

RNA interference-based screening is a powerful new genomic technology that addresses gene function en masse. To evaluate factors influencing hit list composition and reproducibility, the authors performed 2 identically designed small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based, whole-genome screens for host factors supporting yellow fever virus infection. These screens represent 2 separate experiments completed 5 months apart and allow the direct assessment of the reproducibility of a given siRNA technology when performed in the same environment. Candidate hit lists generated by sum rank, median absolute de…

этномедицина народа хая в округе Бугабо, Кагера, северо-западная часть Танзании.

РЕГИОН Кагера, расположенный на северо-западе Танзании, обладает сильной культурой традиционной медицины, которая хорошо поддерживается богатым разнообразием лекарственных растений. Однако большинство заводов в этом регионе не были задокументированы и не оценивались на предмет их безопасности и эффективности. В качестве инициативы в этом направлении в этом исследовании были задокументированы знания об использовании лекарственных растений традиционными целителями в Бугабо-Варде в округе Букоба. МЕТОДЫ: Ключевые информаторы были отобраны при содействии должностных лиц местных органов власти, а и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The Kagera region, in north western Tanzania, is endowed with a strong culture of traditional medicine that is well supported by … ions (19), maternal illnesses and sexually transmitted diseases (14), respiratory diseases (11) and yellow fever, Herpes simplex and peptic ulcers (10). Majority of the species are used to treat less than five different diseases/conditions each and leaves were the most commonly used part, comprising 40% of all the reports on use of plant parts. Trees comprised …

The adipokinetic hormone system in Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae): molecular identification and characterization of two adipokinetic hormone (AKH) precursors from Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens and two putative AKH receptor variants from A. aegypti.

Insect neuropeptides of the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) family induce the mobilization of energy stores to fuel flight, but also affect the nutritional balance during diapause and oogenesis. They are therefore important regulators for flight, hibernation, and reproduction in mosquitoes including those that transmit human pathogens. In this study, we identified and analyzed the genes encoding two AKH preprohormones in the Yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti: Aedae-AKH-I encodes the octapeptide pELFTPSWa and Aedae-AKH-II the decapeptide pEVTFSRDWNAa. Identical AKHs were identified in the West Ni…

The quality of travel clinics in the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: In 1996, the Dutch National Coordination Center for Travelers' Health Advice (LCR) was established to improve uniformity in health advice to travelers and in the quality of national vaccination centers. In this study, we evaluate the influence of LCR guidelines on the quality of travel clinics in the Netherlands. METHODS: In 1997 and 2001, questionnaires regarding implementation of LCR quality criteria were sent to the Dutch travel clinics where most travel advice is given. In 2003, the Health Care Inspectorate surveyed all Dutch yellow fever vaccination centers including those su…

Health and safety of laboratory science students in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Laboratory science students are engaged in laboratory practice under supervision during the course of their training programme. They are exp … against tuberculosis, 80 (68%) against tetanus, six (5%) against hepatitis B, and 18 (15%) against yellow fever. Ninety-six students (81%) thought the greatest hazard in laboratory practice was harmful biological organisms, while 13 (11%) indicated that chemical agents were the greatest hazard. Virology was thought to be the most hazardous specialty by 41 stu …

Reactivity of serum samples from patients with a flavivirus infection measured by immunofluorescence assay and ELISA.

Flavivirus infections are a significant public health problem, since several members of the Flaviviridae family are highly pathogenic to humans. Accurate diagnosis and differentiation of the infecting virus is important, especially in areas where many flaviviruses are circulating. In this study we evaluated a newly developed commercially available immunofluorescence assay (IFA) (INDX, Baltimore, MD, USA) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. IFA was compared with standard diagnostic enzyme immunoas…

The molecular biology of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Review article.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is a member of the flavivirus genus and the family Flaviviridae. Like other flaviviruses such as yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis or the dengue viruses, it is an important human pathogen, endemic in many European countries, Russia and China. The disease can be effectively prevented by vaccination with a formalin-inactivated whole virus vaccine. In recent years major advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular biology of TBE virus, including the complete sequence analysis of the genomic RNA of the European and Far Eastern strains. As show…

Genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti populations from Kisumu and Busia counties, western Kenya, and their vector competence for chikungunya virus.

Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) is the primary vector of several arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). This vector is widespread globally in tropical and subtropical areas but also found in temperate areas. Kenya experienced its first chikungunya outbreak in Lamu County in 2004, followed by subsequent outbreaks in Mandera in 2016 and Mombasa in 2017. Despite the presence of Ae. aegypti in Kisumu and Busia counties, no outbreaks of chikungunya fever have been reported in these two western Kenya counties. To investigat…

[A family survey of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with beta-thalassemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and genetic background in patients with beta-thalassemia. METHODS: TCM syndromes were surveyed in the selected 78 patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia including 120 parents. The gene mutations were detected separately. The frequency and score of TCM syndromes between the offspring and their parents in different family types were analyzed, and the differences were compared. RESULTS: The 73 families were divided into two family types by hereditary characteristics. Family type one meant that geno

Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans.

T cells have been identified as correlates of protection in viral infections. However, the level of vaccine-induced T cells needed and the extent to which they alone can control acute viral infection in humans remain uncertain. Here we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving vaccination and challenge in 33 adult human volunteers, using the live-attenuated yellow fever (YF17D) and chimeric Japanese encephalitis-YF17D (JE/YF17D) vaccines. Both Orthoflavivirus vaccines share T cell epitopes but have different neutralizing antibody epitopes. The primary objective was to ass…

Human TSCM cell dynamics in vivo are compatible with long-lived immunological memory and stemness.

Adaptive immunity relies on the generation and maintenance of memory T cells to provide protection against repeated antigen exposure. It has been hypothesised that a self-renewing population of T cells, named stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cells, are responsible for maintaining memory. However, it is not clear if the dynamics of TSCM cells in vivo are compatible with this hypothesis. To address this issue, we investigated the dynamics of TSCM cells under physiological conditions in humans in vivo using a multidisciplinary approach that combines mathematical modelling, stable isotope labelling,