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Reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome as the presentation of late postpartum eclampsia: a case report.

We presented a case of previous healthy postpartum woman suffering from seizure of sudden onset with conscious change and anisocoric pupils. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple high signal-intensity lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) / T2 weighted image (T2WI) in bilateral subcortical white matters (especially the parieto-occipital areas), brain stem, and bilateral cerebellum, and mild high signal-intensity lesions on diffusion weighted MRI (DWI). These neurological and radiological anomalies recovered completely later. The final diagnosis was the rare p…

Синдром Авеллиса из-за боррилеза.

Синдром Авеллиса — это редкая форма переменного гемипареза, обычно из-за атеросклероза. Мы сообщаем о 67-летнем мужчине, который развил парестезию левой руки, дисфагии и дисфонии. Клиническая картина, магнитная резонансная съемка и цереброспинная жидкость соответствуют синдрому Авеллиса, вызванному артеритом мозга, из-за запоздалой стадии инфекции Борелия Бурдорфери, чрезвычайно необычной аэтологии синдрома Авеллиса; это вполне может быть первым подобным случаем. Оно может быть непризнано у пожилых пациентов с другими факторами риска цереброваскулярных заболеваний.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Avellis syndrome is a rare form of alternating hemiparesis that is usually because of atherosclerosis. We report a 67-year-old man who developed paresthesiae of the left arm, dysphagia and dysphonia. The clinical picture, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid findings were consistent with Avellis syndrome caused by brain stem arteritis because o…

[Ocular tilt reaction. A rare complication after acoustic neuroma surgery].

Visual disturbances after acoustic neuroma surgery are very rare complications. We present a patient with diplopia after a middle fossa approach for resection of an acoustic neuroma. The patient presented ocular torsion and tilts of subjective visual vertical which is typical for the ocular tilt reaction. It is generally agreed that this reaction is secondary to a dysfunction of the tonic bilateral vestibular inputs that stabilize the eyes and head in a normal upright position in the roll plane. It has also been described after denervation of the utricle and injury of the brain stem.

[A case of superficial siderosis following subtotal removal of pituitary adenoma].

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SS) is a rare clinical syndrome due to repeated intracranial hemorrhage. We report a case of SS occurring 19 years after subtotal removal of a non-functioning pituitary adenoma. The patient was a 37-year-old female, exhibiting progressive bilateral sensory neural hearing loss and cerebellar ataxia. T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a rim of low intensity signal on the cerebellum, brain stem, and sylvian fissure. Immediate diagnosis based on characteristic symptoms and MRI findings is important for the prevention of irrevers…

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of neuro-Behçet's disease: a case report.

We present a serial study of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in a patient with neuro-Behçet's disease. Initial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images showed a hyperintense lesion in the brain stem. The lesion was slightly hyperintense on DWI and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was slightly increased. Ten months later, DWI showed an improvement in the abnormal signal intensity and the region of increased ADC had increased in size, especially on the left side. DWI is useful for differentiating an acute exacerbation of neuro-Behçet's disease from acute infarction.

Cell transplantation for stroke.

Cell transplantation has emerged as an experimental approach to restore brain function after stroke. Various cell types including porcine fetal cells, stem cells, immortalized cell lines, and marrow stromal cells are under investigation in experimental and clinical stroke trials. This review discusses the unique advantages and limitations of the different graft sources and emphasizes the current, limited knowledge about their biology. The survival, integration, and efficacy of neural transplants in stroke patients will depend on the type, severity, chronicity, adequacy of circulation, and loca

Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery--case report.

A 21-year-old female presented with an unusual case of posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with ipsilateral persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), manifesting as intraparenchymal hemorrhage involving both the brain stem and the left cerebellar hemisphere. The presenting symptoms were compatible with Wallenberg's syndrome and Foville's syndrome on the left side. She was initially treated conservatively, and subsequently with transarterial embolization followed by stereotactic radiosurgery. This case combined the rare association of posterior fossa AVM and PPTA, w…

[Neural and hemodynamic mechanisms of neurogenic pulmonary edema].

Acute pulmonary edema has been reported in man and animals with intracranial disorders, head trauma or cerebral compression. In anesthetized rats, cerebral compression produced acute, fulminating and fatal lung injury. Intense activation of the sympathetic mechanism in the brain stem induced systemic hypertension and a series of hemodynamic changes. Pulmonary volume loading was the result of drastic decrease in aortic flow accompanying a decline in pulmonary arterial flow. The acute increase in pulmonary blood volume caused severe rises in pulmonary arterial and venous pressures leading to dis…

Canine neosporosis: a case report and literature review.

A three-year-old, intact female vizsla presented for signs of an acute-onset, progressive spinal cord disease. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal central nervous system (CNS) lesions, severe pneumonia with pulmonary edema, and congestion of the liver. Protozoal cysts were found in multiple spinal cord and brain stem sections. Immunohistochemical staining positively identified these cysts as Neospora caninum. A literature review of Neospora caninum infection in the dog with summary of the pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnostic evaluation, treatment success, and pathology is presented …

Vertebral artery section for treating arterial compression of the medulla oblongata. Case report.

A case of a 30-year-old man who showed progressive pyramidal tract signs caused by compression of the left vertebral artery is presented. Initial decompression of the vertebral artery by placing a piece of sponge between the artery and medulla had no long-term effect. The left vertebral artery distal to the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery was then sectioned, decompressing the medulla oblongata. The patient's symptoms improved postoperatively. This is the first reported case of brain-stem compression by an elongated vertebral artery treated by sectioning of the artery.

Familial neurilemmomatosis: report of a case.

We report herein a case of familial neurilemmomatosis seen in a 16-year-old girl and her 38-year-old mother. The girl presented to us with an intrathoracic vagal neurilemmoma, as well as neurilemmomas on the right fifth intercostal nerve and in the serratus anterior muscle. Two years after these tumors were resected, bilateral acoustic neuromas and multiple brain stem tumors appeared. Her mother was being treated simultaneously at another hospital for multiple neurilemmomas, including bilateral acoustic neurilemmomas, suggesting the possibility that neurilemmomatosis is an autosomal dominantly…

[Clinico-neurologic and neurophysiologic findings in hemophilic boys and their effect on social integration].

Prophylactic substitution of severe (sometimes even moderate) haemophilia (home self-treatment) has, besides other measures, not only had a positive effect on the findings in the joints but also on the danger of bleeding in the CNS. The injuries of the head in haemophiliacs are analysed and the social integration is shown (school, occupation, spare-time planning). Compared with previous information in literature the high incidence of pathological EEG findings has decreased. Without observing clinically perceptible deficits, the acoustically evoked brain stem potentials were often found to be a…

Disseminated tuberculomas in spinal cord and brain demonstrated by MRI with gadolinium-DTPA.

Intramedullary tuberculoma is rare, and there has been no report of concurrent intramedullary and intracerebral tuberculomas. We report a 30-year-old man with miliary tuberculosis of the lung. He suffered sudden paraplegia due to tuberculomas in the thoracic spinal cord and MRI showed more tuberculomas in the cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. The tuberculomas were isointense on the T1-weighted images, and hyperintense on the T2-weighted images; there was marked enhancement with intravenous gadolinium-DTPA. All the tuberculomas were very small 1 year aft…

Diabetes insipidus in a patient with suspected multiple sclerosis.

A 53-year-old man developed spastic ataxia associated with diabetes insipidus. The patient experienced frequent attacks of stiffness and numbness of the four limbs accompanied by difficulty of speech. During an eight years' follow-up a progressive deterioration of the motor function was observed but no extracerebral manifestations were noticed. The association of spastic ataxia is generally considered as diagnostic of histiocytosis X. In the present case, however, multiple sclerosis seems a more likely diagnosis in view of the late onset and the highly characteristic brain stem seizures.

A case of bilateral ptosis associated with cerebral hemispheric lesions.

Ptosis occurs in a variety of disorders including myasthenia gravis, oculomotor palsy, Horner's syndrome and brain stem disorders. There are also supranuclear lesions causing blepharoptosis. The latter disorders are reflex blepharospasm, apraxia of eyelid opening and Meige's syndrome. Since the total number of bilateral ptosis associated with cerebral hemispheric lesions is very few, whether the responsible lesions are located in the nondominant hemisphere or bilateral hemispheres are still controversial. We report here a case of bilateral cerebral ptosis that occurred in association with cere…

Preservation of hearing in acoustic tumor surgery: audiologic indicators.

Preservation of hearing in patients with acoustic nerve tumors can be a goal when tumor size is small and residual hearing is intact. Overall success rates for preservation have been reported to be 20% to 40%. The overall success rate in this series is 30.7%. However, indicators of intact auditory brain stem response (waves I-III-V), good speech discrimination score, and intact acoustic (stapedial) reflex were associated with a 68.2% rate of success. Thus, a comprehensive audiologic evaluation is a guideline for selecting and counselling patients with acoustic tumors before hearing preservatio…

Reversible somatosensory evoked potential changes with neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser use.

Reversible prolongation and dissolution of the tibial somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) was observed with operative use of the neodymium: … e temperature, it could enable safer use of the Nd:YAG laser in the vicinity of the spinal cord and brain stem.

Contralateral trigeminal neuralgia as a false localizing sign in intracranial tumors.

Three cases of contralateral trigeminal neuralgia as a false localizing sign in intracranial tumors are reported. In each patient (meningioma, 2 cases; cholesteatoma, 1 case) the tumor was asymptomatic, so that intracranial tumor had not been suspected preoperatively. In all cases, tumors were large and firm. The tumor was supratentorial in two cases. In one case, a cortically mediated mechanism may have caused the neuralgia, whereas in the remaining two cases distortion and displacement of the brain stem and compression of the contralateral Meckel's cave would explain the trigeminal nerve sig…

Manifestations of ALS in the cranial motor nerves: dynametric, neuropathologic, and speech motor data.

Although our knowledge of ALS manifestations in the cranial motor nerves is limited, available retrospective and prospective reports, including associated neuropathology in the cranial motor nerves, clearly indicate fruitful directions for additional biologically based studies. These data further demonstrate that the brain stem, with multiple discrete motoneuron groups, is amenable to parallel behavioral, anatomic, histochemical, and pharmacologic analyses as a means to enhance clinical diagnosis and management of ALS. Moreover, the contribution of such studies to the further understanding of …

Evoked potentials in trigeminal neuralgia associated with multiple sclerosis.

A 49-year-old man with definite multiple sclerosis suffered an episode of right-sided trigeminal neuralgia (TN) of two weeks' duration, unaccompanied by any other clinical symptoms or signs of exacerbation. Serial evoked potentials, obtained before, during, and after TN, demonstrated developing abnormalities in brain-stem auditory evoked potentials from the right ear that disappeared in a delayed fashion after the clinical symptoms of TN had subsided. This rare combination of clinical and electrophysiologic abnormalities suggests a pontine demyelinating plaque involving the right trigeminal se