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Analysis of RNA binding by the dengue virus NS5 RNA capping enzyme.

Flaviviruses are small, capped positive sense RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Dengue virus and other related … -based RNA binding assay. We observed that the K(D) for RNA binding is approximately 200 nM Dengue, Yellow Fever, and West Nile virus capping enzymes. Removal of one or both of the 5' phosphates reduces binding affinity, indicating that the terminal phosphates contribute significantly to binding. RNA binding affinity is negatively affected by the presence of G …

[Protective and damaging action of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in experimental tick-borne encephalitis].

The methods of adoptive transfer in vivo and cytotoxic action on virus-infected tissue culture in vitro were used to prove that cytotoxic splenocytes produced in experimental tick-borne encephalitis could have both protective and damaging effects. The protective effect was manifested during the first 24 hours after infection, and the damaging effect on the 6th day after infection. Cytotoxicity splenocytes were identified as T lymphocytes on the basis of their sensitivity to anti-theta serum, resistance to the action of hydrocortisone and their inability to adhere to glass, as well as their pro

Mitochondrial phylogeography and insecticide resistance of Aedes aegypti in Kenya.

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arboviruses such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya. Here, we investigate the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) structure and insecticide resistance of Ae. aegypti populations across Kenya. Using 175 newly sequenced Kenyan COI mtDNA fragments, along with global reference sequences, we assess maternal ancestry and phylogeographic structure. Genetic structure across Kenya was not well explained by isolation-by-distance alone, with several populations deviating from this pattern. Nairobi and Mombasa, separated by >400 km, showed greater maternal genetic …

Group size and composition of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) in three fragments of Araucaria Pine Forest in southern Brazil.

Brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) are increasingly threatened by habitat loss, sylvatic yellow fever, and negative human interactions. In southern Brazil, brown howlers still inhabit some fragments of the endangered Araucaria Pine Forest (APF), but basic information on their social organization remains scarce. We surveyed brown howler monkey groups to assess their group size and composition in three nearby similarly sized peri-urban APF fragments in Curitiba, southern Brazil. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we investigated whether the number of males, females and immatures could b…

N-linked glycosylation of NS1 protein modulates progeny virion assembly in orthoflaviviruses.

Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a mosquito-borne avian virus belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus within the family Flaviviridae. The nonstructura … iral assembly through NS1 glycosylation is a common feature among flaviviruses (West Nile virus and Yellow Fever virus). Our results consistently demonstrated that the glycosylation modification process of NS1 is highly synchronized with the maturation and assembly of viral particles during their trafficking from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Collectively, ou …

Человеческие автоантитела против I типа интерферонов в острой вирусной болезни.

Интерфероны типа I (IFN-I) являются критическими антивирусными цитокинами, которые ограничивают репликацию вирусов и ограничение вирусных заболеваний. Замечательным недавним открытием является то, что человеческие автоантитела (autoAbs) нейтрализуют деятельность феноскопии врожденных ошибок иммунитета и заметно усугубляют подверженность опасным для жизни инфекциям. Развитие этих патогенных автоабсов в организме человека тесно связано с генетическими и негенетическими факторами, влияющими на тимическую функцию, и, по оценкам, они присутствуют в более чем 100 миллионах человек во всем мире, прич

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are critical antiviral cytokines that restrict viral replication and limit viral disease. A remarkable recent di … ing IFN-I autoAbs facilitate severe adverse events with live-attenuated viral vaccines, such as the yellow fever or chikungunya virus vaccines, and suggest how implementation of IFN-I autoAb diagnostics in at-risk populations may be clinically beneficial with current prophylactic or therapeutic options. Finally, in the context of new experimental insights into …

The preventive effect and mechanism of Tibetan medicine Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim.) Stapf on acute lung injury.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim.) Stapf (ATS) is a rare Tibetan medicinal plant that belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. This herb is mainly distributed in the high-altitude areas of Qinghai, Gansu provinces, and Tibetan Autonomous Region in China. In Tibetan medicine, ATS is mainly used to treat lung inflammation, hepatitis, gastrointestinal diseases, influenza, fever caused by infectious diseases, food poisoning, snake and scorpion bites, and yellow water disease. ATS has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and other pharmacological effects, according to recent research

[Epidemiological situation of hepatitis E in Africa].

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) belongs to the Hepeviridae family, Orthohepevirinae subfamily, Paslahepevirus genus which includes eight genotypes. … incriminated in symptoms without etiology or falsely attributed to other hepatic viruses or to the yellow fever virus. This review updates studies on the epidemiology of HEV in Africa, a crucial step to better understand the virus and develop surveillance strategies to prevent and better control epidemics.

Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, Human Papillomavirus, and microRNA.

BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease, which is caused by antibodies attackin … uenza A virus subtype H1N1), tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis and polio vaccine, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Several cases have been reported that anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis could also be triggered by the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. However, there is a lack of studies to investigate the und …

Western diet consumption by host vertebrate promotes altered gene expression on Aedes aegypti reducing its lifespan and increasing fertility following blood feeding.

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in low- and middle-income countries is linked to an increase in Western diet consumption, characterized by a high intake of processed foods, which impacts the levels of blood sugar and lipids, hormones, and cytokines. Hematophagous insect vectors, such as the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, rely on blood meals for reproduction and development and are therefore exposed to the components of blood plasma. However, the impact of the alteration of blood composition due to malnutrition and metabolic conditions on mosquito biology remains und…

Spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct in adults presenting as biliary peritonitis: a case report and literature review.

UNLABELLED: Spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct (SPCBD) is an exceptional disease, especially in adults. The cause is often idiopathic once trauma and choledochal cyst are excluded. Early diagnosis is often difficult because of its often-misleading appearance. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors report the case of a 54-year-old man, a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus, who presented to our emergency department for acute abdominal pain that had evolved for 2 days. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND INVESTIGATIONS: On physical examination, the patient had a fever of up to 38.5°C, and the abdome

Characterizing physical interactions between male and female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) in relation to female receptivity and insemination outcomes using a hydrophobic fluorescent dye.

Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, presents a major threat to human health across the globe as a vector of disease-causing pathogens. Females of this species generally mate only once. From this single mating event, the female stores sufficient sperm to fertilize the multiple clutches of eggs produced during her lifetime. Mating causes dramatic changes in the female's behavior and physiology, including a lifetime suppression of her mating receptivity. Female rejection behaviors include male avoidance, abdominal twisting, wing-flicking, kicking, and not opening vaginal plates or extruding…

The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation.

Insect growth is interrupted by molts, during which the insect develops a new exoskeleton. The exoskeleton confers protection and undergoes … abolous insects such as moths Manduca sexta and Bombyx mori, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and beetle Tribolium castaneum etc. In contrast, very little information is available about the role of ETH in sequential and gradual growth and developmental changes associated with ecdysis in hemimetabolous insects. Recent s …

Primary salivary gland-type polymorphous adenocarcinoma in the lung: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma is a low-risk infiltrative malignant tumor of the salivary glands. However, some of these tumors are more malignant than the low-grade tumors and therefore, according to the most recent recommendation of the World Health Organization, they are renamed as polymorphous adenocarcinomas (PACs). Primary polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas/PACs of the lungs are rare. Herein, we report a case of primary PAC of the lung with bronchial cartilage and perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 58-year-old man had developed feve

Clinical and Epidemiological Spectrum of Acute Viral Hepatitis Due to Hepatitis A and E in Children: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital-Based Study.

OBJECTIVE: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in children is a serious and major public health concern globally and in developing countries such as Pakistan. We conducted this study to determine the clinical and epidemiological spectrum of AVH due to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in children. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine Department of a tertiary care hospital from February 20, 2020, to February 20, 2022. A total of 200 children 1-12 years of age who presented with symptoms and signs of AVH were enrolled. Demographic a

Efficacy of Dengue Vaccines in the Prevention of Severe Dengue in Children: A Systematic Review.

Dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and is a major health concern worldwide, particularly in regions of endemic disease. Dengue usually presents as a self-limited febrile illness. In some cases, more severe forms with hemorrhage and shock can occur, and children are especially prone to develop it. These forms can be lethal without appropriate management, and no antiviral treatment exists today. In the absence of a curative treatment for dengue, its clinical prevention remains essential. One vaccine - the chimeric yellow fever-dengue-tetravalent dengue vaccine (CY…

A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies.

Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) continue to generate significant health and economic burdens for people living in endemic regions. Of these viruses, some of the most important (e.g., dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever virus), are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. Over the years, viral infection control has targeted vector population reduction and inhibition of arboviral replication and transmission. This control includes the vector control methods which are classified into chemical, environmental, and biological methods. Some of these control methods may be largely experim…

Hormonal regulation and functional role of the "renal" tubules in the disease vector, Aedes aegypti.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector responsible for transmitting various arboviruses including dengue and yellow fever. Their ability to regulate the ionic and water composition of their hemolymph is a major physiological phenomenon, allowing the mosquito to adapt to a range of ecological niches. Hematophagus insects, including the female A. aegypti, face the challenge of excess salt and water intake after a blood meal. Post-prandial diuresis is under rigorous control by neuroendocrine factors, acting on the Malpighian "renal" tubules (MTs), to regulate primary urine production. The MTs are…

Gradual reduction of susceptibility and enhanced detoxifying enzyme activities of laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti under exposure of temephos for 28 generations.

Temephos, an organophosphate insecticide, is widely accepted for the control of Aedes aegypti, vector of infectious diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and zika. However, there are claims that repeated and indiscriminate use of temephos has resulted in resistance development in exposed mosquito populations. The present study attempts to evaluate the continuous performance of temephos on the Ae. aegypti population, in laboratory conditions, in terms of toxicity and the effect on marker enzymes associated with metabolic resistance. Results of the toxicity bioassay showed that aft…