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IL-22 способствует возникновению хронической гаммагерпесвирусной инфекции, поддерживая реакцию микробного центра.

Гаммагерпесвирусы, включая вирус Эпштейн-Барр (EBV) и герпесвирус, связанный с Карпози (KSHV), создают скрытые инфекции на протяжении всей жизни, которые способствуют множественным заболеваниям раком и множественным склерозом. Эти вирусы колонизируют наивные клетки B и приводят в действие мощный, поликлонный герминальный центр, чтобы расширить латентный вирусный резервуар и установить пожизненную инфекцию в клетках памяти B. Несмотря на клиническое бремя этих вирусов, факторы, способствующие хронической инфекции, по-прежнему плохо определены. " Interleukin-22 " (IL-22) является крити

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… Gammaherpesviruses and lymphoproliferative disorders . Annu Rev Pathol . 2014 ; 9 : 349 – 72 . doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104656 24111911 3 Jha HC , Banerjee S , Robertson ES . The role of gammaherpesviruses in cancer pathogenesis . …

Risk Factors for Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Bone Metastatic Breast and Prostate Cancer under Zoledronate Treatment: A Retrospective Analysis from 10 Years of Evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for BRONJ in patients taking zoledronic acid (ZA) for metastatic breast and prostate cancer. METHODS: For this, a retrospective, quantitative, observational cohort study was conducted using data on adverse effects in the oral cavity in patients during chemotherapy for treatment of solid tumors available in the electronic patient record system of the Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital/Ceará Cancer Institute in the period from 2010, to 2019. Data were tabulated in Excel and exported to SPSS v20.0 software for statistical analysis, with 95% confidence

HCT Frailty Scale (HCT-FS) for assessing frailty in adult candidates for allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: an international prospective, observational cohort study.

BackgroundFrailty assessment has emerged as a key component of pre-transplant evaluation. We aimed to validate, across international cohorts, the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Frailty Scale (HCT-FS) for the assessment of frailty in adult candidates for allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). HCT-FS is designed for integration into routine workflows using existing resources.MethodsIn this prospective, observational cohort study, we evaluated the performance of HCT-FS, a frailty scale that categorises patients as fit, pre-frail, or frail based on a cumulative weighted score

Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic HBV Infection and the Role of Antiviral Therapy.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma. However, about 20% of patients experience extrahepatic manifestations such as polyarteritis nodosa, non-rheumatoid arthritis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis. These influence the patient's morbidity, quality of life and mortality. The treatment of an HBV infection is based on nucleotide analogues (NAs) which are safe and effective for the suppression of HBV-DNA in almost 100% of cases. A few studies have shown that NAs induce a viral response and an improv

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… MC occurs in the context of a HCV infection in nearly 90% of the cases [ 12 ], while 10% of them are secondary either to lymphoproliferative disorders or rheumatologic diseases, or HBV or HIV (or both) [ 4 , 13 ]. …

Характеристики и клинический курс пациентов с мелоидозом и раком.

У пациентов с активным раком больше шансов на развитие мелиоидоза, однако характеристики и клинический курс мелиоидоз у больных с раком не были подробно изучены. Профилактика триметоприма/сульфаметоксазола (TMP-SMX) предписывается для предотвращения мелоидоза у пациентов, получающих в некоторых юрисдикциях иммунную антираковую терапию, и рекомендуется в национальных австралийских руководящих принципах, хотя риски и выгоды этой стратегии определены не полностью. МЕТОДЫ: Исследование проводилось в Дальнем Северном Квинсленде (ФНК) в тропической Австралии. Характеристики и клинический курс пациен

Amyloidosis in Childhood: A Review of Clinical Features and Comparison with Adult Forms.

Amyloidosis is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by extracellular accumulation of insoluble fibrils in various organs and tissues. The most common subtype in the pediatric population is systemic reactive amyloidosis, typically developing secondary to chronic inflammatory conditions and resulting in deposition of serum amyloid A protein in association with apolipoprotein HDL3. Clinical presentation is highly variable and is mostly influenced by specific organs involved, precursor protein type, and extent of amyloid deposition, often closely reflecting clinical features of the underlying

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… AL amyloidosis is often associated with multiple myeloma and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Hereditary AL amyloidosis is extremely rare, particularly in children [ 11 , 28 , 29 ]. 3.1.2. … Nodular Pulmonary Amyloidosis Is Characterized by Localized Immunoglobulin Deposition and Is Frequently Associated with an Indolent B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2013 37 406 412 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318272fe19 23282974 73. Riehani A. Soubani A.O. …

sCD25 as an independent adverse prognostic factor in adult patients with HLH: results of a multicenter retrospective study.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but often fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by an inborn or acquired error of immunity. In adults, the underlying immunodeficiency generally arises alongside severe infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and immunosuppressive treatment. To analyze risk factors and outcome in adults, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study. A total of 62 adult (age ≥18 years) patients met at least one of the following inclusion criteria: (1) ≥5 of 8 HLH-2004 criteria, (2) HScore ≥ 200 plus 4 HLH-2004 criteria, or (3) mutation compatible wit

Development and Applications of Prognostic Risk Models in the Management of Invasive Mold Disease.

Prognostic models or risk scores are frequently used to aid individualize risk assessment for diseases with multiple, complex risk factors and diagnostic challenges. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of risk models for invasive mold diseases encountered in patients with hematological malignancies, despite a large body of epidemiological research. Herein we review recent studies that have described the development of prognostic models for mold disease, summarize our experience with the development and clinical use of one such model (BOSCORE), and discuss the

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… Patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders such as non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or multiple myeloma are generally considered to be at low risk for IMD (<2% incidence). … Epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in lymphoproliferative disorders. Haematologica. 2015;100:e462–e466. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2015.126698. 31. Chamilos G., Lionakis M.S., Kontoyiannis D.P. …

A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice.

The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science discoveries elucidating the molecular and cellular biology of the T cell have led to new strategies in this fight, including checkpoint blockade, adoptive cellular therapy and cancer vaccinology. This area of immunological research has been highly active for the past 50 years and is now enjoying unprecedented bench-to-bedside clinical success. Here, we provide a comprehensive historical and biological perspective regar

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… The autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorder caused by Ctla4 loss depends on the activity of CD28 because mutation of an LCK-binding carboxy-terminal proline motif in the intracellular tail of CD28 abrogates disease in mouse models 22 . … Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4. Science. 1995;270:985–988. doi: 10.1126/science.270.5238.985. 20. Tivol EA, et al. CTLA4Ig prevents lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction in CTLA-4-deficient mice. J. …

Implementing calculated globulin screening for immunodeficiencies: The benefits and challenges.

There is a need for pragmatic and cost-effective methodologies to facilitate earlier diagnosis of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, who often experience diagnostic delays that impact their quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. This review article will consider the utility of calculated globulin (CG) as a simple and unbiased screening tool for immunodeficiencies. We review literature indicating that CG can serve as an inexpensive and routinely performed proxy for immunoglobulin levels due to their established correlation. We also set out a workflow for the implementat

Multidisciplinary supportive care in systemic light chain amyloidosis.

The immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis is a multisystemic disease which manifests by damage to the vital organs by light chain-derived amyloid fibril. Traditionally, the treatment has been directed to the underlying plasma cell clone with or without high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation using melphalan based conditioning. Now with the approval of highly tolerable anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab based anti-plasma cell therapy in 2021, high rates of hematologic complete responses are possible even in patients who are otherwise deemed not a candidat

Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The incidence of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) has increased in certain groups over several decades in the United States. It is unclear whether the increasing incidence is associated with mortality trends. Methods: The incidence and incidence-based mortality (IBM) rates were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1980-2016) with SEER*Stat software. The secular trends stratified by demographic characteristics were analyzed by joinpoint regression. Results: The incidence of WM showed an initial rapid increase from 1980 to 1993 {annual perc

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… Furthermore, the concentration of IgM varies widely in WM, which makes it impossible to distinguish WM from other lymphoproliferative disorders based on a certain concentration ( 15 ). … MYD88 L265P in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy, and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders using conventional and quantitative allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Blood. (2013) 121:2051–8. 10.1182/blood-2013-05-502211 17. Castillo JJ, Treon SP. …

Malignancies in systemic rheumatic diseases: A mini review.

There is an increased risk of malignancies in patients with many systemic rheumatic diseases, which negatively impact on their quality of life. The risk and types of malignancies can differ by the type of rheumatic diseases. Possible mechanisms linking them are dynamic and complicated, including chronic inflammation and damage in rheumatic disease, inability to clear oncogenic infections, shared etiology and some anti-rheumatic therapies. Although certain disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been proved to be potentially carcinogenic, the majority of them were not associated wi

Recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies or haematopoietic cell transplantation, from the 2021 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 9).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that spread worldwide from 2019 causing the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterised by an initial viral phase followed in some patients by a severe inflammatory phase. Importantly, immunocompromised patients may have a prolonged viral phase, shedding infectious viral particles for months, and absent or dysfunctional inflammatory phase. Among haematological patients, COVID-19 has been associated with high mortality rate in acute leukaemia, high risk-myelodysplastic syndromes,

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… A clear correlation between the type of HM and the incidence of COVID-19 has not yet been described in the literature, but current data indicate that lymphoproliferative disorders, in particular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma (MM) are particularly … Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLP) Patients with CLP have low antibody responses, especially those with CLL [ 63 ]. Several studies are consistent with response rate estimates of 35–75% in CLL [ 64 – 68 ] and 39–73% in NHL [ 66 , 68 , 69 ]. …

Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients

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Change in Neurocognitive Function in Patients Who Receive CAR-T Cell Therapies: A Steep Hill to Climb.

Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies has brought substantial improvement in clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell neoplasms. However, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) limit the therapeutic efficacy of this treatment approach. ICANS can have a broad range of clinical manifestations, while various scoring systems have been developed for its grading. Cognitive decline is prevalent in CAR-T therapy recipients including impaired attention, difficulty in it

Concomitant primary hyperparathyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus: coincidence or not? A new case report.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is the most common cause of hypercalcemia. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can develop hypercalcemia but it is exceptionally due to PHP. There are only few cases of concurrent SLE and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) described in the literature. We report a case of a 31-year-old patient having SLE with lupus nephritis class III and anti-phospholipid syndrome, complicated by pulmonary embolism associated to primary hyperparathyroidism causing severe hypercalcemia and osteoporosis. Even if there is no evidence for potential pathogenic associati

Monoclonal Antibodies Approved for Cancer Therapy

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Management of Multiple Myeloma: A Review for General Practitioners in Oncology.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal plasma cell disorder in the bone marrow and is the second-most common hematologic malignancy in adults. Although patients with MM have a moderate life expectancy, it remains a heterogeneous disease that often requires multiple lines of chemotherapy for durable control and long-term survival. This review outlines current management strategies for both transplant-eligible and transplant-ineligible patients as well as for relapsed and refractory disease. Advances in drug therapies have widened management options and improved survival. In this paper, we

Rare Loxoscelism-Associated IgG Coombs-Positive Hemolytic Anemia Treated Successfully With Systemic Corticosteroids.

Loxoscelism-associated hemolytic anemia is a rare but critical complication of brown recluse spider bites. It may lead to various systemic manifestations, including jaundice, dark urine, and anemia-related symptoms, in addition to general loxoscelism symptoms such as skin lesions, fever, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting. Prompt diagnosis is crucial and requires recognizing typical laboratory findings such as low hemoglobin, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, reduced haptoglobin levels, and possibly a positive direct antiglobulin test. There is no definitive guideline for the treatment of loxoscelism

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… These conditions can include various infections (such as hepatitis C, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, and babesiosis), lymphoproliferative disorders (like chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma), autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis), and immunodeficiencies …