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Changes in Biologically Active Compounds During the Ripening Period in Selected Hungarian-Bred Sour Cherry Varieties (Prunus cerasus L.).

The sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an important fruit species in Eastern Europe due to its multiple uses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ripening-stage-dependent compositional changes in some Hungarian-bred sour cherry varieties ("amarelle" type 'Korai pipacs', "morello" types 'Érdi bőtermő' and 'Újfehértói fürtös'), with a special view on biologically active compounds (anthocyanins, polyphenols, vitamin C, melatonin), organic acids, sugars, and antioxidant characteristics. The measured soluble solid content varied within a narrower range than reported in the literature, whereas…

Telmisartan protects male reproductive function by modulating biochemical, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA integrity in cyclophosphamide-exposed rats.

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a common chemotherapy drug known to cause significant damage to testicular health. It induces oxidativ … lmisartan control, CPA induction, three telmisartan treatment groups (3, 5, and 7 mg/kg/day), and a melatonin positive control. Treatments have been given for 8 days; CPA (150 mg/kg, i.p.) on the second day. The serum reproductive hormones, sperm quality, oxidative stress factors, apoptotic genes (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3), DNA fragmentation, and histopatholog …

Circadian Rhythms in Dermatology: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Chronotherapy Opportunities.

OBJECTIVE: Circadian rhythms regulate key cutaneous processes including DNA repair, keratinocyte proliferation, wound healing, and immune re … s such as "circadian rhythm," "clock genes," "chronotherapy," "skin," "dermatology," "photoaging," "melatonin," "vitamin D," "psoriasis," "pruritus," and "skin cancer." STUDY SELECTION: Of 360 records identified, 101 unique publications remained after duplicate removal. Fifty-two were excluded after abstract review. Forty-nine full texts were assessed, and …

Overnight Dynamics of Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-Beta, Lactate and Hypocretin in Patients With Hydrocephalus: A Pilot Study.

This pilot observational study evaluated whether frequent overnight sampling of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid could clarify how sleep, hypocretin and lactate relate to amyloid-β42 dynamics in adults with hydrocephalus. Seven participants underwent hourly ventricular cerebrospinal fluid sampling from early evening to late morning during inpatient monitoring, combined with full polysomnography. Concentrations of amyloid-β42, hypocretin, lactate, melatonin and electrolytes were measured and normalised to each individual's mean. Relationships with sleep stage and circadian patterns were examined…

Ten-year trends in pediatric hypnotic prescribing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Sleep problems, particularly insomnia, are common among children and adolescents, and may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic … escribing of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists decreased, whereas prescribing of melatonin receptor agonists and orexin receptor antagonists increased. Interrupted time-series analysis showed a significant increase in the slope after April 2020, whereas the immediate level change was not statistically significant. The post-state-of-emerge …

Sleep Disorders, Dysregulation of Circadian Rhythms, and Fatigue After Craniopharyngioma-A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Tumor- and/or treatment-associated hypothalamic damage results in reduced quality of life and increased morbidity due to sleep … thms (wakefulness and sleep) are controlled by hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and regulated by melatonin. A dysregulation of circadian rhythms due to altered melatonin secretion can be observed in craniopharyngioma with hypothalamic involvement. Furthermore, sleep quality is regulated by lateral hypothalamic areas, the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, a …

Regulation of Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Mice via Transcranial Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation Targeting the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.

Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a critical contributor to sleep, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Ultrasound (US) stimulation represents a non-invasive neuromodulatory modality, yet its impact on CRD remains unexplored. This study is the first to propose and systematically assess the effects of transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) stimulation targeting the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in a chronic jet lag mouse model. Circadian and anxiety-related behaviors were evaluated through spontaneous locomotor activity monitoring and open field testing. Plasma melatonin …

Варианты фармакологического лечения когнитивной дисфункции, вызванной множественным склерозом: сетевой метаанализ.

ЦЕЛИ: Сопоставление воздействия различных видов фармакологического лечения на результаты частичных тестов и неблагоприятное воздействие на пациентов с когнитивной дисфункцией (КД), вызванной множественным склерозом (МС), посредством сетевого метаанализа. МЕТОДЫ: База данных PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Bibrary и Web of Science были систематически извлечены для случайных контролируемых испытаний (RCTs), в ходе которых оценивалось влияние различных видов фармакологического лечения на компакт-диски у пациентов с MS. Поиск был обновлен до октября 8, 2024. Для оценки качества приемлемых исследований ис

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of various pharmacological treatments on partial test results and adverse effects in patients with cognit … ced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Compared to memantine, fampridine-SR, ginkgo biloba, and melatonin showed inferior effects. Atomoxetine may improve Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) scores, outperforming donepezil, ginkgo biloba, L-amphetamine, modafinil, and rivastigmine. Additionally, atomoxetine may improve California Verbal Learning Test (C …

Chronic artificial light exposure in daytime and reversed light: Dark cycle inhibit anti-apoptotic cytokines and defect Bcl-2 in peripheral lymphoid tissues during acute systemic inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide.

AIMS: The disturbed light: dark (LD) cycle has been associated with critical complications, including obesity, diabetes and cancer. In the present study, we investigated the chronic effects of artificial light at daytime (AL) and light at night (RAL) after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline and 0.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male Wistar rats. METHODS: Liver and kidney parameters, fasting blood glucose (FBG), melatonin level, immunohistochemical examinations of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in spleen and mesenteric lymph and serum antiapoptotic cytokines [interleukin (IL-) 2, 7 and …

Anesthesia/surgery activate MMP9 leading to blood-brain barrier disruption, triggering neuroinflammation and POD-like behavior in aged mice.

Anesthesia and surgery activate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and postoperative delirium (POD)-like behavior, especially in the elderly. Aged mice received intraperitoneal injections of either the MMP9 inhibitor SB-3CT, melatonin, or solvent, and underwent laparotomy under 3 % sevoflurane anesthesia(anesthesia/surgery). Behavioral tests were performed 24 h pre- and post-operatively. Serum and cortical tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Levels of PDGFRβ, MMP9, tight junct…

Trends in hypnotic drug use in depression 2007-2017: A Swedish population-based study.

Insomnia is a common feature of depression; however, depression treatment guidelines provide limited recommendations regarding hypnotic drug … em, and zaleplon) with a prevalence of 27.6% in 2017 and 35.6% in 2007 (PR 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.80). Melatonin use increased sharply to 12.0% in 2017 from 0.4% in 2007 (PR 28.9, 95% CI 23.5-35.7). Hypnotic drug use was most prevalent in the first two quarters after diagnosis; however, after 3 years, the quarterly prevalence was still 19.2%. Hypnotics were mo …

Intranasal delivery of paroxetine: A preclinical study on pharmacokinetics, depressive-like behaviour, and neurochemical sex differences.

Treatment of major depressive disorder remains a major unmet clinical need. Given the advantages of intranasal administration for targeted b … rved in the healthy control group. The therapeutic effect was stronger on female mice. Importantly, melatonin plasma levels were significantly decreased in female mice following UCMS (p < 0.05), while males exhibited heightened corticosterone levels. On the other hand, treatment with IN paroxetine significantly increased corticosterone and melatonin levels …

Neonatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To review the evidence of the effects of neonatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic en … ratio [RR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53-0.86; 13 RCTs), and magnesium sulphate with melatonin versus melatonin alone (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.58-0.95; one RCT) were observed. No difference in neonatal death was seen for magnesium sulphate with therapeutic hypothermia versus therapeutic hypothermia alone (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.34-1.26; three RC …

Diurnal Variation of L-Arginine and the Cardiovascular Risk Markers Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Homoarginine in Rotating Night Shift Workers and Controls.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) interfere with nitric oxide (NO) formation from L-arginine via diff … s with 60 rotating night shift workers. The plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related biomarkers, melatonin, and cortisol were measured every 3 h during a 24-h period. In addition, 24-h blood pressure recordings were performed. In non-night shift workers, L-arginine and homoarginine plasma concentrations showed diurnal variation with a 12-h period, which …

Effects of Japanese policies and novel hypnotics on long-term prescriptions of hypnotics.

AIM: The current study aimed to examine the effect of Japanese policies for appropriate hypnotics use and novel hypnotics (e.g. melatonin receptor agonist and orexin receptor antagonist [ORA]) on long-term prescriptions of hypnotics. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted using a large-scale health insurance claims database. Among subscribers prescribed hypnotics at least once between April 2005 and March 2021, those prescribed hypnotics for the first time after being included in the database in three periods (period 1: April 2012-March 2013; period 2: April 2016-March 2017; and peri…

Research progress on Walnut oil: Bioactive compounds, health benefits, extraction methods, and medicinal uses.

Walnut oil is extracted from walnut kernels (Juglans regia Linne) or iron walnut kernels (Juhlans sigillata Dode). The percentage of oil in walnuts is 52%-70%. The main constituents in oil are fatty acids, phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. Many extraction methods such as supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, maceration, modified "bligh and dyer extraction," aqueous enzymatic extraction, ultrasonic extraction, soxhlet extraction, and cold-press extraction methods are reported in the literature. Walnut oil showed anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, immunomo…

Sedative drug-use in Denmark, 2000 to 2019: a nationwide drug utilization study.

AIM: To describe trends in and characteristics of sedative drug use from 2000 through 2019 in relation to the introduction of central regulations and new drugs. METHODS: In this descriptive study, we used individual prescription data on the entire Danish population from the Danish National Prescription Registry to calculate yearly incidence and prevalence of use of benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine-related drugs (Z-drugs), melatonin, olanzapine, low-dose quetiapine, mianserin/mirtazapine, pregabalin, and promethazine from 2000 through 2019. From the Danish National Patient Registry, we obtained…

Pistacia integerrima alleviated Bisphenol A induced toxicity through Ubc13/p53 signalling.

Exposure to environmental toxicants such as Bisphenol A (BPA) has raised serious health issues globally particularly in developing countries … uced oxidative stress. The dose of 100 µg/kg BW of BPA, 200 mg/kg BW P. integerrima, and 4 mg/kg BW melatonin was administered to Sprague Dawley rats. Present results of western blotting and qRT-PCR showed the increased expression of p53, PUMA and Drp1, while downregulation of Ubc13 in heart tissues of BPA treated group whereas the levels were reversed upon …

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation reduces hypothalamic grey matter volume loss in individuals with preclinical Huntington's disease: A nine-month pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Hypothalamic pathology is a well-documented feature of Huntington's disease (HD) and is believed to contribute to circadian rhyt … D receiving no intervention (control group). Hypothalamic volume, serum BDNF, salivary cortisol and melatonin concentrations, subjective sleep quality, daytime somnolence, habitual sleep-wake patterns, stress and anxiety and depression symptomatology were evaluated. RESULTS: Hypothalamus grey matter volume loss was significantly attenuated in the intervent …

Agomelatine reduces brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress but increases plasma cytokine production in the rats with chronic mild stress-induced depression.

Agomelatine (AGOM) as an antidepressant acts both as a melatonin-receptor agonist and a selective serotonin-receptor antagonist. As a potent melatonin derived antioxidant, AGOM might modulate depression-induced lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain, kidney and liver. The present study explores whether AGOM protects against experimental depression-induced brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress, and plasma cytokine production in rats with chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression. Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups. The first group was used as an untreated co…