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Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits melanoma cell proliferation through down-regulation of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and increase of p53 acetylation.

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer, and despite recent advances in available therapies, is still lacking in completely effective treatments. Rg3, a monomer extracted from ginseng roots, has been attempted for the treatment of many cancers. It is reported that the expressions of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and p53 acetylation correlate with tumor cell growth. However, the antitumor effect of Rg3 on melanoma and the mechanism by which it regulates HDAC3 expression and p53 acetylation remain unknown. We found high expression of HDAC3 in human melanoma tissues to

Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention-Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials.

Phytochemicals are a non-nutritive substances that are present in plants and contribute significantly to their flavor and color. These biologically active compounds are classified into five major groups, namely phenolics, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkaloids, and are known for their potential health benefits in the prevention of various diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this review article is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of the dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and stilbe

Oral health status and quality of life in female patients receiving low dose bone-modifying agents for cancer treatment-induced bone loss: a single-center exploratory study.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer patients, undergoing low-dose bone-modifying agent (LD-BMA) therapy for cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), represent an emerging category at risk of Medication-Related (MRONJ) low (<1%) but not absent. However, data on their oral health status and quality of life related are currently limited. This single-center exploratory study aimed to assess oral health conditions, periodontal status, and oral health-related quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer patients under LD-BMA therapy for CTIBL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients were consecutively

Hyperprogression disease induced by Sintilimab combined with Oxaliplatin and S-1 after surgery: a case report and literature review.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and preventive strategies associated with hyperprogressive disease (HPD) induced by immunotherapy.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical data of a patient who developed HPD following palliative gastrectomy and received a combination therapy of Sintilimab, S-1 (tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium), and Oxaliplatin (SOX). Additionally, a literature review on tumor immunotherapy was conducted to further explore the risk factors and mechanisms of HPD.ResultsIn this case, the development of HPD was associated with a high postoperative

The Story of Localized Amyloidosis: Something Old and Something New - A Case Series.

Localized amyloidosis is a rare benign disease characterized by extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins in a specific organ without systemic involvement, which might lead to organ dysfunction. Patients with localized amyloidosis do not develop systemic diseases such as cardiac, renal, hepatic, or nerve involvement. Typically, the localized disease is managed by surgical resection, while the systemic disease is treated with a combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, some patients can have challenging clinical presentations, delaying diagnosis and organ dysfunction, and they m

Access and use of immunoglobulins in secondary supportive cancer care: A systematic literature review.

BackgroundImmunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) benefits patients with primary immuno deficiency (PID) originating from the innate or polygenic defects in the immune system. However, evidence supporting their therapeutic role is not as explicit in secondary immuno deficiency (SID) resulting from the treatment of haematological malignancies.ObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) create a dataset of relevant research papers, which explore the use of IgRT in SID for analysis, (2) assess the risk of bias within this dataset and (3) study the characteristics of these papers.DesignThis systematic rev

History of autoimmune disease is associated with impaired survival in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a population-based study.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Incidence of MM and MGUS is higher among patients with autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether a history of autoimmunity has an impact on survival in MM and MGUS. Using high-quality national Swedish registries, we identified 8367 patients with MM, 18,768 patients with MGUS, and 110,251 matched control subjects, and obtained information on previous autoimmune disease in patients and controls. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) fo

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… Landgren O, Shim YK, Michalek J, Costello R, Burton D, Ketchum N, Calvo KR, Caporaso N, Raveche E, Middleton D, Marti G, Vogt RF., Jr Agent orange exposure and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: an Operation Ranch Hand Veteran Cohort Study. …

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy in secondary hypogammaglobulinemia.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy dramatically changed the clinical course of primary hypogammaglobulinemias, significantly reducing the incidence of infectious events. Over the last two decades its use has been extended to secondary antibody deficiencies, particularly those related to hematological disorders as lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) and multiple myeloma. In these malignancies, hypogammaglobulinemia can be an intrinsic aspect of the disease or follow chemo-immunotherapy regimens, including anti-CD20 treatment. Other than in LPDs the broadening use of immunotherapy (e.g., ri

Precision Oncology-The Quest for Evidence.

The molecular characterization of patient tumors provides a rational and highly promising approach for guiding oncologists in treatment decision-making. Notwithstanding, genomic medicine still remains in its infancy, with innovators and early adopters continuing to carry a significant portion of the clinical and financial risk. Numerous innovative precision oncology trials have emerged globally to address the associated need for evidence of clinical utility. These studies seek to capitalize on the power of predictive biomarkers and/or treatment decision support analytics, to expeditiously and

Primary mesenchymal stromal cells in co-culture with leukaemic HL-60 cells are sensitised to cytarabine-induced genotoxicity, while leukaemic cells are protected.

Tumour microenvironments are hallmarked in many cancer types. In haematological malignancies, bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) protect malignant cells from drug-induced cytotoxicity. However, less is known about malignant impact on supportive stroma. Notably, it is unknown whether these interactions alter long-term genotoxic damage in either direction. The nucleoside analogue cytarabine (ara-C), common in haematological therapies, remains the most effective agent for acute myeloid leukaemia, yet one-third of patients develop resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the bidirect

Bone metastasis and pain research through the dual lens of bibliometrics and bioinformatics: knowledge structure, frontiers, and core pathway analysis (2015-2024).

BackgroundCancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) represents a formidable clinical challenge with complex mechanisms, and existing treatments remain unable to effectively control pain in many patients. This study combined bibliometric and bioinformatic approaches to delineate key research trends, principal themes and future directions in the field of bone metastasis and pain research over the past decade (2015-2024).MethodsWe selected 1,822 relevant documents from the Web of Science Core Collection for bibliometric analysis to identify major research characteristics, collaboration networks and emergin

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer.

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of biological activities, and aberrant levels of small ncRNAs are commonly found in precancerous lesions and cancer. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small ncRNA initially discovered in germ cells that have a specific length (24-31 nucleotides), bind to PIWI proteins, and show 2'-O-methyl modification at the 3'-end. Numerous studies have revealed that piRNAs can play important roles in tumorigenesis via multiple biological regulatory mechanisms, including silencing transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene processes and a

Биомаркеры крови отражают патологию мозга - от общих земель до редких границ.

Понимание патологических изменений в мозге имеет важное значение для принятия решений о лечении травм мозга и заболеваний. Несмотря на значительные достижения в методах сканирования мозга, клиническая практика по-прежнему сталкивается с проблемами из-за зависимости от инфраструктуры и высоких потребностей в ресурсах. В ходе этого обзора изучаются нынешние знания о биомаркерах на основе крови, которые указывают на патологию мозга, которая может помочь в идентификации пациентов, подверженных риску, диагностике пациентов, прогнозировании прогрессии заболеваний и лечении. Мы сосредоточимся на унас

Hexamethylene amiloride induces lysosome-mediated cell death in multiple myeloma through transcription factor E3.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second common hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells. Although advances in the past decades have led to improved outcomes and longer survival, MM remains largely incurable. New targets and targeted therapy may help to achieve better outcomes. Proton exporter NHE1 is highly expressed by tumor cells to maintain pH gradient for their survival and its inhibitor Hexamethylene amiloride (HA) has been demonstrated anti-tumor effect. However, whether HA could inhibit MM remains unknown. In this study, we firstly demonstrated th

Secondary Immunodeficiency and Hypogammaglobulinemia with IgG Levels of <5 g/L in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Study Between 2012 and 2020 at a University Hospital in China.

BACKGROUND Infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, adult immunodeficiency specialists in China are lacking, and the care of secondary immunodeficiency (SID) and the prognostic role of hypogammaglobulinemia in MM is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS MM patients (295) were retrospectively analyzed between January 2012 and 2020 in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College. MM patients with immunoglobulin (Ig) G <5 g/L were defined as SID patients. The care of these patients and the prognostic role of IgG <5 g/L were an

Pharmacokinetics of CAR T cells in multiple myeloma - the good, the bad, and the ugly.

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Novel intravenous human IVIG in patients with secondary immunodeficiency: Interim analysis of a multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of Yimmug, a novel, highly purified, 10% human plasma-based intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparation, in patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID) under real-world conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This interim analysis is based on data from a multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study conducted with out-patients in Germany. Effectiveness was assessed by changes in (i) serum IgG levels, (ii) severe infection rates, (iii) clinical symptoms, and (iv) patient-reported quality of life (QoL) at three treatment in

Продольная графика физических функций, сообщаемых пациентами, лечащимися гематологическими микроорганизмами.

Управление США по контролю за продуктами питания и лекарствами (УПП) выпустило проект руководящего документа, в котором подробно излагаются основные результаты, сообщенные пациентами при клинических испытаниях на рак, включая физическую функцию (ПФ). Цели этого исследования заключались в разработке аналитических методов и визуализации зарегистрированных пациентов с раком. МЕТОДЫ: Мы использовали оценочные рамки для определения конечных точек приемлемости данных о пациентах в целях подготовки резюме данных в поперечном разрезе и с течением времени наряду с визуализацией. Мы добились этого благо

ENHANZE® drug delivery technology: a novel approach to subcutaneous administration using recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20

ENHANZE® drug delivery technology is based on the proprietary recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 enzyme (rHuPH20; Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc.) that facilitates the subcutaneous (SC) delivery of co-administered therapeutics. rHuPH20 works by degrading the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), which plays a role in resistance to bulk fluid flow in the SC space, limiting large volume SC drug delivery, dispersion, and absorption. Co-administration of rHuPH20 with partner therapies can overcome administration time and volume barriers associated with existing SC therapeutic formulations, and has been

Tumor Vaccines: Unleashing the Power of the Immune System to Fight Cancer.

This comprehensive review delves into the rapidly evolving arena of cancer vaccines. Initially, we examine the intricate constitution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), a dynamic factor that significantly influences tumor heterogeneity. Current research trends focusing on harnessing the TME for effective tumor vaccine treatments are also discussed. We then provide a detailed overview of the current state of research concerning tumor immunity and the mechanisms of tumor vaccines, describing the complex immunological processes involved. Furthermore, we conduct an exhaustive analysis of the con