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Association of BCG Vaccine Treatment With Death and Dementia in Patients With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

IMPORTANCE: The BCG vaccine-used worldwide to prevent tuberculosis-confers multiple nonspecific beneficial effects, and intravesical BCG vaccine is currently the recommended treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Moreover, BCG vaccine has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), but previous studies have been limited by sample size, study design, or analyses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether intravesical BCG vaccine exposure is associated with a decreased incidence of ADRD in a cohort of patients with NMIBC while accounting for d

Attitudes, expectations, and lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan.

ObjectiveImmunotherapeutic approaches to cancer, such as dendritic cell vaccine therapy, promise to improve survival rate but may present unique challenges to patients. However, there is no research on the lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes, expectations, and experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan.MethodsThis was an exploratory qualitative study. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to investigate the experiences of eight advanced-stage cancer pat

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… Dendritic cell-based adjuvant vaccination targeting Wilms' tumor 1 in patients with advanced colorectal cancer Vaccines (Basel) 3 2015 1004 1018 10.3390/vaccines3041004 26690485 PMC4693229 21 Yanagisawa R. Koizumi T. Koya T. … Dendritic cells pre-pulsed with Wilms' Tumor 1 in optimized culture for cancer vaccination Pharmaceutics 12 2020 305 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040305 32231023 PMC7238244 25 Obama B. United States health care reform. …

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with cancer are more vulnerable to COVID-19 morbidity and morbidity than the general population and have been prioritised in COVID-19 vaccination programmes. This study aims to investigate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among patients with cancer. STUDY DESIGN: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane COVID-19 study registry were searched in addition to secondary literature using a predefined search method. Two authors independently performed the study identification, screening and eligibility assessment.

Vulvar Cancer Incidence in the United States and its Relationship to Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations, 2001-2018.

UNLABELLED: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was indicated for the prevention of vulvovaginal cancers in 2008, but its impact on the incidence of vulvar cancers within the US is unknown. To determine this, we conducted a secondary analysis of 88,942 vulvar cancer cases among women 20+ years old using the US Cancer Statistics 2001-2018 databases. Data were stratified by tumor behavior (in situ or invasive), age (20-44, 45-64, 65+ years old), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic), and US census region (Northeast, South, Midwest, West), and incidence rates and av

A single immunization with cellular vaccine confers dual protection against SARS-CoV-2 and cancer.

The efficacy of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been demonstrated; however, emerging evidence suggests insufficient protection in certain immunocompromised cancer patients. We previously developed a cell-based anti-cancer vaccine platform involving artificial adjuvant vector cells (aAVCs) capable of inducing a strong adaptive response by enhancing the innate immunity. aAVCs are target antigen-transfected allogenic cells that simultaneously express the natural killer T-cell ligand-CD1d complex on their surface. In the present study, we applied this system for targeting

Humoral Responses After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and Breakthrough Infection in Cancer Patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the magnitude of humoral response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in patients with cancer receiving active therapies.Patients and methodsPatients 18 years or older in whom SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody (anti-S Ab) levels were measured after 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were included. Patients with prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or receiving other immunosuppressive therapy were excluded.ResultsAmong 201 patients who met the criteria, 61 were immunocompetent, 91 had a hematologic malignancy

Shift in harms and benefits of cervical cancer screening in the era of HPV screening and vaccination: a modelling study.

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the changes in harms and benefits of cervical cancer screening over the first three screening rounds of the Dutch high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) screening programme. DESIGN: Microsimulation study. SETTING: Dutch hrHPV screening programme; women are invited for screening every 5 or 10 years (depending on age and screening history) from age 30 to 65. POPULATION: Partly vaccinated population of 100 million Dutch women. METHODS: Microsimulation model MISCAN was used to estimate screening effects. Sensitivity analyses were performed on test characteristics and at

Diagnostic pitfalls after COVID-19 vaccination in melanoma and breast cancer patients: A case series.

INTRODUCTION: During the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, significant COVID-19 disease-reducing developments have been made, culminating in the COVID-19 vaccines. However, COVID-19 vaccines may complicate oncological staging and follow-up oncological disease course since they may induce the enlargement of lymph nodes. Consequently, this uncertainty may lead to increased distress. PRESENTATION OF CASES: This case series describes seven patients diagnosed with melanoma or breast cancer in whom lymphadenopathy was observed on oncology imaging after COVID-19 vaccination. Four

Perception and safety analysis of COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients: A multicenter, real-world study.

BACKGROUND: Although various coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been delivered to the public worldwide, data on cancer populations are limited. Vaccine hesitancy related to safety concerns is observed among cancer patients. We report the perception of COVID-19 vaccines and their safety profile after vaccination among cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April and November 2021, a multicenter survey was conducted on 318 patients treated in any hemato-oncology outpatient clinic among three hospitals under the Korea University Medical Center. The medical records of the

Lymphedema of the Arm after COVID-19 Vaccination in a Patient with Hidden Breast Cancer and Paraneoplastic Dermatomyositis.

The pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to the development of mRNA vaccines. With the extensive vaccination campaign performed worldwide, many adverse reactions to these drugs have been reported in the literature. Although most of them are mild and self-limiting, they may sometimes cause psychological stress and require efforts to make a differential diagnosis with other conditions. This is the case of lymphadenopathies and lymphedema in patients with a history of cancer. Herein we present a case of lymphedema of the arm developed ten days after a VAXZEVRIA COVID-19 va

Efficacy of booster doses in augmenting waning immune responses to COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer.

Anti-COVID-19 immunity dynamics were assessed in patients with cancer in a prospective clinical trial. Waning of immunity was detected 4-6 months post-vaccination with significant increases in anti-spike IgG titers after booster dosing, and 56% of seronegative patients seroconverted post-booster vaccination. Prior anti-CD20/BTK inhibitor therapy was associated with reduced vaccine efficacy.

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and rate of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage in Florida, 2011 through 2015.

OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to compare the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) from 2011 through 2015 and the rate of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination from 2015 through 2017 in the United States overall and in Florida. METHODS: Using SEER*Stat software (Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute), the authors calculated age-specific OPC incidence rates for various age groups and age-adjusted rates by sex and race to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and National Program of Cancer Registries data. The authors used Joinpoint software (Surveil

Rapid tumor vaccine using Toll-like receptor-activated ovarian cancer ascites monocytes.

BACKGROUND: Novel therapeutic strategies in ovarian cancer (OC) are needed as the survival rate remains dismally low. Although dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines are effective in eliciting therapeutic responses, their complex and costly manufacturing process hampers their full clinical utility outside specialized clinics. Here, we describe a novel approach of generating a rapid and effective cancer vaccine using ascites-derived monocytes for treating OC. METHODS: Using the ID8 mouse ovarian tumor model and OC patient samples, we isolated ascites monocytes and evaluated them with flow cytome…

Optimization of peptide-based cancer vaccine compositions, by sequential screening, using versatile liposomal platform.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines need thoughtful design to efficiently deliver appropriate antigens and adjuvants to the immune system. In the current study, we took advantage of the versatility of a liposomal platform to conceive and customize vaccines containing three elements needed for the induction of efficient antitumor immunity: i) a CD4 epitope peptide able to activate CD4+ T helper cells, ii) a CD8 tumor-specific epitope peptide recognized by CD8+ T cytotoxic cells and iii) Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) agonists which stand as adjuvants. Each type of component, conjugated to liposomes…

Excess Cancer Cases and Medical Costs Due to Suboptimal Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage in California.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage continues to be at low to moderate levels throughout the United States. HPV infection is linked to multiple types of cancers resulting in high economic and health burden. We aimed to estimate the excess number of cancer cases and associated medical costs due to current HPV vaccination coverage for a 20-year-old birth cohort in California. METHODS: We estimated the lifetime number of cancer cases caused by vaccine-preventable strains of HPV for a cohort of 20 year-olds in California. We then estimated the excess number of cancer cases

Impact of synchronized anti-PD-1 with Ad-CEA vaccination on inhibition of colon cancer growth.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether addition of anti-PD-1 antibody increased the immunogenicity and anti-tumor activity of Ad-CEA vaccination in a murine model of colon cancer. Methods: Ad-CEA was administered prior to implantation of MC-38-CEA cells followed by administration of anti-PD-1 antibody. CEA-specific T-cell responses were measured by flow cytometry and ELISPOT. Dynamic co-culture of splenocytes with tumor cells was conducted to analyze anti-tumor activities. Tumor infiltration by lymphocytes was measured by IHC. Tumor volume and overall survival were also record

Cervical cancer awareness and HPV vaccine acceptability among females in Delhi: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: The aim of this study is to assess the awareness about cervical cancer and the acceptability of cytological screening and vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV) among women in Delhi, the national capital of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of women was conducted in Delhi to assess the awareness of cervical cancer and acceptability of Papanicolaou (Pap) test and HPV vaccine. The sample size of the population was 450, and a pre-tested questionnaire was administered to them. RESULTS: Majority of the participants (85.11%) were aware of cervical cancer and were wi

Therapeutic efficacy of the live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine, MTBVAC, in a preclinical model of bladder cancer.

Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been a first-line therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for the last 4 decades. However, this treatment causes serious adverse events in a significant number of patients and a substantial percentage of recurrence episodes. MTBVAC is a live-attenuated vaccine derived from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate and is currently under evaluation in clinical trials to replace BCG as a tuberculosis vaccine. Here, we describe for the first time the potential of MTBVAC as a bladder cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo in a

A phase I/Ib study of OTSGC-A24 combined peptide vaccine in advanced gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a phase I/Ib, open-label, single-arm trial to assess the safety, tolerability and optimal scheduling regimen of OTSGC-A24 cancer vaccine in patients with advanced gastric cancer. METHODS: Patients with advanced gastric cancer with HLA-A*24:02 haplotype were included in this study. OTSGC-A24 was administered at 1 mg in 3-weekly (3w), 2-weekly (2w), and weekly (1w) cohorts to evaluate the safety, immunological response and schedule. Based on the highest specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction rate at 4 weeks, using the ELISPOT test, cohorts were expanded to defi

Practices regarding human Papillomavirus counseling and vaccination in head and neck cancer: a Canadian physician questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has recently been implicated as a causative agent in a rapidly growing number of oropharyngeal cancers. Emerging literature supports the hypothesis that HPV vaccination may protect against HPV-related head and neck cancer (HNC) in addition to HPV-related cervical and anogenital disease. While the association between HPV infection and cervical cancer is widely understood, its relation to HNC is less well known. The purpose of this study was to better understand HPV counseling practices for infection and vaccination in relation to HNC of primary care physic