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Declines in tourism during COVID-19 reduces nitrogen loading of groundwater input to a coral reef in West Maui, Hawai'i.

The coral reef at Kahekili Beach Park (KBP) in West Maui receives eutrophic submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), of which over half is injected wastewater from the Lahaina Wastewater Reclamation Facility (LWRF). Algal blooms, decreased calcification, calcium carbonate dissolution and bioerosion have been identified as consequences of injected wastewater. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Maui visitor numbers dropped 99 %, which reduced effluent volume and total nitrogen (TN) loading of injected wastewater by 70 % and 60 %, respectively. Water samples were collected at KBP during and after the vi

Utilization of Genetic Testing and Surgical Implications in an Ethnically Diverse Hawaiian Population.

Genetic testing is recommended for young women diagnosed with breast cancer. While studies have demonstrated an increased likelihood of vari … intervention were extracted. Of 236 patients identified, 134 (56.7%) were Asian, 57 (24.1%) Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI), and 45 (19.1%) Other. The majority (n=201, 85.2%) underwent genetic testing. A family history of breast cancer was predictive of testing (P<.001). The most common finding was VUS (n= 95, 47.2%) with no statistical differen …

Helmetless Tackling Training Intervention and Preseason Self-efficacy Effects on Head Impacts in Hawai'i High School Football.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how football head impacts are influenced by self-efficacy (SE), helmetless tackling intervention participation (IP), and years of experience (YE) playing football. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Three high schools. PARTICIPANTS: 120 (male; n = 118, female; n = 2, 15.57 ± 1.23 years) participants were recruited from 5 high school teams (3 varsity and 2 junior-varsity). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: SE, days of IP, and YE playing tackle football. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SE was measured using a 53-question survey and categorized into 5 subscales. The accumulation of total

Monitoring of mercury in the mesopelagic domain of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans using body feathers of Bulwer's petrel as a bioindicator.

Global mercury pollution has markedly and consistently grown over the past 70 years (although with regional variations in trends) and is a s … rom the Atlantic Ocean (Portugal and Cape Verde) and two colonies from the Pacific Ocean (Japan and Hawaii). We found significantly lower levels of mercury in adult and chick samples from the Pacific Ocean compared with samples from the Atlantic Ocean. However, we did not detect differences in trophic position of chicks among colonies and oceans, suggest …

Management of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: The Hawai'i Experience.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a growing problem amongst children in Hawai'i as well as throughout the world. With increasing rates of childhood obesity, SCFEs are affecting more patients at younger ages. This makes the treatment of SCFEs critical as many children with SCFEs have significant growth remaining. There are a host of treatment options based on different classification schemes which can make it difficult to determine the appropriate care for a SCFE patient. In our practice, patients are treated based on a combination of angular displacement, stability as defined by Lode

Housing First and Photovoice: Transforming Lives, Communities, and Systems.

This article presents findings from a community-based participatory evaluation of a Housing First program on the Island of O'ahu. In this study, clients in a Housing First program used Photovoice to evaluate the program and to advocate for progressive housing policies. Written together by members of the Housing First Photovoice group, this collaborative article describes the outcomes from both the Housing First program and the Photovoice project and demonstrates the ways in which participatory program evaluations can interact with client-driven programs like Housing First to produce a cumulati

Recommendations for Contraception: Examining the Role of Patients' Age and Race.

The literature suggests that women of different races are more or less likely to use certain contraceptive methods and patient race can infl … s randomly assigned to represent one of five racial/ethnic groups (White, Chinese, Filipina, Native Hawaiian, and Micronesian). Recommendations were analyzed using χ2 tests and bivariate logistic regressions. For the younger patient, students were most likely to recommend intrauterine devices (IUDs), followed by the contraceptive pill and Etonogestrel im …

Quantitative PCR-based detection of pathogenic Leptospira in Hawai'ian coastal streams.

Pathogenic Leptospira, the causative agents of leptospirosis, are mainly associated with tropical freshwaters, but little is known about their fate in the environment. This study analyzed the distribution of pathogenic Leptospira genomes in 22 tropical coastal streams using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Statistical analyses were conducted to understand pathogenic Leptospira associations with water quality parameters, land use, microbial source tracking (MST) markers, and fecal indicators. Results indicated that pathogenic Leptospira genomes were widespread in O'ahu coastal str

HIV/AIDS in Hawai'i: state of the state.

This paper describes the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Hawai'i over the last decade and identifies characteristics of those infected, including race/ethnicity, age, and risk behaviors related to HIV acquisition. State-based HIV/AIDS surveillance and counseling and testing data were reviewed, along with a comprehensive review of HIV/AIDS-related literature and reports emerging from agencies in Hawai'i. Recent legislative measures concerning HIV testing, counseling and HIV reporting were reviewed and summarized. Hawai'i continues to have low HIV/AIDS prevalence compared to other US states. There have bee

Circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: a site-specific comparison.

BACKGROUND: Lack of circumcision has been identified as a risk factor for male genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, although this association has not been consistently supported. METHODS: Specimens for HPV testing were collected from a cohort of 379 (primarily heterosexual) adult males. HPV prevalence in the glans penis and coronal sulcus, penile shaft, scrotum, semen, and urine was compared by circumcision status. RESULTS: Overall, HPV DNA prevalence ranged from 6% in semen to 52% in the penile shaft. The prevalence of any HPV infection in the glans/corona was significantly higher

Testing comparative phylogeographic models of marine vicariance and dispersal using a hierarchical Bayesian approach.

BACKGROUND: Marine allopatric speciation is an enigma because pelagic larval dispersal can potentially connect disjunct populations thereby … comparative phylogeographic data sets consisting of cowrie gastropod endemics co-distributed in the Hawaiian (11 taxon-pairs) and Marquesan archipelagos (7 taxon-pairs). RESULTS: Given the Marquesan data, we find strong evidence of simultaneous colonization across all seven cowrie gastropod endemics co-distributed in the Marquesas. In contrast, the lowe …

A prospective study of the attributable risk of cancer due to cigarette smoking.

BACKGROUND: The goals of this study were to measure the impact of cigarette smoking on cancer incidence and to determine the attributable risk of cancer due to smoking. METHODS: A cigarette smoking history was obtained from 8006 Japanese-American men examined from 1965 through 1968. After 22 years, 1389 incident cases of cancer were identified. There were 212 men with lung cancer; 202 with oral, esophageal, laryngeal, pancreatic, renal, ureteral, or bladder (oral-bladder) cancer; and 975 with cancer at other sites. RESULTS: Current smokers at time of examination had a higher incidence than n

Travel, time zones, and sudden cardiac death. Emporiatric pathology.

In an 11-year retrospective study of coroner's autopsies on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, it was found that an unusual and apparently unique subset of travelers died suddenly. Death was caused by coronary arteriosclerosis, was characterized by acute coronary changes, and occurred in a group younger than the usual age for sudden cardiac death. Visitors with two-vessel disease had an incidence of sudden death nearly four times that of Kauaians (p less than 0.02), with a ninefold increase of coronary thrombosis (p less than 0.001), a sixfold prevalence of old myocardial infarcts (p less than 0.00…

Impacts of an oviposition deterrent pheromone and nanoparticle clay on Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) behavior under laboratory conditions.

Anthonomus eugenii Cano, the pepper weevil, is a devastating pest of peppers (Capsicum spp.). A. eugenii is a pest in both field and greenhouse pepper production across North America, with field production generally impacted in Central America, Mexico, the southern United States, and Hawaii, and greenhouse production being impacted in the northern United States and Canada. The life cycle of A. eugenii primarily occurs inside a pepper fruit, protecting these stages from contact-based insecticidal sprays. Only the adult stage is susceptible to chemical management strategies. However, these strat…

Phylogenomic analyses reveal introgression and cryptic speciation in the globally distributed, vector-transmitted pathogen Plasmodium relictum.

Establishing species limits is challenging, particularly for pathogens of wildlife. These pathogens can be difficult to sample and culture, … ies. One of the cryptic species, GRW4, devastated the endemic and immunologically naïve avifauna of Hawaii after its introduction to the islands ca. 100 years ago, and so was tested for positive selection in the GRW4 Hawaiian clade. Although we hypothesized it would be released from host selective pressures, we did not find evidence of positive selection …

Эпидемиология множественного склероза: глобальные, региональные, национальные и субнациональные оценки и будущие прогнозы.

ИСТОРИЯ ВОПРОСА: Эпидемиология множественных склерозов (МС) является сложной в силу взаимодействия различных факторов риска. В настоящем исследовании дается оценка глобального, регионального, национального и субнационального бремени НР и прогнозируются будущие тенденции. МЕТОДЫ: Данные, полученные в ходе глобального исследования бремени болезней 2021 был проанализирован с целью оценки эпидемиологии MS 1990 в адрес 2021. Данные Всемирного банка использовались для определения социально-демографических прогнозов распространенности НР с использованием многовариантного анализа. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: НА глоба

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is complex due to the interaction of various risk factors. This study assesses the g … such as Utah, Montana, and Rhode Island had incidence rates double those of southern states such as Hawaii, Mississippi and Louisiana. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of MS is rising worldwide, especially in developed countries. To reduce this burden, it is essential to understand the distribution and risk factors of MS, and to address healthcare disparities in …

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Diet quality based on inflammatory potential, assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), has been related to mortality, but studies from racially/ethnically diverse populations are scarce. Using data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study in Hawaii and California, we investigated the association of the DII with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality, both overall and by race/ethnicity. The analysis included 150,405 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and Whites aged 45⁻75 years, with 47,436 deaths during an average follow-up of 18.2 ± 4.9 …

Environmental Predictors of US County Mortality Patterns on a National Basis.

A growing body of evidence has found that mortality rates are positively correlated with social inequalities, air pollution, elevated ambient temperature, availability of medical care and other factors. This study develops a model to predict the mortality rates for different diseases by county across the US. The model is applied to predict changes in mortality caused by changing environmental factors. A total of 3,110 counties in the US, excluding Alaska and Hawaii, were studied. A subset of 519 counties from the 3,110 counties was chosen by using systematic random sampling and these samples w…

Understanding the role of conscientiousness in healthy aging: where does the brain come in?

In reviewing this impressive series of articles, I was struck by 2 points in particular: (a) the fact that the empirically oriented articles … twin studies focusing on personality and health-related outcomes (e.g., Terman Life Cycle study and Hawaii longitudinal studies, as described in the article by Kern et al., 2014).