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Simultaneous progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection and cerebral parenchymal infiltration during chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

We report a non-HIV patient who had B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and diffuse cerebral leukemic parenchymal infiltration in the presence of JC virus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cerebral co-infection. Multiple subcortical hypodensities lining the cortico-subcortical junction were present within the white matter on computerized tomography (CT) scan, with large areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). JCV DNA was identified in peripheral blood nuclear cells and cerebrospinal fluid pol…

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Lesions of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often have mono … iruses I and II, and human T-cell lymphotropic viruses I, II, and III. We confirmed the presence of JC virus in each lesion; polymerase chain reaction revealed HIV genome only in one. Inflammatory PML lesions in HIV+ patients do not reflect co-infection with toxoplasmosis or viruses commonly seen in these patients. The mononuclear cells are primarily T lym …

Update on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe, often fatal, opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system that is mainly seen in the context of AIDS and certain monoclonal immune-suppressive therapies. The causative agent, a polyoma virus, named JC virus infects only humans and there is no animal model for PML. This update focuses on information gathered in recent years on the pathogenesis of the disorder, on several clinical aspects associated with diagnosis and therapy, and on the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), a complication associated with …

Efficient uptake of blood-borne BK and JC polyomavirus-like particles in endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and renal vasa recta.

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized scavenger cells that mediate high-capacity clearance of soluble waste macromolecules and colloid material, including blood-borne adenovirus. To explore if LSECs function as a sink for other viruses in blood, we studied the fate of virus-like particles (VLPs) of two ubiquitous human DNA viruses, BK and JC polyomavirus, in mice. Like complete virions, VLPs specifically bind to receptors and enter cells, but unlike complete virions, they cannot replicate. 125I-labeled VLPs were used to assess blood decay, organ-, and hepatocellular distri

A Rare Case of Cerebellar Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy due to Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disorder caused by reactivation of JC virus during a time of cell mediated immune suppression. One potential rare cause of PML is Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) in which there is an unexplained deficit of CD4 T cells. We present a case of cerebellar PML in the absence of known immunosuppression leading to the diagnosis of ICL.

Low prevalence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in India and Africa: is there a biological explanation?

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clade C virus is the most common form of HIV infection in the world. It largely infects po … speculate on the possible biological reasons, including viral strain differences as well as HIV and JC virus interactions, that may account for the low incidence.

Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 2.

The first part of this review ended with a discussion of new niches for known viruses as illustrated by viral central nervous system (CNS) disease associated with organ transplant and the syndrome of human herpesvirus 6-associated posttransplant acute limbic encephalitis. In this part, we begin with a continuation of this theme, reviewing the association of JC virus-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with novel immunomodulatory agents. This part then continues with emerging viral infections associated with importation of infected animals (monkeypox virus), then spread …

JC polyomavirus DNA detection in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data about the use and clinical value of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) DNA detection in various clinical indications. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 410 patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, urine, or tissue samples had been collected for JCPyV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between 2012 and 2018. RESULTS: JCPyV DNA was analyzed in 224 plasma, 190 CSF-, 32 urine and 10 tissue samples. 240 patients had a history of hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation, 159 had nephrological disease, 90 had hematologic malignancies, 5

Multiple Opportunistic Infections as the Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in an Ecuadorian Immigrant.

Advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to occur in those with social, educational, and cultural barriers to accessing healthcare. A 27-year-old Ecuadorian man presented with vomiting, epigastric pain, fever, weakness, and weight loss. He had advanced AIDS, with opportunistic infections including disseminated histoplasmosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and JC virus brain infection. Despite prior repeated contact with local, US-based healthcare, sexual history and HIV screening were never performed. Missed opportunities to identify HIV infecti…

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4+lymphocytopenia: a case report and review of reported cases.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a well recognized demyelinating neurological disorder caused by JC virus. Idiopathic CD4(+) lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a syndrome first described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a CD4(+) count <300 cells/mm(3) or a CD4(+) count that is <20% of the total T cell count on 2 occasions, with no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on testing, and absence of any defined immunodeficiency or therapy that depresses the levels of CD4(+) T cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of PML …

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating disease caused by JC virus, an opportunistic infection of the central nervous system. Although the majority of cases are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), other immunocompromised patients are also at risk. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme in the purine salvage pathway that reversibly converts inosine to hypoxanthine and guanosine to guanine. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a combined immunodeficiency with a profound cellular defect. Neurologic abnormalities are salient features of this s…

Association of neurotropic viruses in HIV-infected individuals who died of secondary complications of tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, or toxoplasmosis in South India.

The frequencies of 10 opportunistic DNA viruses were determined by multiplex real-time PCR in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue of HIV-infected individuals. In the CSF, viruses were detectable in 45/55 cases: JC virus (JCV) in 62%, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 44%, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 25%, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in 3.6%, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in 1.8%, and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in 1.8% of cases. A single virus was detectable in 20 cases, 19 cases had coinfection with two viruses, and 6 cases were positive for three viruses. JCV was detectable in the CSF …

Lipid-specific immunoglobulin M bands in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with a reduced risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during treatment with natalizumab.

OBJECTIVE: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a serious side effect associated with natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS). PML risk increases in individuals seropositive for anti-John Cunningham virus (JC) antibodies, with prolonged duration of natalizumab treatment, and with prior exposure to immunosuppressants. We explored whether the presence of lipid-specific immunoglobulin M oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; IgM bands), a recognized marker of highly inflammatory MS, may identify individuals better able to counteract the potential immunosuppressive

Broad-range PCR-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for detection and typing of adenovirus and other opportunistic viruses in stem cell transplant patients.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are highly susceptible to viral infections. Follow-up after transplantation includes weekly scre … e other viral infection was detected; these included BK virus (n = 41), CMV (n = 30), EBV (n = 26), JC virus (n = 9), and HSV-1 (n = 6). The results of this study suggest that the Viral IC Spectrum assay performed on the PLEX-ID platform is reliable for adenovirus infection diagnosis in immunocompromised patients.

JC Polyomavirus Entry by Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Is Driven by β-Arrestin.

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) establishes a persistent, lifelong, asymptomatic infection within the kidney of the majority of the human population. Under conditions of severe immunosuppression or immune modulation, JCPyV can reactivate in the central nervous system (CNS) and cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal demyelinating disease. Initiation of infection is mediated through viral attachment to α2,6-sialic acid-containing lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc) on the surface of host cells. JCPyV internalization is dependent on serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine subfamily 2 rece

Considerations on a possible viral etiology for B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood.

A large body of evidence supports the hypothesis that an infectious agent is involved in the etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) … , but not cause severe fetal abnormalities. A candidate virus meeting many of these criteria is the JC virus, a member of the polyomavirus family. Implications of the possible etiologic role of JC virus for some cases of childhood ALL (especially those with hyperdiploid leukemia cells) are discussed.

Подход к тестированию JCV с использованием биоаналогичного метода &quot; Натализумб &quot; : консенсусное заявление Соединенного Королевства.

Биоаналоги играют важную роль в области здравоохранения, что может привести к снижению издержек и расширению доступа к лечению. Мы приветствуем использование биологических аналогий при лечении множественного склероза. Серологическое тестирование на вирус JC предписывается в рамках мониторинга безопасности в тех, кто проходит лечение с помощью натальным синдромом. Все данные о стратификации риска PML на сегодняшний день получены в результате использования теста на серостатус вируса JC (JCV). Тест "Immunowell", используемый для определения серостатуса JCV (используемого с Tyruko), не всегда дает

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Biosimilars have an important role to play in healthcare, with the potential to reduce costs and widen access to treatment. We welcome the use of biosimilars in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Serological testing for JC virus is mandated as part of safety monitoring in those treated with natalizumab. All PML risk stratification data to date has come fro…

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following oral fludarabine treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a subacute demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system usually affecting immunocompromised individuals and is due to infection of the oligodendrocytes by the JC virus. A case of PML in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient treated with fludarabine is reported, representing the second such instance in which the diagnosis of the neurological disorder was established by brain biopsy. A 61-year-old man with a 14-year history of B-cell type CLL, for which he had received chlorambucil therapy 10 years earlier, developed progressive …

Macrophage association of polyomavirus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Case report.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in a patient following autologous bone marrow transplantation for a non-Hodgkin's centroblastic lymphoma was studied by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Our observations indicate that a large amount of polyomavirus, most probably JC virus, is taken up and segregated within vacuoles of macrophages by phagocytosis. A relevant role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of PML is emphasized.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The following case describes a constellation of progressive cognitive and motor deficits in a 73-year-old man with cirrhosis and history of … ve condition or treatment, the patient's cirrhosis and age placed him at higher risk for developing JC virus CNS reactivation. In a published case series of patients with PML and no classic immunosuppressive condition that includes several patients with concomitant cirrhosis, prognosis is much worse compared to those with known, reversible causes of immuno …