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Efficient Inactivation of Monkeypox Virus by World Health Organization‒Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols.

Increasing nonzoonotic human monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections urge reevaluation of inactivation strategies. We demonstrate efficient inactivation of MPXV by 2 World Health Organization‒recommended alcohol-based hand rub solutions. When compared with other (re)emerging enveloped viruses, MPXV displayed the greatest stability. Our results support rigorous adherence to use of alcohol-based disinfectants.

Vaccinomics to design a multi-epitope-based vaccine against monkeypox virus using surface-associated proteins.

In 2022, the ongoing multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus-now occurring outside Africa, too is a global health concern. Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus, which causes disease mainly in animals, and then it is transferred to humans. Recently, in the monkeypox epidemic, a large number of human cases emerged while the global health community worked to tackle the outbreak and save lives. Herein, a multi-epitope-based vaccine is designed against monkeypox virus using two surface-associated proteins: MPXVgp002 accession number > YP_010377003.1 and MPXVgp008 accession number > YP_010377007.1 protei…

In silico identification of potential inhibitors of vital monkeypox virus proteins from FDA approved drugs.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently declared the monkeypox outbreak 'A public health emergency of international concern'. The monkeypox virus belongs to the same Orthopoxvirus genus as smallpox. Although smallpox drugs are recommended for use against monkeypox, monkeypox-specific drugs are not yet available. Drug repurposing is a viable and efficient approach in the face of such an outbreak. Therefore, we present a computational drug repurposing study to identify the existing approved drugs which can be potential inhibitors of vital monkeypox virus proteins, thymidylate kinase and D9 …

A protein-based smallpox vaccine protects non-human primates from a lethal monkeypox virus challenge.

Concerns about infections caused by orthopoxviruses, such as variola and monkeypox viruses, drive ongoing efforts to develop novel smallpox vaccines that are both effective and safe to use in diverse populations. A subunit smallpox vaccine comprising vaccinia virus membrane proteins A33, B5, L1, A27 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) ± CpG was administered to non-human primates, which were subsequently challenged with a lethal intravenous dose of monkeypox virus. Alum adjuvanted vaccines provided only partial protection but the addition of CpG provided full protection that was associated with a mor…

Оценка пяти бафферов для активации вируса обезьяны и возможность обнаружения вируса с использованием системы открытого доступа пантерного фьюзиона.

Оперативная диагностика является ключом к сдерживанию вирусных вспышек. Однако для нынешней вспышки обезьянопокса основным сдерживающим фактором для быстрого тестирования является требование о более высоком биосодержании потенциально инфекционных образцов обезьянопоксовых вирусов. Нынешние руководящие принципы ЦКЗ требуют, чтобы процесс экстракции ДНК до усиления ПХВ осуществлялся в соответствии с требованиями биобезопасности уровня 3, если только прививки не проводятся персоналом. Это увеличивает время на поворот и делает некоторые лаборатории недостаточно оснащенными для обработки образцов п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rapid diagnosis is key to containing viral outbreaks. However, for the current monkeypox outbreak the major deterrent to rapid testing is the requirement for higher biocontainment of potentially infectious monkeypox virus specimens. The current CDC guidelines require the DNA extraction process before PCR amplification to be performed under biosafety level 3 …

Development of a rapid and sensitive single-tube RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for monkeypox virus detection.

Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), with outbreaks historically concentrated in West and Central Africa. The current global outbreak of MPXV highlights the urgent need for an efficient detection system. This study presents a novel single-tube recombinase-aided amplification (RAA)-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of MPXV. Optimized to achieve a fluorescence-based sensitivity as low as 0.5 copies per µL within 35 min at 37 °C, the system demonstrates excellent specificity, accurately distinguishing MPXV from other virus…

Detection of monkeypox virus in persons presenting skin lesions; benefits of One Health in passive surveillance.

Mpox is a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV). Cases in Nigeria have risen to endemic status wherein infected persons seeking ethnoveterinary solution approached the Dermatophilosis Centre of the National Veterinary Research Institute. Of the 110 skin lesions seen in 2025, 6 had maculopapular rash suggestive of mpox. These and environmental samples collected in the household of an individual were analysed for generic orthopoxvirus and MPXV-specific antigens by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Two skin and four environmental samples were orthopoxvirus and MPXV positive. These cases…

Identification of 3-cyanoquinolines as broad-spectrum inhibitors of Monkeypox virus and other sexually transmitted pathogens.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major global health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and facilitating the co-transmission of other pathogens. Recent outbreaks of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) have further underscored the urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents effective against emerging and re-emerging sexually transmissible viruses. We report here the design and synthesis of a series of 3-cyanoquinoline-based Src inhibitors to evaluate their antimicrobial efficacy against sexually transmitted pathogens. Among them, compound 7d demonstrated potent inhibitory ac…

A Pathogen-Mimicking Monkeypox Virus Nanovaccine Inspired by Assembly of Viral Antigens with β-Glucan and Dendrimer.

Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic viral disease transmitted by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Viral protein-based nanovaccines hold promise in preventing the infection of MPXV. MPXV-derived antigens (A29L, A35R, and M1R) were capable of eliciting protective immunity and suffered from low immunogenicity. Adjuvants and delivery systems were critical to improving the immunogenicity of antigens. In this study, a pathogen-mimicking nanovaccine was developed by conjugation of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with deoxycholic acid to form cationic nanoparticles as a delivery platform. The three antigens…

Nanotechnology-driven enhancement and modulation of immune responses in monkeypox and respiratory syncytial virus nanovaccine research.

The global health landscape continues to face significant challenges from emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens, notably Monkeypox virus (MPXV) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Traditional vaccine approaches often fall short in providing robust and long-lasting immunity against these evolving threats. Nanotechnology offers transformative potential in this regard, enabling precise modulation and enhancement of immune responses through innovative nanovaccine platforms. This review delves into the latest advancements in nanotechnology-driven vaccine research targeting MPXV and RSV, focus…

Monkeypox virus spreads from cell-to-cell and leads to neuronal death in human neural organoids.

In 2022-23, the world witnessed the largest recorded outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV). Neurological manifestations were reported alongside the detection of MPXV DNA and MPXV-specific antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients. Here, we analyze the susceptibility of neural tissue to MPXV using human neural organoids (hNOs) exposed to a clade IIb isolate. We report susceptibility of several cell types to the virus, including neural progenitor cells and neurons. The virus efficiently replicates in hNOs, as indicated by the exponential increase of infectious viral titers and establishment…

Effect of monkeypox virus B14R protein fragments binding to IL-1β on apoptosis in HeLa cells.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a key mediator of antiviral immunity, and B14R proteins encoded by monkeypox virus (MPV) can interfere with its signaling. This study investigates the differences in IL-1β-binding capacity and apoptotic regulatory effects between two B14R protein isoforms encoded by MPV clades: the truncated B14R-180 (West African clade) and the full-length B14R-326 (Central African clade). METHODS: This study employed bioinformatics approaches to predict the binding affinity between B14R and IL-1β, and validated the findings through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay …

Ultrasensitive single-step CRISPR detection of monkeypox virus in minutes with a vest-pocket diagnostic device.

The emerging monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concern, thereby highlighting the need for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use diagnostics. Here, we develop a single-step CRISPR-based diagnostic platform, termed SCOPE (Streamlined CRISPR On Pod Evaluation platform), for field-deployable ultrasensitive detection of MPXV in resource-limited settings. The viral nucleic acids are rapidly released from the rash fluid swab, oral swab, saliva, and urine samples in 2 min via a streamlined viral lysis protocol, followed by a 10-min single-step recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISP…

Ocular manifestations of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection with viral persistence in ocular samples: A case series.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the clinical presentation and ocular viral dynamics in patients with Monkeypox virus-related ophthalmic disease (MPXROD). METHODS: In this case series, we investigated five consecutive patients with confirmed mpox, diagnosed through a positive Monkeypox virus (MPXV) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test and presenting with ocular symptoms. They were referred from the Reference Center for Sexually Transmitted Infections in São Paulo (CRT) to the Uveitis Sector at the Federal University of São Paulo, between August and December 2022. We performed PCR testing on ocular samp…

Detection of monkeypox virus based on a convenient and sensitive single-step RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a strategy.

The global outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has highlighted the need for rapid molecular diagnostics techniques. In this study, a single-step recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12a system was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of MPXV. The limit of detection of this assay was 1 copy per μL of extracted nucleic acids. A heating lysis method was integrated to further simplify the sample processing workflow and shorten the assay time to 40 min from sample to result. The reaction mixture can be lyophilized to improve its accessibility in resource-limited settings. The …

Efficacy of Disinfectants for Monkeypox Virus Inactivation on High Touch Surface Materials in Low-Resource Settings.

Disinfection efficacy tests were conducted on surface carriers inoculated with the monkeypox virus (MPXV) by applying six disinfectant solutions (and three controls) on six surfaces common in low-resource settings: four nonporous surfaces (stainless steel, glass, plastic, and latex) and two porous surfaces (ceramic and wood). Disinfectants were wiped on carriers in triplicate, with a 1 min contact time: 0.05 and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, two quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based disinfectants, and 1.4% hydrogen peroxide. MPXV was then quantified, and log10 removal values were c…