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Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Homebound Older Adults Receiving Home Medical Care.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to reveal demographic data for care-dependent older adults receiving home medical care and to evaluate whether … by antiplatelet agents (22.6%), magnesium oxide (19.4%), non-benzodiazepine sedatives (17.7%), and benzodiazepines (16.8%). On logistic regression analysis, the number of medications, PIM, and care level 1&2 were associated with a higher likelihood of hospital admission. There was no significant correlation between each PIM and hospital admissions. Regarding …

Polypharmacy, Hyperpolypharmacy, and Associated Dementia: A Southeast Texas Nested Case-Control Study.

Polypharmacy has been hypothesized to contribute to cognitive decline, but population-based evidence remains limited. This nested case-contr … nificantly associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antihypertensives, and dopaminergics showed increased odds for all adverse cognitive outcomes; corticosteroids for ACD and AD; and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics and anticonvulsants for MCI. Polypharmacy itself demonstrated a strong dose-dependent re …

Identifying patients at risk of increased health utilization following lumbar spine surgery.

BACKGROUND: Adequate preoperative identification of patients at risk of significant healthcare utilization after surgery could help guide preoperative decision-making as well as postoperative patient management. While several studies have proposed mechanisms and risk factors for healthcare utilization, no studies have developed a prognostic machine learning model to quantify and functionalize predictions. METHODS: A cohort of lumbar fusion and lumbar decompression surgeries was queried from a tertiary academic medical center from 2002 to 2022. Patient and operative characteristics were system

A Diagnostic Dilemma: Persistent Fever in a Hospitalized Patient With Alcohol Use Disorder and Pneumonia.

Hospitalized patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the interplay of substance use, withdrawal, and coexisting medical conditions. This case presents a 49-year-old man with a history of chronic alcohol overuse and previous alcohol withdrawal seizures, admitted for a right middle lobe pneumonia. Initial management included empiric antibiotics, hydration, and nutritional supplementation. He was also placed on symptom-triggered benzodiazepine therapy, guided by the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar)

Лечение, применяемое людьми, живущими с РС, чтобы уснуть или остаться спящим, влияет на качество сна и дневную сонливость.

Стратегии, используемые людьми, живущими с РС, чтобы уснуть и остаться спящими, и вопрос о том, влияют ли они на качество сна и сон в дневное время, не ясен. МЕТОДЫ: Австралийские участники Продольного исследования MS (n = 1590) самообслуживание, используемое для сна, качества сна и дневного сна. На основе административных данных, собранных за <3 месяца до представления докладов о себе, были выявлены лекарственные средства, которые могут повлиять на сон. Качество сна оценивалось с использованием индекса качества сна Питтсбурга (PSQI); снотворное в дневное время с использованием шкалы сна Epwor

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Strategies used by people living with MS to get to sleep and stay asleep, and whether they impact sleep quality and daytime slee … cription medications had no impact on sleep after adjusting for confounding; but participants using benzodiazepines had poorer sleep quality, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors users had poorer daytime sleepiness.

Value of Flemish Version of the Triage Risk Screening Tool in Predicting Unfavorable Outcomes after Elective Cancer Surgery: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: The Flemish version of the Triage Risk Screening Tool (fTRST), derived from the Triage Risk Screening Tool for assessing risk of readmission to the emergency department, is increasingly used as a simple screening tool in oncology. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the fTRST in the context of elective surgical treatment for urologic cancer patients. METHODS: We included 886 patients who underwent major urologic cancer surgery at our institution between 2020 and 2022 and underwent preoperative screening, including fTRST. We set the fTRST cutoff at 2 and used propensity s

Effect of remimazolam for general anesthesia on postoperative nausea and vomiting : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepines reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV); however, conflicting results have been reported regarding the use of remimazolam, a novel benzodiazepine. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis examines whether remimazolam reduces PONV incidence compared with propofol or volatile agents used in general anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science, were searched on 31 July 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV. Secondary outcomes included PONV severity, rescue antiemetic use, amounts of remifenta…

Screening for Nonmedical Use and Misuse of Prescription Medication by Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Several screening tools have been developed to identify youth with alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco/nicotine use disorders, althou … ssment battery and a structured diagnostic interview that assessed for past-year use of opioids and benzodiazepines. A total of 716 adolescents with complete data for each screening tool and the structured interview were analyzed for this report. RESULTS: Rates of the nonmedical use of prescription medication or prescription medication misuse varied by tool: S2B …

Geriatric Emergency Medication Safety Recommendations (GEMS-Rx): Modified Delphi Development of a High-Risk Prescription List for Older Emergency Department Patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Half of emergency department (ED) patients aged 65 years and older are discharged with new prescriptions. Potentially inapp … : For each round, questionnaire response rates were 91%, 82%, and 64%, respectively. After Round 1, benzodiazepines (mean, 4.60 [SD, 0.70]), skeletal muscle relaxants (4.60 [0.70]), barbiturates (4.30 [1.06]), first-generation antipsychotics (4.20 [0.63]) and first-generation antihistamines (3.70 [1.49]) were prioritized for avoidance. In Rounds 2 and 3, hypnotic …

Adherence to 2020 ESC recommendations on physical activity in a population with different cardiovascular risk levels: A prospective population-based study from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study.

INTRODUCTION: In 2020, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends 150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous-intensity PA per week. While general population PA adherence is suboptimal, its status among those with previous ASCVD or high ASCVD risk remains unknown. We aimed to assess objective adherence to ESC PA recommendations using accelerometer-based measurement among these populations. METHODOLOGY: We used data from the Swiss CoLaus|PsyCoLaus cohort study (2014-2016). PA was measured using a 14-day wrist accelerometer. Adherence was defined as > 80 % of recommended PA achievement.

A cohort of patients in New York State with an alcohol use disorder and subsequent treatment information - A merging of two administrative data sources.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the United States, limited research is focused on the associations among AUD, pain, and opioids/benzodiazepine use. In addition, little is known regarding individuals with a history of AUD and their potential risk for pain diagnoses, pain prescriptions, and subsequent misuse. Moreover, the potential risk of pain diagnoses, prescriptions, and subsequent misuse among individuals with a history of AUD is not well known. The objective was to develop a tailored dataset by linking data from 2 New York State (NYS) administrative

Sex Differences in Oxycodone/Naloxone vs. Tapentadol in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: An Observational Real-World Study.

Despite the large body of research on sex differences in pain, there is a lack of translation to real-world pain management. Our aim was to analyse the sex differences in the analgesic response to oxycodone/naloxone (OXN) and tapentadol (TAP), in comparison with other opioids (OPO) commonly prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted on ambulatory CNCP patients (n = 571). Sociodemographic, clinical (pain intensity, relief, and quality of life), safety (adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions), hospital frequentations and pharmaco

Latent trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults in early treatment for nonmedical opioid use.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the course of anxiety and depressive symptoms in early opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment may inform efforts to promote positive early treatment response and reduce treatment attrition. METHODS: Persons in treatment for nonmedical opioid use were identified from 86 addiction treatment facilities. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms during the first month of treatment among individuals who screened positive for depression (N = 3016) and/or anxiety (N = 2779) at intake. RESULTS: A three-class solution best fit

Incidence and Progression of Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder in Early Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, few longitudinal … se. Age was an independent factor influencing RWA increase (P = 0.04). Sex, LEDD, UPDRS sum scores, benzodiazepines, MMSE total scores, and dyskinesia did not have any significant influence. CONCLUSIONS: RBD and RWA increased significantly over time in PD; time and age were independent factors in a prospective cohort. RBD and RWA can be considered PD progression …

Psychiatric Medication Users by Age and Sex in the United States, 1999-2018.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the rates of psychiatric medication users in the United States between 1999 to 2018 for different medication categories by age and sex. METHODS: The 1999 to 2002, 2006 to 2009, and 2015 to 2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS) were used for the analysis. All individuals with a valid age were included. Any antidepressant, benzodiazepine, attention deficit hyperactivity disease (ADHD) medication, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizer report use was defined as a medication user. Separate multivariable logistic regression predicted medication users by

Medication Burden and Prescribing Patterns in Patients on Hemodialysis in the USA, 2013-2017.

INTRODUCTION: The medication burden of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis, a patient population with a high comorb … ation class in 2013-68.5% in 2017). In particular, the prescribing of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, benzodiazepines, and opioids decreased from 2013 to 2017 (12.2%-6.3%, 23.4%-19.3%, and 60.0%-53.4%, respectively). This trend was consistent across subgroups of age, sex, race, and low-income subsidy status. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ESRD on hemodialysis continue …

Association of opioid fills with centers for disease control and prevention opioid guidelines and payer coverage policies: physician, insurance and geographic factors.

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines and certain healthcare payers have made pharmacy coverage changes (PCC) focusing on regulating prescription opioids. Aim We evaluated differences in the rate of first-time opioid fills at doses ≥ 50 morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day and first-time opioid fills with benzodiazepine fill overlap following the CDC guidelines and following a PCC between provider types, geographic locations, and insurance types. Method We used OptumLabs® Data Warehouse claims data between 2014 and 2018. Subjects were opioid naïv

Associations between eating disorders and illicit drug use among college students.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the associations between a positive eating disorder screen and any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and illicit dru … cit drug use and use of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, stimulants, ecstasy, opioids, benzodiazepines), while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among the sample, 54.34% (n = 28,608) were female and the mean age of participants was 23.30 (SE ± 0.05) years. Logistic regression analyses revealed unique associations between a positive eatin …

Rescue therapies for seizure emergencies: current and future landscape.

INTRODUCTION: Seizure emergencies-status epilepticus and seizure clusters-require rapid evaluation and treatment. Several consensus-based guidelines support a prompt use of intravenous benzodiazepines as the first-line therapy in seizure emergencies. However, most seizure emergencies start outside the hospital settings. Until recently, approved prehospital rescue therapies were limited to rectal diazepam and buccal midazolam (Europe only). METHODS: The author provides a narrative review of rescue therapies for seizure emergencies based on a comprehensive literature review (PubMed and OvidSP v…

Induction of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Mice with Pilocarpine.

In the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rodents, systemic injections of pilocarpine induce continuous, prolonged limbic seizures, a condition termed "Status Epilepticus" (SE). With appropriate doses, many inbred strains of mice show behavioral seizures within an hour after pilocarpine is injected. With the behavioral scoring system based on a modification of the original Racine scale, one can monitor the seizures behaviorally, as they develop into more prolonged seizures and SE. SE is typically associated with damage to subsets of hippocampal neurons and other structural ch