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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Curcumin-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer.

The growing prevalence of age-related diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, has become global health and economic problems. Due to multifactorial nature of both diseases, their pathophysiology is not completely understood so far. Compelling evidence indicates that increased oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their clearance by antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as the proinflammatory state contributes to the development and progression of the diseases. Curcumin (CUR; diferuloylmethane), a well-kn

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… According to the hypothesis that CUR enhances fatty acid utilization as the energy source, and reduces lipid metabolites accumulation, Seo et al. [ 17 ] reported that CUR supplementation increases the skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in insulin-resistant rodents. … Lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle is related to insulin sensitivity. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1991;11(5):1192–1203. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.11.5.1192. 26. Karlsson H. K. R., Zierath J. R. …

A Case Study of a Rare Disease (Fructosemia) Diagnosed in a Patient with Abdominal Pain.

Hereditary fructose intolerance is a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with mutations sometimes occurring spontaneously. Consuming fructose triggers biochemical abnormalities, disrupting liver processes like glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Recent studies have revealed elevated intrahepatic fat levels in affected individuals. Symptoms include aversion to fructose-containing foods, hypoglycemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, and growth delays, with severe cases leading to liver enlargement, fatty liver disease, kidney failure, and life-threatening hypo

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… disease), copper (Wilson’s disease), iron (hemochromatosis), glycogen (glycogen storage diseases), tyrosine, homocysteine, phytanic acid (Refsum syndrome), galactosemia, disorders of β-oxidation of fatty acids, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, protein glycosylation disorders; deficiency of acidic lysosomal lipase … Review of the clinical development of alipogene tiparvovec gene therapy for lipoprotein lipase deficiency. Atheroscler. Suppl. 2010;11:55–60. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2010.03.004. Associated Data Data Availability Statement No new data were created or analyzed in this study. …

Curcumin in Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases.

Over recent decades, many clinical trials on curcumin supplementation have been conducted on various autoimmune diseases including osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, and ulcerative colitis patients. This review attempts to summarize the highlights from these clinical trials. The efficacy of curcumin either alone or in conjunction with existing treatment was evaluated. Sixteen clinical trials have been conducted in osteoarthritis, 14 of which yielded significant improvements in multiple disease parameters. Eight trials have been conducted in type 2 diabetes, all yielding significant improvement i

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… LPL: Lipoprotein lipase. MDA: Malondialdehyde. OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test. PC: Placebo controlled. PO2: Partial pressure of oxygen. RCT: Randomized controlled trial. SOD: Superoxide dismutase. TBF: Total body fat. TGF-B: Transforming growth factor beta 1. TNF-A: Tumor necrosis factor alpha. … LPL: Lipoprotein lipase. MDA: Malondialdehyde. OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test. PC: Placebo controlled. PO2: Partial pressure of oxygen. RCT: Randomized controlled trial. SOD: Superoxide dismutase. TBF: Total body fat. TGF-B: Transforming growth factor beta 1. TNF-A: Tumor necrosis factor alpha. …

Salivary signature in forensic profiling: A scoping review.

BackgroundSaliva has recently served as a primary investigative tool in forensics in the detection of crime, cases of sexual assaults, human and animal bite marks, poisoning, hormone identification, and alcohol and drug abuse.AimThis scoping review aimed to comprehensively identify the role of saliva in comparative and reconstructive identification and propose the concept of salivary signature (SS) in forensics.MethodologyA literature search was performed on electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords, "salivary," "microbiome," and "forensics," and relevant articles identifie

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… It constitutes of 99.5% water and remaining 0.5% enzymes, amylase and lipase, antibacterial compounds such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, electrolytes (sodium and potassium), growth factors, buffers, and also mucus.[ 3 4 ] The constituents of saliva coalesce with microorganisms of oral cavity, blood cells …

Targeting the FGFR signaling pathway in cholangiocarcinoma: promise or delusion?

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a refractory cancer with limited treatment options and poorly understood molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development. The most effective treatment is surgical resection; however, patients are highly prone to recurrence. Moreover, considering that most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, treatment options are restricted to palliative care, which results in poor prognosis. Due to the limited effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic in the field of biliary cancer treatment. The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast gr

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… Drugs | Tumors | Subject numbers | Phase | Adverse events | Severe adverse events Rogaratinib 65 | Urothelial cancer, HNSCC, NSCLC, other tumor types | 126 | I | Hyperphosphatemia, diarrhea, decreased appetite, fatigue, and asymptomatic increased lipase | Decreased appetite and diarrhea, acute kidney … injury, hypoglycemia, retinopathy, and vomiting Debio 1347 66 | Breast and biliary duct cancer | 58 | I | Dry mouth/eyes, hyperamylasemia, hypercalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperphosphatemia, and stomatitis | NA BGJ398, Imatinib 67 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumor | 16 | I/II | CPK elevation, lipase …

The Rise of Oncoendocrinology: How Modern Cancer Therapies Are Reshaping Endocrine Practice.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, CAR T-cell therapy, and antibody-drug conjugates has transformed modern oncology, significantly improving survival across a wide range of malignancies. However, these advances have also introduced a growing spectrum of endocrine and metabolic complications, redefining the scope of endocrine practice. Therapy-induced endocrinopathies, including thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes, pancreatitis, dyslipidemia, gonadal dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome, are recognized as clinically significant and o

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… ASCO guidelines recommend against routine monitoring of amylase or lipase in asymptomatic patients but emphasize prompt workup when suggestive symptoms arise [ 56 ]. … These abnormalities are thought to result from decreased lipoprotein lipase activity, which impairs clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and from reduced LDL receptor expression, which diminishes LDL catabolism. …

Роль и диагностическая значимость Аполипопротеина D в отдельных нейродегенеративных расстройствах.

Всемирная организация здравоохранения в 2021 году назвала болезнь Альцгеймера и другие слабоумия седьмой по величине причиной смерти во всем мире. Нейродегенеративные расстройства являются прогрессивными, трудноразрешимыми и часто смертельными. Ранняя диагностика может дать пациентам возможность долго выжить с ослабленной симптоматологией из-за раннего вмешательства. Поэтому необходимы дальнейшие исследования по поиску неинвазивных биомаркеров нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Apopoprotein D (ApoD) — гликпротеин, содержащийся в липидном метаболизме, регулировании окислительного стресса и воспал

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… ApoD: apolipoprotein D; GAP-43: growth-associated protein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; IL-1α: interleukin-1α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; LCAT: lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; OPN: osteopontin; PLA2: phospholipase 2; PMCA2: plasma membrane calcium ATPase type 2; PPARs: peroxisome … ApoD is also implicated in activating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the enzyme that promotes the breakdown of triglycerides [ 74 ]. ApoD insufficiency is correlated with a 35% reduction in LPL levels in adipose tissue and an increase in triglyceride levels in both young and old mice [ 75 ]. …

Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological Significance

Dietary polyphenols represent a wide variety of compounds that occur in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products. They are mostly derivatives and/or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins and phenolic acids, and possess diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, anti-aging, anticarcinogen, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, cardiovascular protection, improvement of the endothelial function, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation activity. Most of these biological actions have bee

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… Resveratrol could inhibit pancreatic bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) activity, expression and secretion in the rat pancreatic AR4-2J cells [ 121 ]. … In vitro polyphenol effects on activity, expression and secretion of pancreatic bile salt-dependent lipase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2005 1736 67 76 16099206 10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.06.009 122 Aggarwal B.B. Shisodia S. …

BRAF-targeted therapy in non-melanomatous BRAF-mutant tumours: a systematic review of broad but histology-modulated efficacy.

BACKGROUND: Tumour agnostic therapies represent a paradigm shift in oncology. BRAF inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in melanoma. However, their role in non-melanomatous cancers was originally contentious. This systematic review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BRAF-targeted therapies, both as monotherapy and in combination with other targeted therapies, in BRAF-mutated, non-melanomatous tumours. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL was conducted from January 2010 to January 2025. Eligible studies included prospective and retrospective tr

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… Salama [ 37 ] 150 mg BD Trametinib The most common grade 3 AEs felt to be possibly related to treatment were fatigue, neutropenia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia; there was 1 grade 4 sepsis Tian [ 48 ] DNS Sparatlizumab (PDR001), and trametinib Most common AE (grade 3 or greater) was increased lipase … ] | 150 mg BD | Trametinib | The most common grade 3 AEs felt to be possibly related to treatment were fatigue, neutropenia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia; there was 1 grade 4 sepsis Tian [ 48 ] | DNS | Sparatlizumab (PDR001), and trametinib | Most common AE (grade 3 or greater) was increased lipase …

Adenocarcinoma of an Unknown Primary Site: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare metastatic disease in which a primary tumor site cannot be identified. CUP is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring prior workup to identify a primary site. We present a case of a 64-year-old male with vague abdominal pain, a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, esophagitis, hepatitis C, alcoholic pancreatitis, liver hemangioma, and Warthin tumor, and family history of cancer that was found to have CUP. The diagnosis was made after an extensive workup was done including serum tumor markers, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasou

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… Lipase levels were within normal limits. Further laboratory investigations were positive for hepatitis C antibody with hepatitis C viral (HCV) load less than 15 IU/mL and HCV Log10 less than 1.18 log IU/mL (normal: 1.0-8.0 log IU/mL). …

Metastatic Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Obstructive Jaundice.

Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. It can arise from almost any site and is usually associated with extensive metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Due to the rarity of this cancer, very limited data is available in the literature and most of the recommendations for its evaluation and treatment are based on retrospective studies and expert opinion. This case report shares one such presentation of EPSCC. A 78-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with presenting symptoms of abdominal pain and discoloration of the eyes and urine for 2 months.

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… His lipase level was normal. Urinalysis showed large bilirubin and urobilinogen. CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast showed liver cirrhosis with multiple hypodensities in the liver concerning metastatic disease. …

Natural-History Mapping of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs): Gaucher Disease as a Model for Precision Care.

Natural-history datasets have become pivotal for drug development and for shaping clinical-practice guidelines in rare diseases, yet many ly … ncluding olipudase alfa for ASMD, cerliponase alfa for CLN2, vestronidase alfa for MPS VII, and sebelipase alfa for infantile-onset LAL-D-demonstrating that well-curated registries can serve as viable external controls for future LSD submissions. The convergence of deep phenotyping, genotype-aware analytics, and systematic biomarker capture promises to t …

Management of Gaucher Disease Type 1 in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Pediatric Case Study.

This case report depicts the management of an 8-year-old male with Gaucher Disease Type 1, manifesting as massive splenomegaly, anemia, and skeletal involvement in a resource-constrained environment. Treated with splenectomy due to the absence of enzyme replacement therapy, it underscores the necessity for enhanced therapeutic access and comprehensive care.

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… Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL‐D)—A metabolic disorder causing lipid accumulation, leading to hepatomegaly and spleen enlargement, similar to GD. …

The Benefit of Telemonitoring in the Prevention of Septic Shock in a Patient with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Telemonitoring is a great tool for vital signs monitoring in patients at high risk of severe life-threatening infections, such as haemato-oncological patients. As it can detect early symptoms of an infection, it allows early reaction and, therefore, can help prevent the progression of the infection into severe sepsis. We present a case report of a 69-year-old patient with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing intensive immunochemotherapy. The treatment was complicated by two episodes of Gram-negative bacterial (G-) infection. During the first episode, the patient was admitted to the hospi

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… × 10 12 /L | ALP | 1.03 | μkat/L Haemoglobin | 78 | g/L | LDH | 2.8 | μkat/L Haematocrit | 0.226 | | Bilirubin | 16.4 | μmol/L MCV | 87 | fL | CRP | 121.1 | mg/L Platelets | 27 | × 10 9 /L | Glucose | 9.29 | mmol/L MCH | 30 | pg | Protein | 47.6 | g/L MCHC | 345 | g/L | Albumin | 34 | g/L | | | Lipase …

Successful treatment of hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with T cell lymphoma, EBV infection, and bone marrow necrosis: A case report.

RationaleHemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is associated with a high mortality rate, and Epstein-Barr virus infection and hematological malignancies, especially T/natural killer cell lymphomas, are the most common causes; however, due to the complexity of clinical manifestations, the diagnosis is usually delayed. There are few reports of lymphoma-associated HPS (LAPS) in combination with bone marrow necrosis, and there is still no standard treatment for LAPS.Patient concernsA 64-year-old man developed a fever, mild jaundice, fatigue, and bone pain. Positron emission tomography and bone marrow biop

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… IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α are responsible for fever, whereas interferon-γ and TNF-α contribute to hypertriglyceridemia by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and stimulating triglyceride synthesis. …

IL1B Полиморфизм (rs1143634) и IL-1β Концентрация плазмы в качестве предсказателей расстройств питания и прогнозирующих факторов у многих пациентов с миеломой.

Множественная миелома (ММ) — гематологическая опухоль раннего прекурсора клеток В. Наиболее характерные симптомы, наблюдаемые во время MM, включают гипокалкемию, анемию, бактериальные инфекции и почечные повреждения. Отмечаются расстройства питания, особенно недоедание 35-71% Пациентов MM. Interleukin 1 бета (IL-1β) — цитокин, производящий мускулистую атрофию и липолиз во время недоедания и качексии. Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке полезности полиморфизма однонуклеотида IL1B (SNP) (rs1143634) и плазменной концентрации IL-.1β при оценке риска нарушения питания и прогнозирования у п

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… Furthermore, IL-1β plays an important role in activating lipolysis by promoting adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). High levels of IL-1β promote the production of lipid mobilizing factor (LMF), which stimulates increased lipolysis [ 23 ]. …

Selinexor in combination with topotecan in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors: Results of an open-label, single-center, multi-arm phase Ib study.

Background Selinexor, a first-in-class, oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound inhibits Exportin-1(XPO1), had demonstrated synergistic activity with many chemotherapies and conferred in vivo antitumor efficacy in hematologic as well as solid tumors. Methods This open-label, single-center, multi-arm phase 1b study used a standard 3 + 3 design and a "basket type" expansion. Selinexor with intravenous topotecan was given in one of the 13 parallel arms. Patients with advanced or metastatic relapsed/refractory solid tumors following prior systemic therapy, or in whom the additio

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… 0 4 (29) 0 Diarrhea 4 (29) 0 3 (21) 0 Nausea 9 (64) 1 (7) 7 (50) 1 (7) Vomiting 8 (57) 1 (7) 8 (57) 1 (7) Elevated AST/ALT 4 (29) 0 2 (14) 0 Elevated Alkaline phosphatase 5 (36) 0 3 (21) 0 Fatigue 11 (79) 1 (7) 7 (50) 1 (7) Hyperglycemia 10 (71) 1 (7) 0 0 Hyperkalemia 4 (29) 1 (7) 2 (14) 0 Elevated lipase … 1 (7) | 7 (50) | 1 (7) Vomiting | 8 (57) | 1 (7) | 8 (57) | 1 (7) Elevated AST/ALT | 4 (29) | 0 | 2 (14) | 0 Elevated Alkaline phosphatase | 5 (36) | 0 | 3 (21) | 0 Fatigue | 11 (79) | 1 (7) | 7 (50) | 1 (7) Hyperglycemia | 10 (71) | 1 (7) | 0 | 0 Hyperkalemia | 4 (29) | 1 (7) | 2 (14) | 0 Elevated lipase …

The GH-IGF-SST system in hepatocellular carcinoma: biological and molecular pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Different signalling pathways have been identified to be implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC; among these, GH, IGF and somatostatin (SST) pathways have emerged as some of the major pathways implicated in the development of HCC. Physiologically, GH-IGF-SST system plays a crucial role in liver growth and development since GH induces IGF1 and IGF2 secretion and the expression of their receptors, involved in hepatocytes cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. On the other hand, somatostatin receptors (SSTRs

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… Recently, it has been demonstrated that the lipolytic enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibits HCV infection by blocking virus cell entry in a HCC cell line [ 92 ]. … Lipoprotein lipase inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by blocking virus cell entry. Plos One. 2011;6(10):e26637. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026637. Sukhanov SVC, Higashi Y, Titterington J, Delafontaine P. …

Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages.

Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrop

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… Wolman’s disease and cholesteryl ester storage disorder: The phenotypic spectrum of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2017;2:670–679. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30052-3. 190. … Adult cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) with anemia, mesenteric lipodystrophy, increased plasma chitotriosidase activity and a homozygous lysosomal acid lipase −1 exon 8 splice junction mutation. J. Hepatol. 1999;31:741–746. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80356-0. …

Obesity: pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.

Over the past few decades, obesity has transitioned from a localized health concern to a pressing global public health crisis affecting over 650 million adults globally, as documented by WHO epidemiological surveys. As a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by pathological adipose tissue expansion, chronic inflammation, and neuroendocrine dysregulation that disrupts systemic homeostasis and impairs physiological functions, obesity is rarely an isolated condition; rather, it is frequently complicated by severe comorbidities that collectively elevate mortality risks. Despite advances in nutr

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… Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, commonly induces gastrointestinal complications such as steatorrhea and constipation due to impaired fat absorption, with rare cases linked to fatal outcomes [ 303 ]. … Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors Frans et al. demonstrated that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN), bioactive extracts from Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) , competitively inhibit PL activity. …