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Cytokine Release Syndrome in the Immunotherapy of Hematological Malignancies: The Biology behind and Possible Clinical Consequences.

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is an acute systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by fever and multiple organ dysfunction associated with (i) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, (ii) therapeutic antibodies, and (iii) haploidentical allogeneic stem cell transplantation (haplo-allo-HSCT). Severe CRS can be life-threatening in some cases and requires prompt management of those toxicities and is still a great challenge for physicians. The pathophysiology of CRS is still not fully understood, which also applies to the identifications of predictive biomarkers that can forecast the

Данные о дисфункции мозга в крови и синтезе иммуноглобулина CSF в расстройстве регрессии синдрома Дауна.

ЦЕЛИ: Данное исследование было направлено на оценку протеомических, метаболомических и иммунных сигнатур в цереброспинной жидкости лиц с нарушением регрессии синдрома Дауна (DDRD). МЕТОДЫ: Было проведено перспективное исследование по контролю за конкретными случаями, сравнивающее протеомные, метаболомные и иммунные профили у отдельных лиц с ДСРД. Образцы были получены из биорепозитории затронутых лиц по сравнению с клиническими данными и ранее были получены результаты нейродиагностических исследований. Лица с ДСРД сравнивались с лицами с установленными нейро-воспалительными заболеваниями (напр

Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

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… Moreover, inappropriate activation of plasma protein cascades and leukocytes by activated endothelium and exposed matrix proteins can contribute to systemic inflammation (systemic inflammatory response syndrome; see Chapter 13.7 for more information) characterized by hypotension, generalized vascular …

Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Emergency Care: Futuristic Perspectives.

Regenerative medicine (RM) is an interdisciplinary field that aims to repair, replace or regenerate damaged or missing tissue or organs to function as close as possible to its physiological architecture and functions. Stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells retaining self-renewal potential, excessive proliferation and differentiation capacity into offspring or daughter cells that form different lineage cells of an organism, are considered as an important part of the RM approaches. They have been widely investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for therapeutic purposes. Extracellula

Evidence for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins--a review of the literature.

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) were first introduced in the middle of the twentieth century for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. In 1981, Paul Imbach noticed an improvement of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, in patients receiving IVIg for immunodeficiencies. This opened a new era for the treatment of autoimmune conditions with IVIg. Since then, IVIg has become an important treatment option in a wide spectrum of diseases, including autoimmune and acute inflammatory conditions, most of them off-label (not included in the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation). A panel

Unveiling the shared etiology between gastrointestinal disorders and valvular heart diseases through a genome-wide pleiotropy study.

This study explores the genetic link between gastrointestinal disorders and valvular heart disease (VHD), aiming to clarify shared mechanisms through a genome-wide pleiotropy analysis. We assessed the genetic correlation between six gastrointestinal disorders-including GERD, IBS, PUD, IBD, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis-and VHD, employing methods like linkage disequilibrium score regression and pleiotropic analysis under a composite null hypothesis. Our results show significant genetic correlations, particularly with GERD (rg = 0.211), IBS (rg = 0.23), and PUD (rg = 0.21). Fifteen var

CAR-T cell therapy for treatment-refractory rheumatic autoimmune diseases: a systematic review of clinical outcomes and safety profiles.

OBJECTIVES: Current therapeutic paradigms for treatment-refractory rheumatic diseases rely on chronic immunosuppression with variable efficacy and potential for cumulative toxicity. We systematically synthesised evidence on the clinical efficacy, safety and durability of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42025641602). Five databases were searched from inception to February 2025 for primary studies inves

Current advancements in cellular immunotherapy for autoimmune disease.

The management of autoimmune diseases is currently limited by therapies that largely suppress the immune system, often resulting in partial and temporary remissions. Cellular immunotherapies offer a targeted approach by redirecting immune cells to correct the underlying autoimmunity. This review explores the latest advances in cellular immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases, focusing on various strategies, such as the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, chimeric auto-antibody receptor (CAAR) T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs). We review r

Septic Hyperinflammation-Is There a Role for Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques?

This manuscript investigates the role of extracorporeal blood purification techniques in managing septic hyperinflammation, a critical aspect of sepsis characterized by an uncontrolled immune response leading to multiorgan dysfunction. We provide an overview of sepsis, focusing on the dynamics of immune response, the involvement of neutrophils, and the role of the endothelium in the disease's progression. It evaluates the effectiveness of various blood purification methods, including high-cut-off membranes, high-volume hemofiltration, adsorption techniques, and albumin dialysis, in removing cy

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… Innate immune functions of immature neutrophils in patients with sepsis and severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Crit. Care Med. 2013;41:820–832. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318274647d. 15. Nierhaus A., Linssen J., Wichmann D., Braune S., Kluge S. …

Serum Interleukin-6 is Not Linked with Sleep-Quality, Restless Legs Syndrome, and Depression, But with 6-Month Survival in Hematological Malignancies.

BackgroundSerum interleukin (IL)-6 has been found to be associated with sleep quality, mood, and survival in patients with solid tumors. Results in these studies were confounded by knowledge of diagnosis to study subjects. Moreover, such data among subjects with hematological malignancies and data regarding restless legs syndrome is limited. The present study was, therefore, conducted to assess the sleep quality, depression, and restless leg syndrome in hematological malignancies and to study if there is any role of IL6 associated with it.MethodsSixty-six subjects having hematological malignan

Объединение терапевтического плазменного обмена с функциональными результатами в отдельных неврологических расстройствах: ретроспективное когортное исследование из одного третичного центра в Саудовской Аравии.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Неврологические расстройства связаны со значительной заболеваемостью и воздействием на здоровье. Терапевтический плазменный обмен (TPE) представляет собой вмешательство, которое удаляет патогенные антитела, иммунные комплексы и другие плазменные компоненты из циркуляции. Предыдущие исследования свидетельствуют о том, что ППО может быть увязано с улучшением результатов в отдельных неврологических расстройствах. ЦЕЛИ: Оценка функциональных результатов после терапевтического обмена плазмой у пациентов с отдельными неврологическими расстройствами в Национальной гвардии по вопросам здра

Alternative management of Covid-19 infection.

Cytokine storm is a life-threatening complication of Covid-19 infection. Excessive cytokines are the products of hyperactive immune inflammatory response mounted by the host against the virus. There is no agreed treatment for cytokine storm. Three therapeutic agents with proven immune-modulatory properties in regular use in a wide range of inflammatory disorders (high dose intravenous immunoglobulin, Rituximab and thalidomide) are proposed for the treatment of cytokine storm. Safety and efficacy of the proposed treatment should be assessed by randomised controlled clinical trials. The use of t

Улучшения в множественном склерозе.

Растет глобальная распространенность множественного склероза (MS), а ранняя диагностика и лечение имеют важное значение для смягчения последствий инвалидности. Несмотря на то, что в последнее время терапевтические достижения привели к значительному сокращению числа рецидивов, прогрессивные и дегенеративные аспекты НР по-прежнему создают серьезные проблемы. Обновление в этом году диагностических критериев McDonald направлено на повышение чувствительности и содействие более раннему использованию методов лечения асимптоматических заболеваний. Кроме того, новые биомаркеры получат развитие в клинич

Oncologic Emergencies: Immune-Based Cancer Therapies and Complications.

Cancer therapies have undergone several recent advancements. Current cancer treatments include immune-based therapies comprised of checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive immunotherapy; each treatment has the potential for complications that differ from chemotherapy and radiation. This review evaluates immune-based therapies and their complications for emergency clinicians. Therapy complications include immune-related adverse events (irAE), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), autoimmune toxicity, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES). Immune-related adverse

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… Patients with CRS require admission and consultation with oncology due to the potential severe nature of the condition. 104 – 106 Differentiating CRS from infection and sepsis is difficult, as patients will typically meet systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and have greater than two points … Procalcitonin does discriminate between sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(2):117–120. doi: 10.1136/adc.2005.077446. 127. Teachey DT, Lacey SF, Shaw PA, et al. …

Cardiotoxicity Associated with Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy: Recognition, Risk Factors, and Management.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) are improving outcomes in pediatric and adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias and subtypes of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. As this treatment is being increasingly utilized, a better understanding of the unique toxicities associated with this therapy is warranted. While there is growing knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), relatively little is known about the associated cardiac events that occur with CRS that may result in prolonged length of hospital stay, admission to the inten

Comprehensive Review of Early and Late Toxicities in CAR T-Cell Therapy and Bispecific Antibody Treatments for Hematologic Malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (or CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, offering new options for relapsed or refractory cases. However, these therapies carry risks of early complications, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and delayed issues like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, and secondary cancers. Effective management requires early diagnosis using advanced biomarkers and imaging, along with prompt interventions involving immunos

Усовершенствованная последовательность транскриптомов и искусственный интеллект/машинное обучение (AI/ML) в имитируемом псориазом воспалении кератиноцитов человека.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Несмотря на то, что модель Keratinocyte HaCAT использовалась в предыдущих исследованиях для изучения воздействия антипсориатических агентов, по-прежнему отсутствует полное понимание механизма имитируемого имимодом распространения и трансдукции сигналов в псориазных кератиноцитах. ЦЕЛИ: Данное исследование было направлено на изучение молекулярных механизмов и путей, связанных с воспалением, подобным псориазу, в результате IMQ в кератиноцитах человека. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Клетки HACAT подвергались воздействию различных концентраций IMQ, чтобы вызвать воспаление, аналогичное тому, котор

New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system.

Since early December 2019, a number of pneumonia cases associated with unknown coronavirus infection were identified in Wuhan, China, and many additional cases were identified in other regions of China and in other countries within 3 months. Currently, more than 80,000 cases have been diagnosed in China, including more than 3000 deaths. The epidemic is spreading to the rest of the world, posing a grave challenge to prevention and control. On February 12, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the World Health Organization officially named the novel coronavirus and associa

Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Lipids in Hematological Malignancies.

One of the main groups of lipids is phospholipids, which are mainly involved in forming cell membranes. Neoplastic processes such as cell replication have increased lipid synthesis, making tumor cells dependent on this synthesis to maintain their requirements. Antiphospholipid antibodies attack phospholipids in the cell membranes. Three main types of antiphospholipid antibodies are recognized: anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GP-I), anticardiolipin (aCL), and lupus anticoagulant (LA). These types of antibodies have been proven to be present in hematological neoplasms, particularly in LH and NHL.

Long-term treatment outcome of Castleman's disease: A real-world experience.

BACKGROUND: Castleman disease (CD), classified as unicentric CD (UCD) or multicentric CD (MCD), is a rare non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown origin. Owing to its rarity, the clinical characteristics, therapeutic modalities, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors related to UCD or MCD are not well defined. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 88 patients with CD, including those with hyaline-vascular, plasma-cell, mixed type, hypervascular, and plasmablastic subtypes, for presenting symptoms, physical, laboratory, and radiologic findings, and treatment response in the Ko