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White matter differences predict cognitive vulnerability to sleep deprivation.

OBJECTIVES: In other disciplines, white matter (WM) differences have been linked to cognitive impairments. This study sets out to clarify wh … TSD was correlated with lower FA values in multiple regions of white matter, including the genu of corpus callosum and ascending and longitudinal white matter pathways. Significantly higher FA values in those less vulnerable to TSD, indicating increased neural connectivity and WM organization, may moderate the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS …

Phenotype-genotype characterization of alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome due to isolated monosomy of 16p13.3.

An 8-year-old Caucasian girl presented with mild dysmorphic features and intellectual disability (ID) affecting multiple spheres. Dysmorphisms included a high forehead with up-slanting palpebral fissures, prominent nasal root and bridge, flattened maxilla, high-arched palate, and anterior frenulum. Structural brain anomalies included reduced periventricular white matter volume and thin corpus callosum. The presence of HbH bodies and her clinical presentation raised suspicion for autosomal alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-16). Whole-genome array analysis at 1 Mb resolution was…

Brain volume reductions within multiple cognitive systems in male preterm children at age twelve.

OBJECTIVES: To more precisely examine regional and subregional microstructural brain changes associated with preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN: We obtained brain volumes from 29 preterm children, age 12 years, with no ultrasound scanning evidence of intraventricular hemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia in the newborn period, and 22 age- and sex-matched term control subjects. RESULTS: Preterm male subjects demonstrated significantly lower white matter volumes in bilateral cingulum, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, prefrontal cortex, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi com…

A review of 35 cases of asymmetric crying facies.

A review of 35 cases of asymmetric crying facies: Congenital asymmetric crying facies (ACF) is caused by congenital hypoplasia or agenesis o … s were cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, mega-cisterna magna, mental motor retardation, convulsions, corpus callosum dysgenesis, cranial bone defect, dermoid cyst, spina bifida occulta, hypertelorism, micrognatia, retrognatia, hemangioma on the lower lip, short frenulum, cleft palate, low-set ears, preauricular tag, mild facial hypoplasia, sternal cleft, congenita …

White matter alterations following thromboembolic stroke: a beta-amyloid precursor protein immunocytochemical study in rats.

Thromboembolic stroke in rats leads to a well-described pattern of histopathological and behavioral abnormalities. However, limited data are … tochemistry also revealed reactive axonal profiles within various white matter tracts including the corpus callosum, external capsule and fimbria of the hippocampus. In many cases, the presence of axonal damage could not be appreciated with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. These data indicate that CCAT leading to platelet embolization to the brain not only …

Labeling of amoeboid microglial cells and intraventricular macrophages in fetal rats following a maternal injection of a fluorescent dye.

Amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) in fetal brains were labeled by rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RhIc) when injected intravenously or intraperito … he cerebral aqueduct as well as the fourth ventricle, and subsequently at other sites including the corpus callosum and other subcortical white matter. The fluorescence intensity increased with time after RhIc administration so that after 1 day the cells were brightly labeled. The majority of the labeled cells were round, with some elongated ones bearing two or t …

Mena and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein are required for multiple actin-dependent processes that shape the vertebrate nervous system.

Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) proteins regulate the geometry of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby influencing cell morphology and motility. Analysis of invertebrate mutants implicates Ena/VASP function in several actin-dependent processes such as axon and dendritic guidance, cell migration, and dorsal closure. In vertebrates, genetic analysis of Ena/VASP function is hindered by the broad and overlapping expression of the three highly related family members Mena (Mammalian enabled), VASP, and EVL (Ena-VASP like). Mice deficient in either Mena or VASP exhibit subtle defects in f

Microsurgical Outcomes of Third-Ventricle Colloid Cysts Treated via an Interhemispheric Transcallosal Approach: Clinical and Imaging Correlates in a Retrospective Single-Center Series.

OBJECTIVE: Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare, benign lesions that can lead to acute cerebrospinal fluid obstruction, rapid neurological deterioration, and sudden death. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and postoperative outcomes of surgically treated third-ventricle colloid cysts, with emphasis on imaging correlates and age-related patterns of clinical presentation. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 25 consecutive patients who underwent microscopic interhemispheric transcallosal excision of third-ventricle colloid cysts between 20

Association between peripheral inflammation and body mass index on white matter integrity and free water in bipolar II depression.

Immuno-metabolic dysregulation is implicated in mood disorders and elucidating non-invasive brain correlates may aid clinical translation of … ips among BMI, peripheral inflammation, and FW measures. BDII-D showed lower FAt in the genu of the corpus callosum (CC) and bilateral anterior corona radiata, and higher FW in the body of the CC compared with HCs. Higher BMI was linked to lower global FAt (q < 0.001), while higher peripheral inflammation was associated with higher global FW (q ≤ 0.01) in BDII-D. …

EAAT3 Модификация: Потенциальный новый путь к ремиэлизации в множестве склерозов.

Модификацию переносчика аминокислот 3 (ЕААТ3) можно рассматривать в качестве нового подхода к лечению множественного склероза (МС). EAAT3 играет ключевую роль в регулировании окислительного стресса и функции олигодендроцита благодаря его способности перевозить циштейн, ограничивающий скорость строительного блока в синтезе антиоксидантного глютатиона. Таким образом, по гипотезе активация EAAT3 позволяет улучшить здоровье олигодендроцитов и облегчить их дифференциационный блок в MS, улучшив потенциал ремиэлирования. С использованием модели демиэлизации, вызванной кубической зоной, было изучено в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Modulating the excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) can be considered a novel approach for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). … ere investigated. Consistent with the in vivo findings, post mortem gene expression analysis of the corpus callosum of cuprizone treated animals revealed a trend towards upregulation of oligodendrocyte lineage genes in response to EAAT3 inhibition, supporting its role in oligodendrocyte health and myelination processes. In vitro studies using the human oligodendr …

Correlating Evans Index, Callosal Angle, and Lateral Ventricle Volume With Gait Response Outcomes in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: Radiological imaging is pivotal in diagnosing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), given the similarity of its symptoms to other neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to correlate the Evans index (EI), callosal angle (CA), and the volume of the lateral ventricles measured before cerebrospinal fluid removal with the resultant outcomes in gait response. METHODS: In our retrospective study, we identified 42 patients with a diagnosis of iNPH. These patients underwent gait analysis, imaging, and lumbar puncture. Radiological assessments included measurements of CA EI and late

A newly described imaging finding for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Can hummingbird sign contribute to the diagnosis?

BACKGROUND/AIM: In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether morphological changes in the mesencephalon, which were previously described as a diagnostic tool for progressive supranuclear palsy, could be associated also with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephal MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive 52 patients with a possible diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (32 female, mean age 73.6 years) and 40 controls (23 female, mean age 72.7 years) with similar demographic characteristics were included the study. The morphologic changes in mesencephalon, hummingbird sign, and the vasc

Longitudinal white-matter abnormalities in sports-related concussion: A diffusion MRI study.

OBJECTIVE: To study longitudinal recovery trajectories of white matter after sports-related concussion (SRC) by performing diffusion tensor … tes became asymptomatic. While the extent of affected white matter decreased over time, part of the corpus callosum had persistent group differences across all the time points. Furthermore, greater elevation of mean diffusivity at acute concussion was associated with worse clinical outcome measures (i.e., Brief Symptom Inventory scores and symptom severity scores …

Childhood Transorbital Skull Base Penetrating Injury: Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND: A foreign object penetrating the brain via orbit is a rare occurrence. Accurate diagnosis and immediate intervention is essential to prevent ophthalmic or neurological deficits and to reduce chances of infection or hemorrhage. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report 2 cases of transorbital orbitocranial penetrating injury of metal objects in children. Computed tomography scan was obtained to assess the extent of the injury and to locate the objects. According to the trajectory, the best craniotomy approach was performed, and the objects were safely removed without any complication. Our cases

A registration method for improving quantitative assessment in probabilistic diffusion tractography.

Diffusion MRI-based probabilistic tractography is a powerful tool for non-invasively investigating normal brain architecture and alterations … n tractography from primary motor, supplementary motor, and visual cortices, projecting through the corpus callosum. Streamline counts decreased rapidly with movement from the tract center (-35% per millimeter); tract misalignment of a few millimeters caused substantial compromise of amplitude comparisons. Alignment of tracts "peak-to-peak" is essential for accur …

Alteration of the anatomical covariance network after corpus callosotomy in pediatric intractable epilepsy.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to use graph theoretical analysis of anatomical covariance derived from structural MRI to reveal how the gray matter connectivity pattern is altered after corpus callosotomy (CC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 21 patients with epilepsy who had undergone CC. Enrollment criteria were applied: (1) no lesion identified on brain MRI; (2) no history of other brain surgery; and (3) age not younger than 3 years and not older than 18 years at preoperative MRI evaluation. The most common epilepsy syndrome was Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (11 patients). For voxel-based morphom

Pipeline Embolization Device for Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms: A Retrospective Single Center Safety and Efficacy Study.

BACKGROUND: Pericallosal artery aneurysm treatment may be challenging using traditional endovascular techniques. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of endovascular treatment of pericallosal artery aneurysm using flow diverters. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of our institutional database from July 2013 through July 2016 and identified 7 subjects with a pericallosal artery aneurysm treated with the Pipeline embolization device (ev3 Neurovascular, Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) and at least 1 follow-up angiogram. Technical feasibility, procedural complic

Electron microscopic and confocal laser microscopy analysis of amyloid plaques in chronic wasting disease transmitted to transgenic mice.

We report here on the ultrastructure of amyloid plaques in chronic wasting disease (CWD) transmitted to Tg20 transgenic mice overexpressing prion protein (PrPc). We identified three main types of amyloid deposits in mCWD: large amyloid deposits, unicentric plaques similar to kuru plaques in human prion diseases and multicentric plaques reminiscent of plaques typical of GSS. The most unique type of plaques were large subpial amyloid deposits. They were composed of large areas of amyloid fibrils but did not form "star-like" appearances of unicentric plaques. All types of plaques were totally dev

Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives To investigate whether moderate alcohol consumption has a favourable or adverse association or no association with brain structur … nking (1-<7 units/week) over abstinence. Higher alcohol use was also associated with differences in corpus callosum microstructure and faster decline in lexical fluency. No association was found with cross sectional cognitive performance or longitudinal changes in semantic fluency or word recall.Conclusions Alcohol consumption, even at moderate levels, is associa …

Structural Connectivity Analysis in Children with Segmental Callosal Agenesis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Segmental callosal agenesis is characterized by the absence of the intermediate callosal portion. We aimed to evaluate the structural connectivity of segmental callosal agenesis by using constrained spherical deconvolution tractography and connectome analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical-radiologic features of 8 patients (5 males; mean age, 3.9 years). Spherical deconvolution and probabilistic tractography were performed on diffusion data. Structural connectivity analysis, including summary network metrics, modularity analysis, and network consisten