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Emerging Therapeutics for the Treatment of Light Chain and Transthyretin Amyloidosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis is a restrictive cardiomyopathy that results from the deposition of misfolded light chain or transthyretin proteins, most commonly, in cardiac tissue. Traditionally, treatment options for light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis have been limited. However, there are now multiple novel therapeutics in development and several therapeutics recently approved that promise to revolutionize clinical management of AL and ATTR. Most of these agents disrupt specific stages of amyloidogenesis such as light chain or transthyretin protein production, formation of amyloidoge

Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Metastasis: Which Targets Came from the Bench to the Bedside?

Bone metastases ultimately result from a complex interaction between cancer cells and bone microenvironment. However, prior to the colonization of the bone, cancer cells must succeed through a series of steps that will allow them to detach from the primary tumor, enter into circulation, recognize and adhere to specific endothelium, and overcome dormancy. We now know that as important as the metastatic cascade, tumor cells prime the secondary organ microenvironment prior to their arrival, reflecting the existence of specific metastasis-initiating cells in the primary tumor and circulating osteo

Comprehensive analysis of mRNA-microRNA-lncRNA expression profiles in post-traumatic elbow heterotopic ossification using RNA sequencing and experimental validation.

BackgroundThis study aimed to profile the molecular signatures of post-traumatic elbow heterotopic ossification (HO) to identify key regulators and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsTotal RNA from post-traumatic elbow HO tissues (n=4) and normal bone tissues (n=6) was subjected to high-throughput sequencing to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs), microRNAs (DEMs), and lncRNAs (DELs). Bioinformatics analyses included Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction network construction, and transcription factor (TF)

Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact to promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the TME is crucial in understanding cancer progression and therapeutic challenges. A critical process induced by TME signaling is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal traits, which enhance their motility and inva

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… Breast cancer cells co-cultured with CAF-conditioned medium have shown enhanced migration and invasion, reduced E-cadherin expression, and enhanced EMT-TFs, vimentin, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression [ 117 ]. …

Research progress on the anti-cancer mechanisms of edible salty-flavored Chinese materia medica.

Edible salty-flavored Chinese materia medica (ESCM) refers to a category of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that also serve as food, characterized by their salty flavor. According to the TCM theory, ESCM can soften and disperse knots, thus potentially offering benefits for cancer prevention and treatment. With cancer remaining a major global health challenge, its primary prevention strategies, especially through dietary modification, are crucial. ESCM have recently garnered substantial attention, due to their remarkable clinical efficacy and low side-effect profile. Researches on ESCM demon

The Endocannabinoid System as a Pharmacological Target for New Cancer Therapies.

Despite the long history of cannabinoid use for medicinal and ritual purposes, an endogenous system of cannabinoid-controlled receptors, as well as their ligands and the enzymes that synthesise and degrade them, was only discovered in the 1990s. Since then, the endocannabinoid system has attracted widespread scientific interest regarding new pharmacological targets in cancer treatment among other reasons. Meanwhile, extensive preclinical studies have shown that cannabinoids have an inhibitory effect on tumour cell proliferation, tumour invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and ep

Ten Years of Research on Fucoidan and Cancer: Focus on Its Antiangiogenic and Antimetastatic Effects.

Angiogenesis and metastasis represent two challenging targets to combat cancer development in the later stages of its progression. Numerous studies have indicated the important role of natural products in blocking tumor angiogenesis signaling pathways in several advanced tumors. In recent years, the marine polysaccharides fucoidans emerged as promising anticancer compounds showing potent antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of different types of cancers. The objective of this review is to focus on the antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities of fucoidans with special emph

Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality.

The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as w

Exploring the Vasculitis-Tumors Link: Epidemiological Patterns, Mechanistic Insights, and Clinical Implications.

This review systematically examines the association between vasculitis and malignancies by summarizing the risk of tumor-associated vasculitis, their clinical characteristics, and proposed pathogenic mechanisms across different vasculitic subtypes. Relevant case reports and mechanistic studies are integrated to provide a comprehensive overview of this entity. The findings offer practical value for rheumatologists in distinguishing primary vasculitis from malignancy-associated forms and optimizing patient surveillance, and for oncologists in improving recognition of tumor-associated vasculitis

Influence of Fibroblasts on Mammary Gland Development, Breast Cancer Microenvironment Remodeling, and Cancer Cell Dissemination.

The stromal microenvironment regulates mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. In normal mammary glands, the stromal microenvironment encompasses the ducts and contains fibroblasts, the main regulators of branching morphogenesis. Understanding the way fibroblast signaling pathways regulate mammary gland development may offer insights into the mechanisms of breast cancer (BC) biology. In fact, the unregulated mammary fibroblast signaling pathways, associated with alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and branching morphogenesis, drive breast cancer microenvironment (BCM) rem

The Complosome: An Emerging Intracellular Complement Network in Cancer Development and Therapy.

The complement system is traditionally recognized as a major effector of innate immunity, essential for pathogen clearance, inflammation and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In recent years, however, its role in cancer has been substantially redefined. Beyond its canonical extracellular activity, complement has emerged as a multifaceted regulator of tumor biology, acting not only within the tumor microenvironment but also intracellularly through the recently described intracellular complement system (complosome). While extracellular complement primarily shapes immune responses and the tu

Exploring the mechanism of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics methods and experimental validation.

ObjectiveRosmarinic acid (RosA) is a natural polyphenol compound that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory disease and a variety of malignant tumors. However, its specific mechanism for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the mechanism of RosA in the treatment of LUAD by integrating bioinformatics, network pharmacology and in vivo experiments, and to explore the potential of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in treating LUAD.MethodsFirstly, the network pharmacology was u

A Review of Resveratrol as a Potent Chemoprotective and Synergistic Agent in Cancer Chemotherapy.

Background: Cancer has become a major disease endangering human health around the world. Conventional chemotherapy suffers from many side effects including pain, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and renal toxicity. This review aims to describe a natural product of resveratrol as a chemoprotective and synergistic agent in the modulation of cancer chemotherapy. Methods: The publications were identified by comprehensive searching of SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Science, and our own reference library. Search terms included combinations of "resveratrol," "cancer," "natural products," "chemotherapy," an

Неожиданное возрождение в отсутствие матричной металопротеины 7.

В множестве склерозов (MS) приток иммунных клеток в центральную нервную систему приводит к обезвоживанию мозга, зрительного нерва и спинного мозга. По мере того как MS прогрессирует, воспоминание становится все более неэффективным, что делает нейронные аксоны уязвимыми для дегенерации и приводит к постоянной неврологической инвалидности. При хронических поражениях MS аберрантная аккумуляция молекул внеклеточной матрицы (ECM), включая фибронектин и гиалуронан, ухудшает олигодендроцитную дифференциацию клеточных клеток, что ведет к сбоям в ремилинации. Таким образом, устранение ингибиторских УХМ

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from different anatomical locations, common features can be found in the TME maturation of epithelial-derived tumors. Genetic alterations in tumor cells result in hyperplasia, uncontrolled growth, resistance to apoptosis, and metabolic shift towards anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). These events create hypoxia, oxidative stress and acidosis within the TME triggering an adjustment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a response

Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): A Dangerous "Message in A Bottle" for Bone.

Several studies have shown the importance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the intercellular communication between tumour and resident cells. Through EVs, tumour cells can trigger cell-signalling molecules and shuttle exogenous information to target cells, thus promoting spread of the disease. In fact, many processes are fuelled by EVs, such as tumour invasion and dormancy, drug-resistance, immune-surveillance escape, extravasation, extracellular matrix remodelling and metastasis. A key element is certainly the molecular profile of the shed cargo. Understanding the biochemical basis of EVs w

The potential role of cannabidiol (CBD) in lung cancer therapy: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide, with limited therapeutic options in advanced stages. Cannabinoids have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer agents; however, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from Cannabis sativa, has emerged as the most promising candidate. Unlike Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD lacks psychoactive properties, is generally well tolerated, and demonstrates a favorable safety profile. Moreover, CBD influences multiple cancer-relevant pathways-including apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal tra

Терапевтический потенциал зубных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в сравнении с мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками из других источников: систематический обзор исследований животных.

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ терапия на основе стволовых клеток, являющаяся одной из важнейших областей регенеративной медицины, направлена на совершенствование механизмов ремонта тела (d) путем стимулирования, модуляции и регулирования внутренних стволовых клеток или пополнения пулов клеток, способствуя тем самым развитию гомеостаза и регенерации тканей и предлагая перспективное лечение многочисленных системных заболеваний. В настоящем систематическом обзоре содержится всеобъемлющее резюме исследований животных, в ходе которых изучается эффективность зубоврачебных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (НКЦ) в лечен

Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological Significance

Dietary polyphenols represent a wide variety of compounds that occur in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products. They are mostly derivatives and/or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins and phenolic acids, and possess diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, anti-aging, anticarcinogen, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, cardiovascular protection, improvement of the endothelial function, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation activity. Most of these biological actions have bee

Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.

Bone metastasis is a common complication of many types of advanced cancer, including breast cancer. Bone metastasis may cause severe pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, rendering clinical management challenging and substantially reducing the quality of life and overall survival (OS) time of breast cancer patients. Studies have revealed that bone metastasis is related to interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, and involves complex molecular biological mechanisms, including colonization, osteolytic destruction, and an immunosuppressive bone microenvironment. Agents inhibi