Результаты поиска

Adaptation and test-retest reliability of a mobile neurocognitive battery for assessing neurotoxicity in rural children in Bangladesh.

Traditional neurocognitive assessments are generally time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often infeasible in resource-poor research settings. Cost-effective and culturally adaptable mobile neurocognitive test batteries could be ideal for vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). NeuroUX is a promising mobile web-based test battery, which has demonstrated reliability and validity in studies of neurological and psychiatric disorders in adults. However, little is known about its cultural adaptability and reliability in rural LMIC populations, particularly in children. A

Spatial analysis of the burden of lung cancer attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure in Morocco: a national assessment using the WHO AirQ+ model.

This study quantified PM2.5-attributable lung cancer burden across Morocco's diverse districts using WHO's AirQ+ model. With lung cancer being a major public health concern linked to both smoking and air pollution, we aimed to provide localized evidence on PM2.5 impacts to guide policy decisions. We analyzed city-specific PM2.5 concentrations (2019 data), population exposures, and epidemiological risk functions for 46 urban and rural areas. The model calculated relative risks (RR), attributable proportions (AP), and case numbers with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results revealed striking geo

Nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus in rural China: Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence of nasal carriage, molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and phylogenetic relationships of Staphylococcus aureus among healthy individuals in rural communities in China. METHODS: Nasal swabs were obtained from 646 asymptomatic residents across 10 villages. All S. aureus isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Comprehensive genomic analyses were performed to predict antibiotic resistance genes and to determine multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa types, and Staphyloco

Geographic Representativeness of a Digital Tobacco Cessation Intervention: An Exploration of Changes in Rural Reach From 2013-2020.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the geographic representativeness of people who smoke, among newly registered users of a free digital tobacco cessation program ('EX'). METHODS: User-provided ZIP codes from EX® Program registrants were mapped to Rural Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC). Reach Ratios (ReRas) and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the extent to which geographic representation in EX was proportionate to their representation in the national population of individuals who smoke, as obtained from the United States National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2018-2020). Under- and

Exploring Risk Constellations for Noncommunicable Diseases: A Community-Based Study From Northern India.

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as a leading public health challenge in rural India, largely driven by the clustering of non-modifiable, behavioral, and intermediate risk factors. METHODOLOGY: To determine the distribution and clustering of NCD risk factors, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among rural adults from three villages, namely, Umraha, Narayanpur, and Chittauna, in the Chiraigaon block of Varanasi district, North India. Using a multistage, stratified random sampling technique, 425 individuals aged 25-64 years were selected. Data collecti

Beyond grief: Quantifying bereavement needs of rural family caregivers.

OBJECTIVES: Family caregivers (FCGs) may experience numerous psychosocial and practical challenges with interpersonal relationships, mental health, and finances both before and after their care recipient (CR) dies. The specific challenges affecting rural FCGs who often have limited access to palliative care services, transitional care, and other community resources are not well understood. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the challenges rural FCGs experienced immediately before the death of a CR and continuing into the bereavement period. METHODS: A secondary analysis of data from a r

Progress of chronic kidney disease and associated predictors among patients under treatment at Gambi and Felege-Hiwote hospitals.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in developing countries. The main objective of current research was to assess the progress and associated factors among CKD patients under treatment at Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital and Gambi Teaching Hospitals. A study was conducted on a randomly selected 343 CKD outpatients whose follow ups were from September 2017 to January 2021. A longitudinal data were analyzed using logistic regression and Markov Chain techniques. Among the predictors in the current study, rural patients (AOR = 0.698; 95% CI: (0.551, 0.883) and

Effect of built environment on the association between nighttime heat exposure and mortality in stroke patients: A case-crossover study in Shandong Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Short-term exposure to extreme heat has been increasingly linked to cardiovascular mortality. However, limited evidence exists regarding the specific impact of nocturnal heat exposure on mortality among stroke patients, and the heterogeneity across residential contexts has not been fully examined. METHODS: Utilizing daily time-series mortality data for stroke patients in Shandong Province, China, we applied a time-stratified case-crossover design with inverse-probability weighting (IPW) to address time-varying confounding, estimating single-day and cumulative lag (0-7 days) associ

Analysis of prevalence and associated biomarkers of sarcopenia in older adults living in rural community in Wuhan, China.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a disease of loss of muscle mass and decreased skeletal muscle function with impaired ability in the activities of daily life. Exploring potential biomarkers for sarcopenia may lead to early screening and intervention for sarcopenia.This study investigated the prevalence and potential biomarkers of sarcopenia in older adults living in rural community in Wuhan,China. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 236 older participants (age ≥65 years) who received a health examination that included body composition and 23 circulating biomarkers. Sarcopenia was defined b

Genotyping Reveals Potential Sources of Human Leptospirosis Outbreaks in Aotearoa New Zealand.

INTRODUCTION: The introduction of PCR testing for leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand has reduced the availability of serotyping data, and current diagnostic PCRs do not routinely genotype Leptospira. This study genotyped Leptospira from PCR-confirmed human cases between 2016 and 2023 and compared them with genotypes found in animals to identify potential sources of infection in a 2023 human leptospirosis outbreak. METHODS: Human samples were genotyped using glmU amplicon sequencing and compared to animal genotypes from previous studies. In addition, human national surveillance data were an

Associations Between Social Networks and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in 4 Rural Alabama Counties: Survey Findings.

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how vaccination decisions are influenced by misinformation, disinformation, and social pressures, leading to varied and inequitable uptake rates. In this study, we examined how COVID-19 vaccine messages received via social networks were associated with vaccine uptake in rural Alabama. METHODS: From November 2021 through March 2022, we collected 700 responses to a telephone survey administered in 4 rural Alabama counties. We asked respondents to indicate whether certain social relationships (eg, family, businesses) tried to influence them to (1) o

Strengths and opportunities to clinical trial enrollment among BIPOC, rural dwelling patients in the northwest United States: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of experimental drugs and devices are the cornerstone of medicinal advancement. Enrolling sufficient participants in these trials is vital to ensure adequate statistical power and generalizability. Clinical trial participation is particularly low among certain populations, including medically underserved communities (i.e., rural areas) and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Methods: A retrospective study design was used to understand patient outcomes and access/barriers to clinical trial participation in the rural

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The challenging quest to improve rural health care . N. Engl. J. Med. 378 ( 5 ), 473 – 479 . 10.1056/NEJMhpr1707176 29385378 Johnson A. M. Hines R. B. Johnson J. A. 3rd Bayakly A. R. ( 2014 ). …

Eco-epidemiological study of seropositivity against Rickettsia and Leptospira agents in rural areas of Urabá, Colombia.

UNLABELLED: Rickettsioses and leptospirosis are infectious diseases that are often underdiagnosed due to a lack of knowledge about their epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, among others. OBJETIVE: to characterize the seroprevalence and seroincidence of both Rickettsia and Leptospira agents and determine the risk factors for these outcomes in rural areas of Urabá, Antioquia. METHODS: a secondary data analysis using information on Rickettsia and Leptospira exposure from a prior prospective study that explored sociocultural and ecological aspects of Rickettsia infection in rur

A Centralized EHR-Based Model for the Recruitment of Rural and Lower Socioeconomic Participants in Pragmatic Trials: A Secondary Analysis of the Diuretic Comparison Project.

IMPORTANCE: Participant diversity is important for reducing study bias and increasing generalizability of comparative effectiveness research. OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate the operational efficiency of a centralized electronic health record (EHR)-based model for recruiting difficult-to-reach participants in a pragmatic trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This comparative effectiveness study was a secondary analysis of Diuretic Comparison Project, a randomized clinical trial conducted between 2016 and 2022 (mean [SD] follow-up, 2.4 [1.4] years) comparing 2 commonly prescribed antihypertensives

Pesticides exposure in pregnant Argentinian women: Potential relations with the residence areas and the anthropometric neonate parameters.

Intrauterine environment is the first chemical exposure scenario in life, through transplacental transfer. In this study, the aim was to determine concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and selected current use pesticides in the placentas of pregnant women from Argentina. Socio-demographic information, the mother's lifestyle and neonatal characteristics were also analysed and related to pesticides residue concentrations. Thus, 85 placentas were collected at birth, from an area of intensive fruit production for the international market, in Patagonia Argentina. Concentrations of 23 p

Eco-geographic patterns of child malnutrition in India and its association with cereal cultivation: An analysis using demographic health survey and agriculture datasets.

Background: High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birth-weight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of child malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Cereals, particularly millets, constitute the bulk of protein intake among the poor, especially in rural areas in India where high prevalence of wasting persists. Methods: The previous round of Nation

Proximity to Alcohol Sellers and Dose Response Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption With Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Southwestern Uganda.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with several adverse public health outcomes and alcohol use is one of its risk factors. Proximity to alcohol selling points could be linked with problem drinking and IPV. We aimed to determine whether proximal location to alcohol and intensity of alcohol consumption are associated with IPV in rural southwest Uganda.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in rural southwest Uganda with structured interviews at household level. We used the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) and the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure

Aetiology of lobar pneumonia determined by multiplex molecular analyses of lung and pleural aspirate specimens in the Gambia: findings from population-based pneumonia surveillance.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the causes of lobar pneumonia in rural Gambia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based pneumonia surveillance at seven peripheral health facilities and two regional hospitals in rural Gambia. 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced routinely in August 2009 and replaced by PCV13 from May 2011. METHODS: Prospective pneumonia surveillance was undertaken among all ages with referral of suspected pneumonia cases to the regional hospitals. Blood culture and chest radiographs were performed routinely while lung or pleural aspirates were collected from sel

Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh.

Although adequate vitamin D status during pregnancy is essential for maternal health and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, limited data exist on vitamin D status and associated risk factors in pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. This study determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and identified associated risk factors, among these women. A total of 515 pregnant women from rural Bangladesh, gestational age ≤ 20 weeks, participated in this cross-sectional study. A separate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of vitamin D deficienc

Factors associated with birthweight and adverse pregnancy outcomes among children in rural Guinea-Bissau - a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with higher mortality and morbidity, but there is limited data on the prevalence of LBW in rural Africa, where many births occur at home. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has non-specific effects. Studies suggest that maternal BCG-vaccination may affect the health of the child. METHODS: The present study is nested within a randomised trial in rural Guinea-Bissau: Pregnancies were registered at two-monthly village visits, where information on BCG scar status and other background factors were obtained. Children were enrolled in the trial