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Management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome beyond childhood: A comprehensive review.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple types of medically intractable seizures, cognitive impairment, and generalized slow spike-wave discharges in electroencephalography (EEG). Although the onset of this epileptic syndrome occurs typically before eight years of age with a peak age between 3 and 5 years, lifelong persistence of the syndrome is usual. The evolution of clinical features, EEG findings, and paucity of knowledge about LGS among adult health care providers can make LGS significantly underdiagnosed in the adult population

Cognitive, academic, and behavioral correlates of medication adherence in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: Medication adherence is critical to the success of antiretroviral therapies for children and youth with perinatally acquired HIV. Factors that influence successful transition of medication responsibility from caregivers to youth are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of medication adherence with demographic, cognitive, academic, and behavioral characteristics. METHODS: Randomly selected youth, N = 151, aged 8 to 18 years, completed cognitive and academic measures, and they and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing behavior an

TC-5619: an alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor-selective agonist that demonstrates efficacy in animal models of the positive and negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia.

A growing body of evidence suggests that the alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor (NNR) subtype is an important target for the development of novel therapies to treat schizophrenia, offering the possibility to address not only the positive but also the cognitive and negative symptoms associated with the disease. In order to probe the relationship of alpha7 function to relevant behavioral correlates we employed TC-5619, a novel selective agonist for the alpha7 NNR subtype. TC-5619 binds with very high affinity to the alpha7 subtype and is a potent full agonist. TC-5619 has little or no activity a

Why compulsions persist: An ecological momentary assessment study of the reinforcement of compulsions.

BACKGROUND: The cognitive-behavioral model (CBM) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posits that compulsions are negatively reinforced by providing temporary relief from distress, removal of unwanted thoughts, and reinforcement of obsessive beliefs. However, research has yet to test these assumptions using longitudinal and ecological methods. METHOD: We examined the CBM using an intensive-repeated measures ecological-momentary assessment design. Participants with OCD (n = 45) completed items assessing momentary compulsion severity, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and perceived threat 7×/day f

Lifetime Weight Course as a Phenotypic Marker of Severity and Therapeutic Response in Patients with Eating Disorders.

The association between lifetime weight fluctuations and clinical characteristics has been widely studied in populations with eating disorders (ED). However, there is a lack of literature examining the potential role of weight course as a transdiagnostic factor in ED so far. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare ED severity and treatment outcomes among four specific BMI profiles based on BMI-trajectories across the lifespan: (a) persistent obesity (OB-OB; (n = 74)), (b) obesity in the past but currently in a normal weight range (OB-NW; n = 156), (c) normal weight throughout the lifesp

Medium-Term Effects of a Tailored Web-Based Parenting Intervention to Reduce Adolescent Risk of Depression and Anxiety: 12-Month Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Prevention of depression and anxiety disorders early in life is a global health priority. Evidence on risk and protective factors for youth internalizing disorders indicates that the family represents a strategic setting to target preventive efforts. Despite this evidence base, there is a lack of accessible, cost-effective preventive programs for parents of adolescents. To address this gap, we recently developed the Partners in Parenting (PiP) program-an individually tailored Web-based parenting program targeting evidence-based parenting risk and protective factors for adolescent d

Do comorbid social and other anxiety disorders predict outcomes during and after cognitive therapy for depression?

BACKGROUND: Cognitive therapy (CT) improves symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) plus comorbid anxiety disorder, but the specific type of anxiety may influence outcomes. This study compared CT outcomes among adults with MDD plus social, other, or no comorbid anxiety disorders. METHODS: Outpatients with recurrent MDD (N = 523, including 87 with social and 110 with other comorbid anxiety disorders) received acute-phase CT. Higher risk responders (n = 241 with partial or unstable response) were randomized to 8 months of continuation treatment (CT or clinical management plus fl

Health promotion lifestyle interventions for weight management in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric patients have more physical health problems and much shorter life expectancies compared to the general population, due primarily to premature cardiovascular disease. A multi-causal model which includes a higher prevalence of risk factors has provided a valid explanation. It takes into consideration not only risks such as gender, age, and family history that are inherently non-modifiable, but also those such as obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia that are modifiable through behavioural changes and improved care. Thus, it is crucial to focus on fact

A review of health behaviour theories: how useful are these for developing interventions to promote long-term medication adherence for TB and HIV/AIDS?

BACKGROUND: Suboptimal treatment adherence remains a barrier to the control of many infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, which contribute significantly to the global disease burden. However, few of the many interventions developed to address this issue explicitly draw on theories of health behaviour. Such theories could contribute to the design of more effective interventions to promote treatment adherence and to improving assessments of the transferability of these interventions across different health issues and settings. METHODS: This paper reviews behaviour change the

Strength of Plantar- and Dorsiflexors Mediates Step Regularity During a High Cognitive Load Situation in a Cross-sectional Cohort of Older and Younger Adults.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Completing simultaneous tasks while standing or walking (ie, a high cognitive load situation [HCLS]) is inevitable in daily activities and can lead to interference in task performances. Age-related physical and cognitive changes may confound performance variability during HCLS in older and younger adults. Identification of these confounding effects may reveal therapy targets to maintain optimal physical function later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difficulty levels of an additional motor task and restricting visual inform

Sleep Medication Use and Associated Factors Among Adults with Insomnia Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Insomnia affects health, well-being, and productivity. Despite recommendations favoring Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) as first-line treatment, hypnotic medications remain widely used. OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency and types of sleep medications used by individuals with insomnia symptoms seeking psychological treatment, as well as factors associated with hypnotic use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study included 1,158 adults with insomnia symptoms recruited from a specialized service between 2021 and 2022. Participants completed onl…

Химсекс как диагностическая задача: к признанию в ICD-12 и интегрированным подходам к лечению - ретроспективный обзор.

Химсекс — это явление, связанное с умышленным использованием психоактивных веществ перед или во время сексуальной активности, особенно среди мужчин, ведущих сексуальную жизнь с мужчинами (MSM). Оно связано с различными рисками для здоровья, включая зависимость от веществ, рискованные сексуальные действия и оба психические и somaticные расстройства. Несмотря на его растущую распространенность и значимость для общественного здоровья, химсекс не имеет четкого определения и не признан как отдельная диагностическая категория. Эта ретроспективная ревью синтезирует клинические, эпидемиологические и т

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chemsex is a phenomenon involving the intentional use of psychoactive substances before or during sexual activity, especially among men who … (ICD-10 and ICD-11), and challenges in clinical practice. Therapeutic strategies discussed include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), digital interventions, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in prevention and treatment. Attention is also given to epidemiological trends, sociocultural influences, and barriers to seeking help. This review concludes by …

Development of the Aim to Decrease Anxiety and Pain Treatment for Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the Aim to Decrease Anxiety and Pain Treatment (ADAPT), a brief, on-line and in … . The ADAPT intervention has the potential to provide a cost effective and practical application of cognitive behavioral therapy using an innovative combination of in-person and technology-based platforms. Overall, the ADAPT intervention is a promising and innovative intervention to improve the outcomes of youth with FAPD.

Reward and punishment sensitivity in women with gambling disorder or compulsive buying: Implications in treatment outcome.

Background and aims Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory has been widely applied to different clinical populations, but few studies have reported empirical evidence based on this theory for treatment outcomes in patients with gambling disorder (GD) and compulsive buying (CB). The aims of this study were to explore the association between clinical variables and personality traits with reward and punishment sensitivity (RPS) levels in women (n = 88) who met diagnostic criteria for GD (n = 61) and CB (n = 27), and to determine the predictive capacity of RPS for primary short-term outcomes in a

Insomnia treatment acceptability and preferences of male Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans and their healthcare providers.

Sleep difficulty is a prevalent problem among returning Veterans. Although there is strong evidence for the efficacy and durability of cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I) in the general population, the interventions require motivation, attention, and adherence from patients to achieve successful outcomes. Given the unique characteristics of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) Veterans who have experienced blast-related injuries and other trauma, CBT-I for these patients may require modification, including alternative delivery methods, to ensure effectiv

Psychological variables potentially implicated in opioid-related mortality as observed in clinical practice.

Opioid-related deaths in the United States have become a public health problem, with accidental and unintended overdoses being especially troubling. Screening for psychological risk factors is an important first step in safeguarding against nonadherence practices and identifying patients who may be vulnerable to the risks associated with opioid therapy. Validated screening instruments can aid in this attempt as a complementary tool to clinicians' assessments. A structured screening is imperative as part of an assessment, as clinician judgment is not the most reliable method of identifying nona

Neuropsychiatric symptoms underlying caregiver stress and insight in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: Cluster analysis based on Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropsychiatric profile demonstrated validity on caregiver burden, nursing-home placement and survival. The aims of our study were to explore the validity of this approach on caregiver burden, lack of insight and cognitive impairment and to examine the impact of neuropsychiatric profiles on these variables. METHOD: A data-driven approach (two-step cluster analysis) identified groups of patients based on similarities of their neuropsychiatric symptom profile, as assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). ANOVAs and chi(2) te

Movement decoupling: A self-help intervention for the treatment of trichotillomania.

Trichotillomania (TTM) is classified as an impulse control disorder characterized by the recurrent urge to pull out one's own hair resulting in noticeable hair loss. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, involving habit reversal training, currently represents the treatment of choice. The present study assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel self-help technique, entitled decoupling (DC). DC aims at attenuating TTM by performing movements that decouple the behavioral elements involved in hair pulling. A total of 42 subjects with TTM were recruited via self-help forums for TTM and were rand

Prognostic significance of two sub-categorization methods for the treatment of binge eating disorder: negative affect and overvaluation predict, but do not moderate, specific outcomes.

Given the absence of known predictors and moderators for binge eating disorder (BED) treatment outcome and recent findings regarding meaningful sub-categorizations of BED patients, we tested the predictive validity of two subtyping methods. Seventy-five overweight patients with BED who participated in a randomized clinical trial of guided self-help treatments (cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBTgsh) and behavioral weight loss (BWLgsh)) were categorized in two ways. First, a cluster analytic approach yielded dietary-negative affect (29%) and pure dietary (71%) subtypes. Second, research conventio

[Tourette syndrome: from a neurological clinic to a multidisciplinary approach].

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a chronic, familial disorder, characterized by involuntary motor and phonic tics that wax and wane in severity. TS is frequently accompanied by behavioral, emotional and cognitive problems that are often more incapacitating than the tic disorder itself. After a review of the disorder, in which the multidisciplinary aspects are emphasized, the article describes the clinical features of 60 children with TS, 49 boys and 11 girls, aged 13 +/- 3.6 years (mean SD), treated in the Neuropediatric Unit at Shaare Zedek Medical Center. The children described had both motor and v