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Bone sialoprotein: a multifunctional regulator of bone remodelling and tumour progression.

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a major non-collagenous protein of the bone extracellular matrix and an important regulator of bone formation and resorption. BSP is produced by bone cells and chondrocytes and present in the bone matrix, cells, dentin and cartilage. However, its aberrant expression in primary tumour tissues and the sera of cancer patients with metastases implicates BSP in tumour biology and progression. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif of BSP may be crucial not only for the attachment of metastasising cells to the bone surface but also for tumour growth, survival and activity. This revie

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… anoikis resistance (a form of programmed cell death due to detachment) in NSCLC cells (A-549 and CL1-5) in a dose- [0–30 ng/mL (0–0.3 µg/mL)] and time-dependent (1, 2 and 3 days) manner. 135 Anoikis-resistant cells exhibit changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including increased vimentin …

The Multifaceted Role of Annexin A1 in Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Predictive and Prognostic Implications.

Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, is considered a key modulator of cancer biology. Numerous pieces of evidence support its multifaceted involvement in tumor progression, metastatic dissemination, immune escape, and resistance to therapy in various malignancies, such as melanoma, along with liver, lung, and digestive tract tumors, including stomach and colorectal cancer (CRC). Although colon and rectal cancer (RC) exhibit overlapping characteristics, they are classified as separate clinical entities due to differences in tumor biology and therapy approaches.

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… In the context of the CRC Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) classification, a strong expression of focal adhesion proteins, such as ANXA1, ANXA6, vimentin, nexilin, filamin, actinin-α1, and caveolin-1, has been associated with CMS4 CRC cells’ resistance to chemotherapy [ 95 ]. …

Osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton in dogs: consensus and guidelines.

Osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs poses a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners across the globe. As knowledge evolves, so too do clinical practices. However, there remain uncertainties and controversies. There is value for the veterinary community at large in the generation of a contemporary wide-ranging guideline document. The aim of this project was therefore to assimilate the available published knowledge into a single accessible referenced resource and to provide expert clinical guidance to support professional colleagues as they navigate current OSA challenges and controversies. Primar

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… Use of alkaline phosphatase staining to differentiate canine osteosarcoma from other vimentin-positive tumors. Vet Pathol. (2005) 42:161–5. doi: 10.1354/vp.42-2-161, PMID: 55. Barger A, Baker K, Driskell E, Sander W, Roady P, Berry M, et al. …

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT): Pathways to Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Discovered as inflammatory cytokines, MIF and DDT exhibit widespread expression and have emerged as critical mediators in the response to infection, inflammation, and more recently, in cancer. In this comprehensive review, we provide details on their structures, binding partners, regulatory mechanisms, and roles in cancer. We also elaborate on their significant impact in driving tumorigenesis across various cancer types, supported by extensive in vitro, in vivo, bioinformatic, and clinical studies. To date, only a limited number of clinical trials have explored MIF as a therapeutic target in c

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… Cervical Cancer Increased levels of tumor-expressing and circulating MIF, DDT, and CD74 have been detected in early- and late-stage cervical cancer and have been linked to lymphatic metastasis and up-regulation of E-cadherin and vimentin [ 60 , 218 , 219 , 220 ]. …

IL-6 in the Ecosystem of Head and Neck Cancer: Possible Therapeutic Perspectives.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a highly potent cytokine involved in multiple biological processes. It was previously reported to play a distinct role in inflammation, autoimmune and psychiatric disorders, ageing and various types of cancer. Furthermore, it is understood that IL-6 and its signaling pathways are substantial players in orchestrating the cancer microenvironment. Thus, they appear to be potential targets in anti-tumor therapy. The aim of this article is to elucidate the role of IL-6 in the tumor ecosystem and to review the possible therapeutic approaches in head and neck cancer.

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… Although CAFs represent a heterogeneous group of cells [ 66 ], conserved expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, tenascin C, fibroblast-specific protein-1, fibroblast-activating protein and neural-glial protein is observed [ 65 , 67 ]. …

The Role of IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Tumorigenesis.

Cancer is initiated by mutations in critical regulatory genes; however, its progression to malignancy is aided by non-neoplastic cells and molecules that create a permissive environment known as the tumor stroma or microenvironment (TME). Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a dual function cytokine that also acts as a nuclear factor. IL-33 typically resides in the nucleus of the cells where it is expressed. However, upon tissue damage, necrosis, or injury, it is quickly released into extracellular space where it binds to its cognate receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)L found on the membrane o

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… In this model, IL-33 was mainly expressed in the tumor stroma and positively correlated with Lnc-CAF to increase the expression of the CAF markers α-SMA, vimentin, and cadherin. Knockdown of IL-33 impaired the ability of Lnc-CAF to activate stromal fibroblasts and resulted in tumor regression. …

Genomic profiling enables personalized strategies to overcome drug resistance in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease that primarily affects older adults and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies, MM remains largely incurable, with most patients experiencing relapse and disease progression. The disease’s biological complexity is driven by a multitude of genetic and molecular alterations, which contr

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… . | Acquisition of mesenchymal markers (e.g., vimentin) and loss of epithelial markers (e.g., E-cadherin) in various cancers. CD133+, ALDH+, or CD44+/CD24- CSC populations demonstrating intrinsic resistance to numerous agents. …

Platycodon grandiflorum, as a medicinal and food homologous plant: a comprehensive review of anti-tumor components, mechanisms, modern applications, and preventive healthcare.

Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. D C. (P. grandiflorum), as a medicinal and edible plant, is widely distributed in China. In terms of Chinese medical theories, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) believes that the root of P. grandiflorum has the functions of relieving sore throat, eliminating phlegm, and draining pus, and is widely used in lung diseases and respiratory system disorders. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Platycodon grandiflorum saponin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids are the main active components of P. grandiflorum, which have significant antitus

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… Colon cancer | Human Colon cancer cell HCT-116 and NCM460 | Regulated ASCT2 through the p53-dependent pathway, activate caspase-3/7 and PARP cleavage, and induce apoptosis | Proliferation, apoptosis | ( 35 ) Non-small cell lung cancer | Balc/b nude mice model of lung cancer | Reduced the expression of vimentin …

Sympathetic nervous system in tumor progression and metabolic regulation: mechanisms and clinical potential.

Tumor progression is characterized by profound metabolic alterations and dynamic interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which enable rapid proliferation, immunoinvasion, and metastasis. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which has been best known for its role in stress regulation, has emerged as a critical regulator of tumor metabolism. The SNS influences glucose, lipid and glutamine metabolism in tumor cells and stromal components by releasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), creating a pro-tumor metabolic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. SNS signaling e

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… The SNS promotes metastasis via β-AR signaling, wherein NE enhances tumor cell motility and invasion by inducing EMT, upregulating vimentin, downregulating E-cadherin, and stimulating MMP-2/9-mediated ECM degradation [ 21 , 67 – 70 ]. …

Hallmarks of Cancer Affected by the MIF Cytokine Family.

New diagnostic methods and treatments have significantly decreased the mortality rates of cancer patients, but further improvements are warranted based on the identification of novel tumor-promoting molecules that can serve as therapeutic targets. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family of cytokines, comprising MIF and DDT (also known as MIF2), are overexpressed in almost all cancer types, and their high expressions are related to a worse prognosis for the patients. MIF is involved in 9 of the 10 hallmarks of cancer, and its inhibition by antibodies, nanobodies, or small synthe

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… Yang et al. found that cells with high levels of MIF had a decreased expression of E-cadherin and an increased expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Zeb1 [ 119 ]. …

Advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures.

Vertebral compression fractures are becoming increasingly common with aging of the population; minimally invasive materials play an essential role in treating these fractures. However, the unacceptable processing-performance relationships of materials and their poor osteoinductive performance have limited their clinical application. In this review, we describe the advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures and enumerate the types of bone cement commonly used in current practice. We also discuss the limitations of the materials themselves, and

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… (D) Actin, vimentin and DAPI immunostaining of BMSCs after seeding on cement scaffold. …

Non-coding RNA/microRNA-modulatory dietary factors and natural products for improved cancer therapy and prevention: Alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids and water-soluble vitamins.

Non-coding small RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), contribute decisively to the epigenetic regulation processes in cancer cells. Problematic pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the response of cancers towards anticancer drugs are highly influenced by miRNAs. Both increased drug activity and formation of tumor resistance are regulated by miRNAs. Further to this, the survival and proliferation of cancer cells and the formation of metastases is based on the modulated expression of certain miRNAs. In particular, drug-resistant cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) depend on the presence and abs

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… DIM also upregulated let-7b/c/d/e and miR-200b/c in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells (MiaPaCa-2) causing a reversal of the EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) via suppression of ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1), slug and vimentin and upregulation of E-cadherin [26] . …

Цереброспинный грипп и биомаркеры крови для нейроаксональных повреждений при многоразовом склерозе

После появления новых данных о том, что нейродегенеративные процессы в множестве склероза (MS) присутствуют на ранних стадиях, был проявлен активный научный интерес к биомаркерам нейро-аксональных повреждений в жидкостях организма пациентов, страдающих с склерозом. Недавно проведенные исследования позволили ввести новые потенциальные биомаркеры, но в то же время прояснили патогенетическое и клиническое значение хорошо известных. В настоящем документе рассматриваются имеющиеся данные о биомаркерах нейроаксональных повреждений в крови и цереброспинных жидкостях и освещается их связь с клинически

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… The 14-3-3 protein ε isoform expressed in reactive astrocytes in demyelinating lesions of multiple sclerosis binds to vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in cultured human astrocytes. American Journal of Pathology. 2004;165(2):577–592. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63322-6. 183. …

The Inclusion of Dietary and Medicinal Mushrooms into Translational Oncology: Pros and Cons at the Molecular Level.

Mushrooms are valued for their nutritional qualities and have been used in traditional medicine since the Neolithic era. They exhibit various bioactivities, including antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. The anticancer effects arise via direct action on tumor cells and indirect modulation of the immune system; the latter is the predominant mechanism. Numerous studies indicate that various mushroom species are potent immunostimulants because their cell wall polysaccharides and proteoglycans are recognized by intestinal immune cells. This enhances antitumor

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… This effect was accompanied by an increase in E-cadherin and a suppression of vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, the effects of BA have been corroborated in an in vivo breast cancer model [ 182 ]. …

The Role of Cullin-RING Ligases in Striated Muscle Development, Function, and Disease.

The well-orchestrated turnover of proteins in cross-striated muscles is one of the fundamental processes required for muscle cell function and survival. Dysfunction of the intricate protein degradation machinery is often associated with development of cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS involves a number of enzymes, including E3-ligases, which tightly control which protein substrates are marked for degradation by the proteasome. Recent data reveal that E3-ligases of the cullin family play more diverse and c

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… In addition to interacting with Skp1 and forming an SCF complex [ 123 ], it also binds independently to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to negatively regulate phosphorylation of vimentin [ 124 ]. … At the molecular level, Fbxl22 overexpression affected protein levels of dystrophin, desmin, vimentin, and sarcomeric Actn2. However, alterations in Actn2 levels were Fbxl22 isoform-dependent, displaying a significant reduction of Actn2 only upon loss of the shorter Fbxl22 transcript. …

NK cell based immunotherapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major subtype of head and neck cancers, presents significant challenges due to its aggressive feature and limited therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatments. In response to these challenges, Natural Killer (NK) cells, a vital component of the innate immune system, are being explored for their therapeutic potential in OSCC due to their inherent ability to target and eliminate cancer cells without prior sensitization. This review uniquely focuses on the evolving role of NK cells specifically in OSCC, incorporating recent advancements in CAR-NK cell eng

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… E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression increased, while Snail and Vimentin expression decreased. …

Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development.

According to numerous animal studies, adverse environmental stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and subsequent tumor development. Human epidemiological evidence has confirmed the close relationship between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the development of persistent inflammation toward tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this study, we assess the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated mechanisms in modulating inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Recent reports have e

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… ROS reportedly trigger EMT by activating various pathways, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail [ 209 ]. Moreover, the Nrf2 level negatively correlates with the abundance of TGF- β , EMT, and cell migration in patients with lung cancer [ 210 ]. …

Application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technique in basic research, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer.

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for the development of the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology that provided new tools for precise gene editing. It is possible to target any genomic locus virtually using only a complex nuclease protein with short RNA as a site-specific endonuclease. Since cancer is caused by genomic changes in tumor cells, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used in the field of cancer research to edit genomes for exploration of the mechanisms of t

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… The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CD133 downregulated vimentin expression in colon cancer cells, significantly reduced cell proliferation and colony formation, and showed significant inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion [ 65 ]. …

The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing.

Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancer-centric model to a TME-centric one, considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME, especially the specific cells or pathways of TME, remains unsatisfactory. Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly b

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… Mechanical microenvironment in TME Mechanical microenvironment is another newly investigated specialized microenvironment. 32 , 34 , 36 Its formation relies largely on intracellular components (vimentin, actin, and neurofilaments), extracellular components (collagen and fibrin), intercellular signaling …