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Dietary fungi in cancer immunotherapy: From the perspective of gut microbiota.

Immunotherapies are recently emerged as a new strategy in treating various kinds of cancers which are insensitive to standard therapies, while the clinical application of immunotherapy is largely compromised by the low efficiency and serious side effects. Gut microbiota has been shown critical for the development of different cancer types, and the potential of gut microbiota manipulation through direct implantation or antibiotic-based depletion in regulating the overall efficacy of cancer immunotherapies has also been evaluated. However, the role of dietary supplementations, especially fungal

Rapid Progress in Immunotherapies for Multiple Myeloma: An Updated Comprehensive Review.

Despite rapid advances in treatment approaches of multiple myeloma (MM) over the last two decades via proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), their efficacies are limited. MM still remains incurable, and the majority of patients shortly relapse and eventually become refractory to existing therapies due to the genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action represents an unmet need to achieve a deep and highly durable response as well as to improve pa

Drug Delivery Approaches for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer is a highly prevalent cancer that affects women around the world. With the availability of new technologies, researchers have increased their efforts to develop new drug delivery systems in cervical cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we summarized some of the recent research in systematic and localized drug delivery systems and compared the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

Advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures.

Vertebral compression fractures are becoming increasingly common with aging of the population; minimally invasive materials play an essential role in treating these fractures. However, the unacceptable processing-performance relationships of materials and their poor osteoinductive performance have limited their clinical application. In this review, we describe the advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures and enumerate the types of bone cement commonly used in current practice. We also discuss the limitations of the materials themselves, and

A Case of Autoimmune Hepatitis Initially Manifesting as Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a T-cell-mediated liver disease characterized by elevated transaminases, circulating autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, and interface hepatitis. A 66-year-old female patient visited our department due to recurrent episodes of altered consciousness, sleep-wake inversion, and asterixis, indicating hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Her liver biopsy results clearly demonstrated interface hepatitis. The patient's severe HE does not parallel her relatively stable liver function and was attributed to a wide retroperitoneal collateral vein shunting blood directly into the

Прогнозирующее значение уровней сыворотки нейрофильной цепи света, выходящих за рамки мер МРТ, для развития клинических и радиологических заболеваний на самых ранних этапах множественного склероза.

ЦЕЛЬ: В рамках этого исследования изучалось прогнозируемое значение уровней световых цепочек нейрофильтрации (NfL), выходящих за рамки показателей MRI, в отношении активности заболеваний при множественном склерозе (MS). МЕТОДЫ: Настоящее исследование представляет собой ретроспективный постспециальный анализ группы ранней интерферональной обработки комбинированного 5-year Исследования " REFLEX/REFLEXION " по клинически изолированному синдрому. Базовый z-показатель NfL (zNfL) и изменения в zNfL в течение первого периода two Годы были связаны с атрофией мозга, деятельностью по поврежден

Ferroptosis, lipid metabolism, and genetic regulation in postoperative rehabilitation of elderly hip fractures: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.

BACKGROUND: Elderly hip fracture represents a major global public health challenge, with postoperative rehabilitation involving complex molecular mechanisms and metabolic networks. Beyond osteoporotic fractures, pathological hip fractures caused by tumor bone metastasis constitute a non-negligible proportion in elderly patients, with molecular pathological mechanisms significantly different from osteoporotic fractures. Recent research has confirmed that ferroptosis (iron-dependent regulated cell death) and lipid metabolism dysregulation are key links in fracture healing and functional recovery

Circulating biosignatures in multiple myeloma and their role in multidrug resistance.

A major obstacle to chemotherapeutic success in cancer treatment is the development of drug resistance. This occurs when a tumour fails to reduce in size after treatment or when there is clinical relapse after an initial positive response to treatment. A unique and serious type of resistance is multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR causes the simultaneous cross resistance to unrelated drugs used in chemotherapy. MDR can be acquired through genetic alterations following drug exposure, or as discovered by us, through alternative pathways mediated by the transfer of functional MDR proteins and nucleic

Genetic factors and management strategies in aortic health: a literature review of inherited aortopathy.

Inherited aortopathies, including Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Loeys-Dietz syndrome, are genetic disorders characterized by structural abnormalities of the aorta that predispose individuals to life-threatening complications like aneurysms and dissections. These conditions result from mutations in genes essential for maintaining aortic wall integrity, such as FBN1, TGFBR1, and COL3A1, affecting extracellular matrix components and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway. Marfan syndrome has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 5000, while Loeys-Dietz syndrome and vascul

Lung Cancer: Spectral and Numerical Differentiation among Benign and Malignant Pleural Effusions Based on the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

We present here that the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique in conjunction with the partial least squares analysis is as a potential tool for the differentiation of pleural effusion in the course of the cancerous disease and a tool for faster diagnosis of lung cancer. Pleural effusion occurs mainly in cancer patients due to the spread of the tumor, usually caused by lung cancer. Furthermore, it can also be initiated by non-neoplastic diseases, such as chronic inflammatory infection (the most common reason for histopathological examination of the exudate). The correlation betw

Primary cutaneous lymphomas: diagnosis and treatment.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative neoplasms, with lymphatic proliferation limited to the skin with no involvement of lymph nodes, bone marrow or viscera at the diagnosis. Cutaneous lymphomas originate from mature T-lymphocytes (65% of all cases), mature B-lymphocytes (25%) or NK cells. Histopathological evaluation including immunophenotyping of the skin biopsy specimen is the basis of the diagnosis, which must be complemented with a precise staging of the disease and identification of prognostic factors, to allow for the choice of the best treat

Саркоидоз и повышенный риск сопутствующих заболеваний и смертности в Швеции.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Саркоидоз — это системное воспалительное заболевание с неясной этиологией, включающее образование гранулом. В большинстве случаев оно затрагивает легкие и лимфоузлы в грудной полости. Саркоидоз может протекать в острой или хронической форме, каждая из которых имеет различные клинические проявления и прогноз. МЕТОДЫ: Кейс-контрольное исследование коморбидности и морбидности у лиц, диагностированных с саркоидозом (код ICD10 D86) в Швеции с 2007 по 2016 год. Контроли были сопоставлены с случаями в соотношении 2:1 по возрасту, полу и району диагностики. Данные собрали из Шведского нацио

Storage diseases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype.

Never judge a book by its cover, nor assume hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as sarcomeric, as appearances can deceive. HCM phenocopies account for a 5-10% of the cases, mainly represented by storage diseases, flagged by the increasing prevalence of senile cardiac amyloid in developing countries. Multisystemic and heterogeneous presentation of these entities is a challenge for clinicians, and time delay in diagnosis is a major concern. Promising drugs and gene-specific tailored therapies are under development, therefore, more than ever, appropriate understanding of these conditions is mandato

Novel diagnostic approaches and therapeutic management of mucormycosis: insights from a retrospective monocentric cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection with high mortality rates, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients. Its management is challenging due to diagnostic complexity and limited therapeutic options. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 21 cases of mucormycosis diagnosed at the University Hospital of Liège between July 2018 and August 2023. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were evaluated to identify risk factors, treatment modalities, and outcomes. RESULTS: Hematological malignancies (82%) and immunosuppressive therapy (53%)

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Drug induced liver injury (DILI) was made based on Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), International Normalized Ratio (INR), total bilirubin and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and grading was set according to the developed scale of the Drug Induced … AST: Aspartate Transaminase; ALT, Alanine Transaminase; ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase; AST, Aspartate Transaminase; CRP, C-reactive protein; GVHD, Graft Versus Host Disease; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; INR, International Normalized Ratio; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitors …

Expert Perspective: Hematologic Malignancies and Vasculitis.

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Preclinical B cell depletion and safety profile of a brain-shuttled crystallizable fragment-silenced CD20 antibody.

BACKGROUND: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major challenge for the development of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies for brain disorders. To improve the likelihood of success of such therapies, Roche Brainshuttle technology utilizes a single anti-transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)-antigen-binding antibody fragment linked to a therapeutic antibody, allowing engagement with TfR1 to transport the therapeutic antibody into the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis. METHODS: We compared Fc-silenced and Fc-competent variants of the Brainshuttle and the parental (non-shuttled) type II

Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Targets, Drugs, Clinical Trials, and Future Directions.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy and the second most common hematological neoplasm in adults, comprising 1.8% of all cancers. With an annual incidence of ~30,770 cases in the United States, MM has a high mortality rate, leading to 12,770 deaths per year. MM is a genetically complex, highly heterogeneous malignancy, with significant inter- and intra-patient clonal variability. Recent years have witnessed dramatic improvements in the diagnostics, classification, and treatment of MM. However, patients with high-risk disease have not yet benefited from therapeutic advances. High-r

TAFRO syndrome: current perspectives.

Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), a distinct subtype of Castleman's disease, is a rare, nonneoplastic, lymphoproliferative disorder. Patients with MCD present with systemic symptoms and multiple lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of various histological MCD patterns including hyaline vascular, plasma cell, and mixed types. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection was identified as an important etiology of MCD among immunocompromised patients such as those positive for human immunodeficiency virus. Although HHV8-negative MCD was reported in immunocompetent patie

EMA Review of Panobinostat (Farydak) for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

On August 28, 2015, a marketing authorization valid through the European Union was issued for panobinostat, in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior regimens including bortezomib and an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD).Panobinostat is an orally available histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that inhibits the enzymatic activity of HDAC proteins at nanomolar concentrations. HDAC proteins catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from the lysine residues of histones and some

Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.

Obesity, primarily characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a multifactorial chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Despite the well-documented epidemiology and significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical implications, the impact of sex is typically overlooked in obesity research. Worldwide, women have a higher likelihood to become obese compared to men. Although women are offered weight loss interventions more often and at earlier stages than men, they are more vulnerable to psychopathology. Men, on the other hand, are less likely to pursue wei