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Ксантин Оксидореводаза: Меч с двойным отростком в неврологических заболеваниях.

Неинфекционные неврологические расстройства являются второй основной причиной смерти, и их бремя продолжает расти по мере роста и старения населения мира. Окисляющий стресс и воспаление во многом связаны с активацией и развитием множественных склерозов, болезни Альцгеймера, амиотропического бокового склероза, болезни Хантингтона, болезни Паркинсона и даже инсульта. В ходе этого обзора мы изучаем роль деятельности и продуктов " xanthine oxidoreducase " (XOR) во всех вышеупомянутых неврологических заболеваниях. Редоксальный дисбаланс, вызывающий окислительный стресс, может возникнуть и

Current status of the diagnosis and treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of defective apoptosis, a disruption of the regulatory pathway that terminates immune and inflammatory responses. Fever, cytopenia, splenomegaly, and/or hemophagocytosis are typical findings of this syndrome. HLH can be induced by genetic disorders (familial) or secondary causes. Familial HLH is rare, while secondary causes in adults include infection, autoimmunity, and malignancy. HLH in adults tends to be confused with or misdiagnosed as sepsis, mainly due to similar clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, which make it difficul

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… Pediatric HLH, adult HLH, MAS, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) have different thresholds for activating the immune system, depending on the type and degree of polymorphism or mutation of various genes that are ultimately associated with the activation/deactivation of the immune system …

Нейрофармакология каннабиноидов: всеобъемлющий обзор доклинических и клинических данных о экстрактах гемп-деривных веществ и активных соединениях.

Каннабис сатива содержит более 120 фитоканнабиноидов, причем наиболее характерными из них являются Δ9-тетрагидроканнабинол (THC) и каннабидиол (CBD). В настоящем обзоре обобщаются доклинические и клинические данные об экстрактах гематома, каннабиноидах и активных соединениях. THC действует главным образом как частичный агонист каннабиноидного рецептора типа 1 (CB1) и типа 2 (CB2), приводящий к психоактивным, аппетитным, антиэметическим и анальгетическим эффектам. КБР не является опьяняющим и имеет мультимодальный профиль, включающий негативную аллостерическую модуляцию CB1, обратное агонизм CB

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Mimicking Severe Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Background: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but life-threatening complication that may occur in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), particularly in the context of extensive drug exposure. In this population, TEN can closely resemble severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), making diagnosis and management challenging. Case presentation: We report the clinical course of an allo-HSCT recipient who developed a rapidly progressive skin rash early after transplantation, and we analyzed the clinical features, histopathology, treatment and ou

Эпштейн-Барр Вирус: больше чем просто инфекция.

Хотя вирус Эпштейн-Барр обычно ассоциируется с доброкачественным инфекционным мононуклеозом, он в настоящее время признается в качестве одного из основных движителей сложных иммунопатологических расстройств. Замыкаясь между литическими репликациями и стратегическими программами запоздалости, EBV перепрограммирует биологию B-клеток, чтобы избежать иммунного наблюдения и нарушить гомеостаз. Центральным элементом этого патогенеза является вирусный протеин EBNA1, который приводит к автоматическому иммунитету с помощью молекулярной имитации с принимающими антигенами, включая GlialCAM в множестве ск

Immune System and DNA Repair Defects in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Locoregional Approaches.

In the last few years, substantial progress has been made in the treatment of ovarian cancer, with increased knowledge about the biology of the disease. Ovarian cancer is a neoplasm strongly linked to defects in DNA repair mechanisms, where deficiency in the homologous recombination (HR) system results in a better response of ovarian cancers to therapy, whether platinum-based chemotherapy, anthracyclines, or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. More recently, it has been demonstrated that different ovarian cancer histotypes may have different immunogenicity. Interestingly, defects i

Neurology

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Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Using Membrane Plasma Separation Across a Broad Spectrum of Indications: An Eight-Year Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) removes pathogenic plasma constituents such as autoantibodies, immune complexes and monoclonal proteins. Plasma can be separated by centrifugation or by membrane plasma separation (MPS); although MPS predominates in many centers because it can be delivered at the bedside on standard renal replacement platforms, most published outcome data derive from centrifugal techniques. OBJECTIVE: To describe the indications, complications, laboratory changes and clinician-assessed treatment response of MPS-based TPE in an unselected single-center cohort. MET

Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases.

Each year, the number of patients who are diagnosed with kidney disease too late is increasing, which leads to permanent renal failure. This growing problem affects people of every age, sex and origin, and its full etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, although the involvement of genetic susceptibility, infections, immune disorders or high blood pressure is suggested. Difficulties in making a correct and quick diagnosis are caused by the lack of research on early molecular markers, as well as educational and preventive activities among the public, which leads to the late detection of kidne

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Neuropathy is associated with side effects of frontline chemotherapeutics, which is a prominent therapy utilized in prevalent cancers. Peripheral neuropathy negatively impacts quality of life in cancer patients and survivors. It also affects the dose plan of the treatment, thereby limiting the efficacy of the treatment. We searched the electronic database PubMed for pre-clinically and clinically controlled trials reporting neuropathy of adverse effects, a result of chemotherapy in cancer patients. It was observed clearly that many reports provide clinical evidence to rapidly growing neuropathy

Двойная автономность: синдром Эванса и множественный склероз.

Синдром Эванса (ES) — редкое аутоиммунное расстройство, связанное с аутоиммунной гемолитической анемией и иммунной тромбоцитопенией (ИТП). Пациенты, как правило, страдают от петехии, пурпуры, паллора и усталости. Диагностические критерии включают в себя положительное прямое антиглобулиновое испытание, ретикулокитоз, снижение уровня гаптоглобина, а также повышенный косвенный уровень билюродина и лактата дегидрогеназы. ЭУ может быть связано с другими аутоиммунными заболеваниями, включая системный волчанки эритематос, ревматоидный артрит и аутоиммунный гепатит. Вместе с тем в научной литературе в

62nd Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, February 10th - 13th, 2022, Pune.

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Periodontal inflamed surface area in oral cavity associated with febrile neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is an infectious complication that develops during chemotherapy. Although the oral cavity can be an important infection route, it is unknown whether the oral environment is associated with FN. The present study examined the relationship between the oral environment using periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), a new periodontal disease parameter, and FN in hematologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. In this retrospective cohort study, 157 patients were divided into FN onset during chemotherapy (n = 75) and the FN negative groups (n = 82). The associations of

Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far?

Curcumin has been credited with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties for the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases such as arthritis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension, infectious diseases, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, obesity, and skin diseases. However, due to its weak solubility and bioavailability, it has limited potential as an oral medication. Numerous factors including low water solubility, poor intestinal permeability, instability at alkaline pH, and fast metabolism contri

The Role of the Ubiquitin System in Eye Diseases.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental process that regulates various biological functions, including immune response, cell cycle, oxidative stress, migration, and cellular proliferation. This system is responsible for the degradation of proteins, while proteasomes play a significant role in mechanisms involved in health and human diseases. The participation of the UPS in immune response is particularly relevant, leading to the involvement of immunoproteasomes. This specialized proteasome is involved in the processing and presentation of antigenic peptides, making it crucial fo

Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman's disease): review and comparative evaluation of seven patients.

ObjectivesEosinophilic fasciitis (EF) was described in 1974 by Shulman as a rare fibrosing connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. An undetermined trigger is thought to lead to the degranulation of eosinophils that interact with fibroblasts and express fibrogenic cytokines including the transforming factor of tumor growth a and b and interleukins 1 and 6. The purpose of this study was to summarize seven cases of EF in a central hospital.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective and descriptive study of a population with EF of a central hospital. All patients diagnosed with EF in a ho

The effects of twenty-four nutrients and phytonutrients on immune system function and inflammation: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recently, optimal immune function has become a primary focus of worldwide attention not only in the prevention of chronic disease but also as one strategy to reduce the severity of acute illness. Inflammation, a process largely controlled by the immune system, has long been studied and recognized for its role in chronic disease. Optimizing immune function or managing inflammation using individual nutrients and phytonutrients is not well understood by the average person. Thus, this narrative literature review summarizes many of the more recent findings about how certain nutr

Delving into Molecular Pathways: Analyzing the Mechanisms of Action of Monoclonal Antibodies Integrated in IMGT/mAb-DB for Myasthenia Gravis.

BackgroundMyasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease presenting with auto-antibodies that affect the neuromuscular junction. In addition to symptomatic treatment options, novel therapeutics include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, extends the characterization of therapeutic antibodies with a systematic description of their mechanisms of action (MOA) and makes them available through its database for mAbs and fusion proteins, IMGT/mAb-DB.MethodsUsing available literature data combined with amino acid sequence analyses from mAbs m

Pancreatitis: TIGAR-O Version 2 Risk/Etiology Checklist With Topic Reviews, Updates, and Use Primers.

The Toxic-metabolic, Idiopathic, Genetic, Autoimmune, Recurrent and severe acute pancreatitis and Obstructive (TIGAR-O) Pancreatitis Risk/Etiology Checklist (TIGAR-O_V1) is a broad classification system that lists the major risk factors and etiologies of recurrent acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and overlapping pancreatic disorders with or without genetic, immunologic, metabolic, nutritional, neurologic, metaplastic, or other features. New discoveries and progressive concepts since the 2001 TIGAR-O list relevant to understanding and managing complex pancreatic disorders require an up

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… Checklist users HTG not only increases the risk of AP, RAP, and CP but also worsens the severity of an episode of AP in terms of pancreatic necrosis (PNec), systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ failure (MOF), intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, length of stay, and mortality ( 49 … SAP is defined as the presence of persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome (≥48 hours) with MOF (lung, cardiovascular, and kidney) based on the modified Marshall score (see Banks et al. ( 135 )) and the Determinant-Based Classification of AP Severity ( 136 ) that uses infected PNec or a new …

From Biology to Treatment of Monoclonal Gammopathies of Neurological Significance.

Monoclonal gammopathy and peripheral neuropathy are common diseases of elderly patients, and almost 10% of patients with neuropathy of unknown cause have paraprotein. However, growing evidence suggests that several hematological malignancies synthesize and release monoclonal proteins that damage the peripheral nervous system through different mechanisms. The spectrum of the disease varies from mild to rapidly progressive symptoms, sometimes affecting not only sensory nerve fibers, but also motor and autonomic fibers. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach, mainly between hematologists and neu