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Temporal patterns of neutrophil recruitment and microthrombus formation in fatal traumatic brain injury: a forensic histopathological study.

Estimation of post-traumatic survival time represents a critical issue in forensic neuropathology. While secondary inflammatory and vascular responses after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are known to evolve over time, their intravascular compartmentalization and forensic applicability remain incompletely characterized. We conducted a retrospective histopathological and immunohistochemical study on brain tissue from 51 fatal TBI cases with documented post-traumatic survival times ranging from minutes to approximately two months, and 15 non-traumatic control cases. Neutrophil recruitment was asse…

Major Depressive Disorder Signatures: A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Insights Into Gut Dysbiosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly common neuropsychiatric disorder globally. A variety of factors contribute to the neuropathology of MDD. Microbiome research in neuropsychiatric disorders such as MDD has recently attracted attention. Indeed, the gut-brain axis could influence the course of MDD through metabolites such as Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Quinolinate, and other factors. Such metabolites may modulate the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals. Moreover, MDD features abundant hyperinflammatory bacteria, whereas anti-inflammatory butyrate-synthe…

Association between angiotensin receptor blocker use and postmortem dementia pathology: analysis of the UK Brain Banks Network dataset.

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) may be associated with a lower risk of a clinical dementia diagnosis. This study investigated the association between ARB use during life and postmortem dementia neuropathology, compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) use. METHOD: Cases with documented ACEI (n=257) or ARB (n=102) use, regardless of dementia pathology, were selected from the UK Brain Banks Network dataset. Pathology was categorised as either 'significant' pathology (Thal amyloid phase >3, Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage >3, Consortium to Establish a Regis…

Impaired theory of mind in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of etiological debates.

Impairment of theory of mind (ToM)-the ability to attribute mental states to others-has been identified as a non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially undermining social functioning and quality of life. A central controversy concerns whether ToM deficits arise directly from PD neuropathology or are secondary to general cognitive impairment, with growing evidence pointing to the latter. This systematic review examined 14 studies employing designs that allow stronger causal inference-including regression, between-group, and experimental paradigms-to assess the dependence or inde…

Comprehensive review of the cerebral aqueduct: anatomy, embryology, imaging, genetics, molecular, and pathology.

The cerebral aqueduct (CA), or aqueduct of Sylvius, is the narrowest portion of the ventricular system, connecting the third and fourth vent … es, and long-term outcomes. Overall, this review underscores the CA as a nexus of neurodevelopment, neuropathology, and neurosurgical innovation, and identifies gaps in knowledge that merit future investigation.

The Aging Meninges: Anatomical and Immunological Remodeling as Emerging Diagnostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Senescence-A Narrative Review.

Background/Objectives: Aging is a universal biological process characterized by progressive structural, cellular, and molecular alterations that contribute to functional decline and increased susceptibility to disease. In recent years, the cerebral meninges have emerged as an active regulatory interface between the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, with growing evidence supporting their involvement in immune surveillance, fluid homeostasis, and age-related neuropathology. Methods: This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a…

В vivo самособранные сиРНК улучшают неврологическую патологию в связи с нейродегенеративной болезнью, связанной с TDP-43.

Ненормальное накопление белка-43 (TDP-43) ТАР, связывающего ДНК, является отличительной чертой амиотрофного бокового склероза и лобарного дегенерации. Небольшие противодействующие РНК (СИРНС), ориентированные на ТПР-43, предлагают потенциальные терапевтические стратегии по борьбе с этими заболеваниями. Вместе с тем эффективная и безопасная доставка сиРНС в ЦНС по-прежнему является сложной задачей. Здесь мы представляем синтетически основанный на биологии подход, который использует местные небольшие механизмы обработки РНК для самокомбинации сиРНК-капсулирования небольших внеклеточных везеиклов

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Abnormal accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degener … effectively reduced TDP-43 accumulation, leading to significant improvements in motor function and neuropathology. Additionally, an adeno-associated virus-based delivery system was used to produce IVSA-siR-TDP43, demonstrating sustained therapeutic effects in TDP-43-associated neurodegeneration. These findings highlight a novel, effective and minimally invasive …

Histological and ultrastructural analysis of regional variations in Negri bodies with inner bodies in naturally infected rabid dogs.

Negri bodies (NBs) are cytoplasmic inclusions associated with rabies virus infection and are a characteristic histopathologic feature of rab … orms. This characterization further supports the diagnostic value of these inclusions in veterinary neuropathology.

Pathology of general proprioception in a canine disease model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Some forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are associated with sequence variants in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1). The mecha … gs that were homozygous for the SOD1 risk allele did not develop clinical disease or the associated neuropathology, indicating that other factors in addition to the SOD1 mutation influence disease onset and progression.

Antigen-specific adaptive immunity in Parkinson's disease: peripheral priming, brain-border reactivation and parenchymal injury.

Adaptive immune signals in Parkinson's disease (PD) now extend beyond descriptive neuroinflammation. Human genetic studies have implicated HLA variation, peripheral assays have detected α-synuclein- and PINK1-reactive T cells, neuropathology has identified early nigral CD8 + T-cell accumulation, and PD-relevant models have linked α-synuclein or mitochondrial antigen presentation to defined T-cell programs. This Review first places these findings in the modifying context of aging and then examines two antigen-specific routes across peripheral T-cell priming, central nervous system (CNS)-border …

Decoding the Role of Neurotrophins in Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-Beta Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent contributor to dementia in elderly individuals. … gger downstream signalling cascades that subsequently inhibit Gsk-3β activity and reduce AD-related neuropathology. We also explore the role of modulators including phosphatases, kinase cascades, and other regulatory proteins that cross paths with neurotrophin-Gsk-3β signalling. In conclusion, this manuscript summarizes both direct and indirect regulatory roles …

Mettl3 regulates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease via fine-tuning Lingo2.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and diverse factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Previous studies … Both ectopic Lingo2 and the administration of Mettl3 inhibitor STM2457 significantly alleviated the neuropathology and behavioral deficits of AD mice. In summary, our study has revealed the important function of Mettl3 and m6A in the pathogenesis of AD and provided novel insight for the underlying mechanisms. Our study also suggests that m6A and Lingo2 could be …

Stilbenes Against Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical Studies of Natural and Synthetic Compounds Combined with the Contributions of Developed Nanodrug Delivery Systems.

This review covers preclinical studies of stilbene derivative compounds (both natural and synthetic) with potential preventive and therapeut … e effects by reducing Aβ generation and oligomerization, enhancing Aβ clearance, and regulating tau neuropathology through the prevention of aberrant tau phosphorylation and aggregation, as well as scavenging reactive oxygen species. Synthetic stilbene derivatives also target multiple pathways involved in neuroprotection and have demonstrated promising biologica …

Human pegivirus alters brain and blood immune and transcriptomic profiles of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to pathogenesis. Viral infections are potential environmental triggers that influence PD pathology. Using ViroFind, an unbiased platform for whole virome sequencing, along with quantitative PCR (qPCR), we identified human pegivirus (HPgV) in 5 of 10 (50%) of PD brains, confirmed by IHC in 2 of 2 cases, suggesting an association with PD. All 14 age- and sex-matched controls were HPgV negative. HPgV-brain positive patients with PD showed increased neuropathology by Braak stage and Co…

sTREM2 mediates the associations of air pollution with depression and anxiety symptoms: The CABLE study.

BACKGROUND: Studies on air pollution and depression and anxiety have been reported, yet, the underlying mechanism of the associations remains unclear. We aimed to explore the correlations between air pollutants with depression, anxiety symptoms, and further explore the mediating roles of neuroinflammation and neuropathology. METHODS: 1202 cognitively normal participants were selected from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and Lifestyle cohort (CABLE). Multiple linear regression model was utilized to test the relationship between air pollution and depression and anxiety symptoms. Mediation mod…

The role of bilingualism on functional decline and neurodegeneration in distinct ADRD clinical syndromes.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated a large cohort (N = 408) of monolingual and bilingual speakers with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD … nolingual speakers. DISCUSSION: We found a protective effect of bilingualism on baseline levels of neuropathology and neurodegeneration and longitudinal functional decline, supporting a role of bilingualism in cognitive resilience across ADRDs. HIGHLIGHTS: Explored longitudinal effects of bilingualism on functional decline, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and …

A P2X7 receptor antagonist alleviates PTSD-like behaviors in adolescent rats through gut microbiota modulation and hippocampal transcriptomic remodeling.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that frequently manifests during adolescence, a critical neurod … t for adolescent PTSD and highlight the crucial role of gut microbiota in modulating stress-related neuropathology via the gut-brain axis.

Neurotoxic Effects of Pesticides: Implications for Neurodegenerative and Neurobehavioral Disorders.

Pesticides play an essential role in modern agriculture, yet increasing evidence links their widespread use to neurotoxic effects that contribute to both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In recent years, new classes of pesticides such as neonicotinoids and pyrethroids have garnered attention due to their potential to disrupt neurodevelopment, even at low exposure levels. Furthermore, emerging evidence underscores the involvement of the gut-brain axis, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic modulation in pesticide-induced neuropathology. This review aims to synthesize these latest…

Unraveling the Complexity of Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into Etiology and Advancements in Treatment Strategies.

Alzheimer's disease, a complex and progressive neurological disorder, is the leading cause of late-life dementia. Pathologically, it is mark … e symptomatic relief, they do not offer a cure. Despite having a clear understanding of Alzheimer's neuropathology, the precise mechanisms driving the disease remain elusive. The lack of effective treatments that can stop the start and progression of the disease may be caused by our incomplete understanding of the pathogenic process. New therapeutic targets are …

Epigenetic Regulation of Ferroptosis by the KDM3A/BRPF1 Transcriptional Axis Confers Neuroprotection in Postpartum Depression mouse model.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression (PPD) represents a debilitating perinatal psychiatric disorder with elusive pathogenesis. While ferroptosi … ), forming a causal hierarchy that suppressed ferroptosis. Hormone-withdrawn mice recapitulated PPD neuropathology: depression-like behaviors (FST/TST immobility ↑, OFT/LDT exploration ↓, P < 0.0001), ferroptotic signatures (hippocampal Fe2+↑, GSH↓, P < 0.001), and KDM3A/BRPF1 axis suppression (GPX4↓, SLC7A11↓, P < 0.001). Ferrostatin-1 administration rescued be …