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Onset of pouchitis after colectomy for ulcerative colitis: reducing the risk.

INTRODUCTION: Pouchitis remains the most common complication after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (IPAA). Despite the burden of pouchitis, our ability to recognize the patients at greatest risk for pouchitis and to offer early intervention for the prevention or early treatment is limited. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we will discuss the diagnostic categories of pouchitis, as well as the common approaches to treatment. We will then discuss gaps in research and clinical care. These include opportunities to improve our understanding of the risk factors associated wi

Epulis: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Management.

PURPOSE: Epulis represents a group of reactive hyperplastic lesions occurring in the gingival area, distinct from true hypertrophy, as these lesions involve tissue proliferation rather than enlargement of existing cells. These lesions present significant clinical challenges in diagnosis and management. METHODS: This narrative review synthesises current literature on epulis, examining epidemiological patterns, clinical characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment approaches across different subtypes. RESULTS: Epulis primarily affects young and middle-aged adults with female predilect

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a Game Changer in HIV Prevention for Vulnerable Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a promising intervention for HIV prevention among high-risk individuals. However, its efficacy compared to standard counseling remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in reducing HIV risk behaviors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing CBT to standard counseling for HIV prevention from inception to November 30, 2024. Primary outcomes included sexual transmission risk behavior and the number of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Secondary outcomes incl

Strategic Lowering of LDL-Cholesterol Post Ischemic Stroke: Identifying Optimal Targets, Timing, and Therapeutic Approaches.

Stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with ischemic stroke dominating the landscape. Dyslipidemia, particularly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is a critical modifiable risk factor in both primary and secondary prevention of stroke. While statins have established their role in stroke prevention, questions remain regarding optimal treatment strategies for specific patient groups, the role of non-statin therapies, and lipid level targets for maximal benefit. Emerging evidence underscores the potential of novel lipid-lowering agents, namely, PC

Tuberculosis incidence in solid organ transplant recipients in Europe: A multicenter TBnet cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients face elevated tuberculosis risk, yet optimal prevention strategies in low- to medium-incidence regions remain unclear. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult SOT recipients transplanted between 2007 and 2012 at 15 European centers, with follow-up through 2018. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed post-transplant tuberculosis. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years; standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) used World Health Organization country-specific background rates. Cox models

[Advances of Fundamental Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulation of Tumor-associated Macrophages for the Prevention and Treatment of 
Lung Cancer Metastasis].

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with metastasis being the primary cause of mortality in lung cancer patients, and its prevention and control efficacy remain limited. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising direction for overcoming the bottleneck of metastasis. Macrophages, as essential components of innate immunity, participate in the entire process of tumor initiation and progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant immune population in the tumor microenvironment (TME), displaying both anti-tumor M1-like an

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based small-molecule inhibitor delivery for ecological prevention of biofilm.

Biofilm formation constitutes the primary cause of various chronic infections, such as wound infections, gastrointestinal inflammation and dental caries. While preliminary achievement of biofilm inhibition is possible, the challenge lies in the difficulty of eliminating the bactericidal effects of current drugs that lead to microbiota imbalance. This study, utilizing in vitro and in vivo models of dental caries, aims to efficiently inhibit biofilm formation without inducing bactericidal effects, even against pathogenic bacteria. The tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) was employed as a d

[Midwives as influencers in skin care for newborns at risk of atopic diseases : Survey of midwives' current recommendations].

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of atopic diseases remains high. Initial studies suggest that primary prevention with regular basic care may influence the incidence of atopic dermatitis in infants; however, data are unclear. Midwives play an important role in the care of women in the peripartum period and therefore also in providing advice on topics such as skin care, breastfeeding and nutrition of the newborn and young infant. The aim of this study was to determine the care recommendations for newborns by midwives. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among German midwives using quest…

Effects of a WhatsApp-Assisted Health Educational Intervention for Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol.

Although the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in secondary prevention is well-recognized, there is a lack of studies exploring the potential of mobile health to enhance educational interventions within CR. The objective is to assess the impact of a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational intervention, in conjunction with the usual care, compared to the usual care alone among participants enrolled in a CR program. The trial will recruit 32 participants enrolled in a CR program, who will be randomly assigned to a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational interv

Comparing psilocybin to metformin as neuroprotective agents against Parkinson's dementia: A systematic review of evidence and efficacy.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has remained largely unchanged and focuses primarily on symptomatic relief through activation of dopaminergic pathways. Currently, there are no proven prophylactic approaches to the prevention of PD. This systematic review seeks to compare two separate compounds, metformin (MTF) and psilocybin, as potential prophylactic therapeutics against the development of PD. METHODS: The authors conducted a systematic review focusing on primary studies that test these compounds on cell and animal models to determine if they might have any neuroprote

Brief Narrative Review on Commercial Dental Sealants-Comparison with Respect to Their Composition and Potential Modifications.

The scope of this paper is to compare different dental sealants and flow materials indicated for sealing pits and fissures considering their chemical formula. The narrative review aims to address the following questions: What is the essence of different dental sealants' activity, how does their chemical formula affect their mechanisms of caries prevention, and what makes a dental sealant efficient mean of caries prevention? Another vital issue is whether the sealants that contain fluoride, or any other additions, have potentially increased antimicrobial properties. An electronic search of the

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Live Musical Theater-Based Approach to Child Sexual Abuse Prevention in Elementary Schools.

Hugs and Kisses is a theater-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention program designed for children in kindergarten through fifth grades. The purpose of this cross-sectional case study is to evaluate how a comprehensive live musical theater program can prepare teachers to discuss and identify the signs of CSA, help children increase their knowledge, and learn prevention strategies to stop CSA in the future. A total of 154 teachers and 2,700 children from 31 schools participated in this program during 2016. Findings show this program increases children's awareness of touch and action knowledge

Role of Body Composition in the Prediction of Skeletal Fragility Induced by Hormone Deprivation Therapies in Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review paper is intended to show that changes in body composition are key in the pathogenesis of bone fragility amongst patients with breast and prostate cancer receiving hormone deprivation therapies (HDTs) and that the mechanism is based on the development of alterations in bone quality rather than in bone quantity. RECENT FINDINGS: Preclinical and clinical data suggest a tight connection amongst bone, adipose and muscular tissues by means of several soluble mediators, potentially leading to (1) bone resorption and bone quality deterioration in sarcopenic obese subje

Nanoparticles as a Delivery System of Antigens for the Development of an Effective Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii.

Nanoparticles include particles ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers, whose physicochemical characteristics are optimized to make them appropriate delivery vehicles for drugs or immunogens important in the fight and/or prevention of infectious diseases. There has been a rise in the use of nanoparticles in preventive vaccine formulations as immunostimulatory adjuvants, and as vehicles for immunogen delivery to target immune cells. Toxoplasma is important worldwide, and may cause human toxoplasmosis. In immunocompetent hosts, infection is usually asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer-An English Version.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common malignancy in Korea and has been ranked as the third leading cause of cancer deaths in 202 … factors and appropriate screening test methods in Korea is necessary to overcome these challenges. Primary prevention through risk factor mediation and secondary prevention using suitable screening programs can help reduce the incidence and mortality rates of CRC.

Disparities between guideline statements on acute and post-acute management of cervical artery dissection.

Even though cervical artery dissection is one of the main reasons for ischemic stroke in young patients, acute management and post-acute primary or secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia differ significantly in different centers and countries. These discrepancies are reflected by the differences in guideline recommendations of major stroke societies. Our narrative review aims to shed light on the different recommendations in guideline-statements of stroke societies and to give an overview of the current literature concerning acute management and post-acute treatment of cervical artery disse

A Hitchhiker's Guide to Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Detailed Review of Monovalent and Bivalent Vaccine Schedules, COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects, and Effectiveness Against Omicron and Delta Variants.

For the primary prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are currently four different vaccines available in the USA. These are Pfizer (messenger RNA [mRNA]), Moderna (mRNA), Novavax (recombinant protein), and Jansen/Johnson & Johnson (adenoviral vector). All individuals should get vaccinated, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided comprehensive guidelines on recommended doses, their frequency by age group, and vaccine types, all discussed in detail in this article. Vaccines are a critical and cost-effective tool for preventing the disease. Prior t…

Cognitive decline as an outcome and marker of progression toward dementia, in early preventive trials.

INTRODUCTION: Recent Food and Drug Administration guidance endorses cognitive assessment as a possible primary endpoint for early trials for Alzheimer's disease but emphasizes the need for certainty regarding the relationship with progression to dementia. METHODS: We compared the validity of the 2-year change (Y0-Y2) of 11 markers of neuropsychological and functional abilities for the prediction of incident dementia over the following 3 years (Y2-Y5), in 860 subjects aged 70 years or older, who consulted for memory loss and were included in the "GuidAge" prevention trial. RESULTS: The Free a

Translational Clinical Strategies for the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Tract Graft Versus Host Disease.

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the major non-relapse complication associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Unfortunately, GVHD occurs in roughly half of patients following this therapy and can induce severe life-threatening side effects and premature mortality. The pathophysiology of GVHD is driven by alloreactive donor T cells that induce a proinflammatory environment to cause pathological damage in the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, lung, and liver during the acute phase of this disease. Recent work has demonstrated that the GI tract is a pivotal ta

Challenges and Advances in Managing Thrombocytopenic Cancer Patients.

Cancer patients have varying incidence, depth and duration of thrombocytopenia. The mainstay of managing severe chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in cancer is the use of platelet transfusions. While prophylactic platelet transfusions reduce the bleeding rate, multiple unmet needs remain, such as high residual rates of bleeding, and anticancer treatment dose reductions/delays. Accordingly, the following promising results in other settings, antifibrinolytic drugs have been evaluated for prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors. I

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… Antiplatelet Therapy We generally discontinue aspirin used for primary prevention of arterial disease in patients with thrombocytopenia. The platelet threshold requiring changes in aspirin management appears lower than 50 × 10 9 /L, but the exact threshold is unknown [ 106 , 115 ]. …