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The Degree of Anisocoria in Pediatric Patients With Horner Syndrome When Compared to Children Without Disease.

PURPOSE: To study the magnitude of anisocoria in pediatric patients using the plusoptiX A08 (plusoptiX GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany) photoscreen … luated for other localizing signs, such as ptosis, anhidrosis, and neck mass. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53(3):186-189.].

[Cases of congenital eye malformations in children].

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to present a clinical picture of congenital defects in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye and c … of the eye were observed in three children and were associated with microphthalmia, nystagmus, and strabismus. Moreover, systemic anomalies coexisting with ophthalmologic defects were confirmed in 6 children. They were seen in the heart (patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), patent foramen ovale (Pfo), atrial septal defect (ASD), nervous system (aplasia of the co …

Outcome of treated orbital cellulitis in a tertiary eye care center in the middle East.

PURPOSE: To describe risk factors predisposing patients to orbital cellulitis and potential complications in patients treated at a tertiary … t patients received oral antibiotics on discharge for varying periods. There were 6 cases (2.7%) of strabismus and 4 cases (1.8%) of ptosis that persisted after treatment and resolution of orbital cellulitis. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated sinusitis and prior history of orbital trauma were the 2 major causes of orbital cellulitis in patients referred to a tertiary …

Clostridium botulinum: a bug with beauty and weapon.

Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, is distinguished by its significant clinical applications as well as its potential to be used as bioterror agent. Growing cells secrete botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), the most poisonous of all known poisons. While BoNT is the causative agent of deadly neuroparalytic botulism, it also serves as a remarkably effective treatment for involuntary muscle disorders such as blepharospasm, strabismus, hemifacial spasm, certain types of spasticity in children, and other ailments. BoNT is also used in cosmetology for the treatment of…

Acquired Cutis Laxa on the Upper Eyelids and Earlobes: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Acquired cutis laxa is a rare disease. Owing to few reports on the condition, no statistical data have been produced. Cutis laxa is characterized by drooping skin, caused by decreased levels of dermal elastin, leading to reduced skin elasticity. The disease usually emerges on the neck or trunk and spreads throughout the body; however, it rarely involves the extremities. 2 Moreover, cases localized to the face are rare. The objective of this clinical case report was to highlight this unusual disease in a 24-year-old female, with localization on the face and neck. The patient underwent surgery f

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… Tas et al performed a simultaneous surgery for excision of excess upper eyelid skin using the Tripier flap and an internal strabismus surgery in a 12-year-old girl with congenital cutis laxa and internal strabismus. 6 10 Table 1 Summary of cases in which surgery was performed for cutis laxa Case | Published … upper eyelids | Blepharoplasty | Ozsoy et al 17 10. | 2008 | 22 | Male | Acquired | Face | Facelift | De Almeida et al 16 11. | 2010 | 30 | Female | Acquired | Abdomen | Skin excision | Gverić et al 19 12. | 2013 | 12 | Female | Congenital | Bilateral upper eyelids | Skin excision(with oculoplastic for strabismus …

'Cone dystrophy with supranormal rod response' in children.

AIM: To describe the initial clinical presentation of children with 'cone dystrophy with supranormal rod response,' a distinct retinal disorder from recessive KCNV2 mutations. METHODS: Retrospective case series. RESULTS: Nine children (seven families) initially examined from 2 to 8 years of age were identified. Three had a similar initial presentation of abnormal head position with head shaking and nystagmus, while the other six presented with either infantile nystagmus (without abnormal head position or head shaking), suspected congenital glaucoma (with associated nystagmus), intermittent e

Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare home-based pencil push-ups (HBPP), home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy and pencil push-ups (HBCVAT+), office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement (OBVAT), and office-based placebo therapy with home reinforcement (OBPT) as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency. METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial, 221 children aged 9 to 17 years with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary

Clinical spectrum of congenital optic nerve hypoplasia: review of 51 patients.

Fifty-one patients with congenital optic nerve hypoplasia (CONH) were reviewed. It was found that the risk of having an affected child is higher in an adolescent mother, and that maternal alcohol or drug abuse may be important factors. Frequently the disorder is associated with other neuropsychiatric handicaps, and with neuro-endocrine abnormalities. The findings suggest that CONH probably is not a homogeneous group of disorders; some may be caused by primary failure of differentiation of the retinal ganglion cells, while others may be the product of an acquired transsynaptic degeneration of o

Ocular findings in low birthweight and premature babies in the first year: do we need to screen?

PURPOSE: There is no standardized approach for the ophthalmic care follow-up of children screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The authors report the ocular findings at 12 months in preterm and low birthweight babies screened for ROP over a 5-year period (1998-2003). METHODS: The case notes of 211 babies were retrospectively reviewed for birth details, maternal details, presence of ROP, and findings at follow-up screening which included visual acuity, refraction at 12 months, presence of squint, and any other ocular problems. RESULTS: At 1 year follow-up, 16.6% of ROP positive child

Assessment of accommodative function in individuals aged 40-50 years with stage 1 hypertension without hypertensive retinopathy compared with age-matched healthy controls.

PURPOSE: To compare accommodative function between middle-aged adults with stage 1 hypertension and age-matched healthy controls and to investigate the association between blood pressure and accommodative parameters. METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study included 63 participants aged 40-50 years, comprising 33 patients with stage 1 hypertension without hypertensive retinopathy and 30 healthy controls. All participants underwent standardized systemic and ophthalmic examinations. Accommodative function was evaluated using accommodative amplitude (AA), monocular accommodative facility (

Comparison of conventional occlusion and occlusion combined with physical exercise in adults with amblyopia: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Amblyopia in adults has traditionally been regarded as difficult to treat because cortical plasticity declines substantially after critical period. Recent neurophysiological research suggests that aerobic exercise can transiently enhance neuroplasticity, thereby potentially improving the outcome of visual rehabilitation. The present study aimed to evaluate whether incorporating physical exercise with conventional occlusion therapy can augment visual recovery in adults with unilateral amblyopia. METHODS: This prospective, randomized controlled trial included 60 adults aged 18-40 years

Comparison of ocular surface changes after medial rectus resection versus plication.

PURPOSE: To measure the surface change, after medial rectus (MR) resection or plication, with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), and to evaluate associated changes in ocular surface parameters. METHODS: A randomized, interventional study was conducted on 126 patients with primary exotropia with deviation between 35 and 55 PD. Patients underwent lateral rectus recession, with either MR resection (n = 63) or plication (n = 63). Conjunctival-scleral thickness (CST) was measured with ASOCT at 4 mm and 5.5 mm from the scleral spur (corresponding to the location of MR insertion

Dynamics and static pupillometry in congenital Brown syndrome.

PURPOSE: Brown syndrome is conventionally regarded as a mechanical restriction of elevation in adduction, yet congenital cases have been presented that overlap with congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs), raising the possibility of subtle autonomic or neurogenic involvement. METHODS: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 12 patients with unilateral congenital Brown syndrome (mean age: 10.00 ± 4.73 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls (11.3 ± 3.65 years) underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination and quantitative static/dynamic pupillometry using the MonPack One Vis

Surgical treatment of vertical deviation in Möbius syndrome.

PURPOSE: To report the surgical outcomes of the treatment of vertical deviation in patients with Möbius syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients diagnosed with Möbius syndrome treated at the Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital between 2010 and 2024 was performed. Age, sex, and horizontal and vertical ocular deviations before and after surgery were recorded. Ocular deviation was measured using the alternate prism and cover test or Krimsky test according to patient cooperation. RESULTS: Sixty-two children were included, of whom 18 underwent surgical treatm

Effect of vision therapy on children and adults with amblyopia who showed plateaued improvement after occlusion therapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate long‑term visual acuity (VA) trends following a structured vision therapy protocol in patients with amblyopia who had plateaued after conventional occlusion therapy. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 157 patients diagnosed with amblyopia who showed no further VA improvement over at least three consecutive assessments during standard patching. All participants received individualized vision therapy comprising monocular and binocular exercises, fusion training, fixation stabilization, and perceptual tasks, combined with limited daily occlusion (1-3 hours). The

Effect of monocular impaired visual acuity across OptonetTM and non-digital clinical stereotests.

Background: Impaired depth perception can be caused by monocular blur and is assessed with a range of stereotests, but differences in test presentation result in varying outcomes. A new testing system Optonet includes a stereo test which has not been evaluated in terms of the impact of blur; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of simulated impaired visual acuity across differing stereotests including Optonet. Method: Participants aged ≥18 years with visual acuity ≤0.3 logMAR in either eye and <0.2 logMAR interocular difference were included. Visual acuity (VA) was tested

Medial-lateral rectus union for long standing complete third nerve palsy: a prospective interventional study from a tertiary eye care centre.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of medial rectus (MR) and lateral rectus (LR) union in patients with long-standing complete third nerve palsy, with respect to changes in ocular alignment and extraocular motility. METHODS: This prospective interventional study included 11 patients aged 18-60 years with non-resolving complete third nerve palsy of more than six months' duration. Patients with partial palsy, multiple cranial nerve palsies, or previous ocular surgery were excluded. All patients underwent MR-LR union, involving longitudinal splitting of the LR into superior and inferior

Motor and sensory outcomes after botulinum toxin A injection versus unilateral medial rectus recession in small-to-moderate angle esotropia.

PURPOSE: To compare the motor and sensory outcomes of botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection and unilateral medial rectus recession (MRR) in patients with small-moderate angle esotropia. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients with 10-25 prism diopter (PD) esotropia, including non-accommodative, partially accommodative, residual, and infantile subtypes, who underwent either BTA injection or unilateral MRR. Preoperative and postoperative ocular alignment was evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Motor success was defined as postoperative deviation within 0-10 PD. Sensory outcomes

Abbreviated prism adaptation protocol integrated with alternate prism cover testing for preoperative measurement in acute acquired comitant esotropia.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated an abbreviated prism adaptation protocol integrated with alternate prism cover testing (APCT) for more precise measurement of  maximum deviation anglesin acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE). METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 89 AACE patients who underwent unilateral medialrectus recession combined with lateral rectus resection between September 2020 and March 2023. Each patient underwent both traditional APCT and abbreviated prism adaptation protocol (APCT-abbreviated PAT) measurement preoperatively.Surgical planning was based on APCT-abbreviated PA

Surgical management of iatrogenic medial rectus transection following functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a report of two cases.

INTRODUCTION: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a widely used procedure for chronic sinusitis. Although it is generally considered a safe procedure, serious ophthalmic complications might occur. In this report, we discuss the results of Foster augmented full tendon vertical muscle transposition (VRT) with and without resection for two cases presented with iatrogenic complete medial rectus transection following FESS. METHODS: Case 1: A 43-year-old female presented with significant left eye motility limitation after FESS. Examination revealed left very large-angle exotropia 60 prism