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Childhood encephalitis in Crete, Greece.

This study included all 18 cases of children hospitalized for encephalitis in the referral university hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece, during the 5-year period from 2000 to 2004. Encephalitis was attributed to viral infection (echovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and influenza A) in eight children and to bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and Rickettsia typhi) in a further five cases. Multiple hyperintense brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were associated with a severe clinical presentation but not

Disseminated pneumococcal infection with pericarditis and cardiac tamponade: report of one case.

A 1-year-5-months-old female who had cough, rhinorrhea and prolonged fever for 19 days was admitted to the intensive care unit due to exertional dyspnea. She was intubated promptly in virtue of hypotension and cyanosis. The physical examination demonstrated diminished breathing sound over the right lung and distant heart sound; echocardiogram showed cardiac tamponade. Further X ray study showed right hydropneumothorax and cardiomegaly. Pericardiocentesis and chest thoracostomy were performed, and subsequently all the cultures showed growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antibiotics therapy was s…

[Alexander Project--5 years in Poland].

The aim of the Alexander Project is to monitor resistance and its trends among the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and to compare the results obtained between different countries. In Poland, from 1996 to 2000 the percentage of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates non-susceptible to penicillin was 14.1%. Most often decreased susceptibility to penicillin co-existed with resistance to other classes of antibiotics (multi-drug resistance). The biggest number of pneumococci were resistant to co-trimoxazole (35.2%) and doxycycline (33…

Efflux pump Lde is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Listeria monocytogenes.

Five Listeria monocytogenes isolates (CLIP 21369, CLIP 73298, CLIP 74811, CLIP 75679, and CLIP 79372) were found to be resistant to fluoroqu … major facilitator superfamily of secondary transporters that displayed 44% identity with PmrA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Insertional inactivation of the lde gene in CLIP 21369 indicated that the corresponding protein was responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance and was involved in the level of susceptibility to dyes such as ethidium bromide and acridine orange.

Менингит и энцефалит у детей. Обновление.

За последнее десятилетие многое изменилось на фоне менингита и энцефалита у детей. В Соединенных Штатах вирус Западного Нила стал новым этиологическим патогеном, вызывающим энцефалит. Человеческий герпесвирус-6 был назван причиной энцефалита и припадков фебрила. Вирус лимфоцита хориоменингита был определен как недостаточно признанный нейротератоген. Появление резистентного к пенициллину пневмонии Стрептококка затруднило лечение бактериального менингита, в то время как вакцина от гемофилового гриппа коренным образом изменила эпидемиологию болезни. Признание того, что большая часть нейропатологи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Over the course of the past decade, much has changed on the landscape of meningitis and encephalitis in children. West Nile virus has emerge … rus has been identified as an underrecognized neuroteratogen. The emergence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae has complicated the treatment of bacterial meningitis, whereas the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine has fundamentally altered the disease's epidemiology. The recognition that much of the neuropathologic change induced by bacterial meningitis is inflam …

IgG subclass distribution of antibodies after vaccination of adults with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

The serum IgG subclass response of adults to Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) capsular polysaccharides (PS) 6B, 14 and 23F was measured for four Pnc vaccines: the 23-valent PS vaccine or PS-protein conjugates with diphtheria toxoid (PncD), tetanus protein (PncT) or CRM197 protein (PncCRM) carriers. A standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for IgG subclasses was employed. This assay uses pneumococcal reference serum, lot 89-SF, to which anti-Pnc PS IgG subclass concentrations have been assigned. Both IgG1 and IgG2 responses were more frequent and higher in the conjugate groups th…

Otogenic intracranial infections in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the type and bacteriology of otologic diseases associated with bacterial meningitis in adults. METHOD: Retrospective review of 79 patients over an 18-year period. RESULTS: Acute otitis media was diagnosed in 32 patients, chronic otitis in 29 (16 with cholesteatoma), and cerebrospinal fluid leak in 18. Streptococcus pneumoniae was a common cause of meningitis-complicating acute otitis media (69%) or cerebrospinal fluid leak (50%), whereas other bacteria or negative cultures were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic otitis. Surgery was performed prompt…

[Development of resistance to beta-lactams and other antibiotics of pneumococci isolated from acute otitis media in France: statement of the National Reference Center 1995-1996].

POPULATION AND METHODS: During 1995 and 1996, 393 and 566 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from acute otitis media, were respectively sent to the National Reference Center for Pneumococci by its corresponding centers. RESULTS: The resistance rates for 1995 and 1996 were respectively: for penicillin: 65.4 and 70.3% (18.6 and 24.9% of intermediately resistant strains, 46.8 and 45.4% of fully resistant strains), for erythromycin: 57.5 and 68.5%, for tetracycline: 43.2 and 42.6%, for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: 47.5 and 50.9%. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various be…

[Bacterial infections in patients infected by HIV].

Individuals infected by the human immuno deficiency are more prone to suffering certain bacterial infections in the course of their clinical evolution. The agents involved in these infections are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp and Campylobacter spp, which occasion an increase in morbidity and mortality. With a lower frequency, but with an equal morbidity and mortality, infections have been found caused by Rhodococcus equi, Nocardia spp and Bartonella spp. Even though all of them account for a selective impairment of immunodeficiency in…

Therapy of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis.

Antimicrobial therapy of pneumococcal meningitis has been altered in recent years based on changes in pneumococcal susceptibility patterns, with emergence of strains that are either relatively or highly resistant to penicillin G (minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.1-1.0 micrograms/ml and > or = 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. In areas of the world where relatively penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are present, the third generation cephalosporins (either cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) should be used as empiric therapy, and for highly penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strai…

[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome].

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) occurs most commonly in sporadic or epidemic form in otherwise healthy infants or children. The most common agent is Escherichia coli-producing verotoxin (VTEC) in classical HUS. In this paper, the cause or pathogenesis of HUS associated with verotoxin, Shigellosis, streptococcus pneumoniae was described referring to current literature. In addition, this paper also refers to the relationship of HUS with bone marrow transplantation, cancer and renal transplantation. The conclusions were that two syndromes of HUS and TTP may occupy the opposite ends of a continuum…

Corneal storage medium preservation with defensins.

We used a synthetic defensin (rabbit neutrophil peptide-1; NP-1) as a microbicide in a corneal storage medium, Optisol without antimicrobial compounds. We established growth curves in Optisol for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each organism was evaluated separately at 4 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 37 degrees C in Optisol with NP-1 at each of four different concentrations including 1, 10, 100, and 200 micrograms/ml. When the three organisms were evaluated in Optisol containing NP-1, we found that a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml of NP-1 success…

Bacterial tympanogenic labyrinthitis, meningitis, and sensorineural damage.

Pathologic changes (sensorineural hearing loss, labyrinthitis, meningitis) can follow otitis media. Various macromolecular substances demonstrably enter the inner ear via the round window membrane, but its permeability to bacteria is less known. We inoculated Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7F bilaterally into the middle ears of two groups of chinchillas, with and without grafted round window membranes. Inner ears of inoculated animals were observed by light and electron microscopy. None with continuous grafts had labyrinthitis. Bacteria penetrated all three layers of nongrafted round window mem…

A double-blind comparison of low-dose ofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

The efficacy and safety of ofloxacin 400 mg once daily and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg three times daily were compared in a doubl … s were evaluable in 47% of the patients. Predominant initial pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, sometimes in combination, and less frequently Branhamella catarrhalis. In two patients with clinical failure, randomized to ofloxacin, the initial pneumococcal strains persisted in the sputum after treatment.

Increase of acute frontal sinusitis in southwestern Finland.

The number of patients hospitalized for acute infection in the frontal sinuses at the Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology of Turku Universit … t group. The disease also seems to recur increasingly in the same patients. Of the aerobic bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common pathogens and the share of H. influenzae increased slightly, becoming the commonest pathogen in the latter 5-year period. Increasing air pollution in the city area of Turku is worth consideration and s …

Cerebrospinal fluid protein profile in experimental pneumococcal meningitis and its alteration by ampicillin and anti-inflammatory agents.

We studied the effects of ampicillin and anti-inflammatory agents on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein patterns in rabbits with meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. CSF proteins were analyzed in the acute phase of infection and during convalescence by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by two types of staining or by immunoblotting. During the acute phase a massive influx of serum albumin into the CSF was accompanied by the appearance of other proteins of high and low molecular weight. In untreated animals and animals given ampicillin alone or to…

Epiglottitis--an increasing problem for adults.

In a 2-year period, 9 adults were admitted to hospital with acute epiglottitis confirmed by direct laryngoscopy or lateral neck radiograph, … rocedure. In 5 patients blood cultures were positive, 4 for Hemophilus influenzae type b, and 1 for Streptococcus pneumoniae. In 2 patients the H influenzae was ampicillin-resistant. All patients recovered after receiving parenteral steroid therapy and appropriate antibiotics.

Newer oral antimicrobials and newer etiologic agents of acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Although the role of antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of chronic bronchitis is unproven, physicians continue to look for microbial etiologies to explain episodes of clinical acute bronchitis and better antimicrobial agents with which to treat these episodes. The newest major pathogen of acute bronchitis is Branhamella catarrhalis, a neisseriae-like organism that has become the third most commonly recognized cause of this disease after Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Because it produces beta-lactamase, B catarrhalis presents a special problem in drug therapy. A number…

Secretory otitis media: microbiology of the middle ear and the nasopharynx.

Specimens for bacterial culture were obtained from 117 children with secretory otitis media (SOM). From the nasopharynx Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis and group A streptococci were isolated in 79% of the patients. Of 168 ear exudates, 30 yielded growth (18%) from 26 of the patients (22%). Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides could not be detected in exudates assayed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The recovery rate of bacteria from the ear exudates was significantly higher in patients with positive than with negative nasopharyngeal culture (p less t…

In-vitro activity of enoxacin (CL-919), a new quinoline derivative, compared with that of other antimicrobial agents.

The in-vitro activity of enoxacin (CI-919), a new synthetic quinoline derivative was compared with that of three other quinolines ofloxacin, … g/l and Neisseria gonorrhoeae less than 0.03 mg/l. Bacteroides fragilis and streptococci (including Streptococcus pneumoniae) were less susceptible, MIC90 16 mg/l. Against many of the common Enterobacteriaceae enoxacin displayed a similar degree of activity as gentamicin. Gentamicin-resistant strains of common bacterial pathogens were susceptible to enoxacin as were methi …