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Human Leukocyte Antigen-G is enriched in presence of trypanosome in the dermis of individuals exposed to gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis in Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire.

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is an immunomodulatory molecule known to play a crucial role in immune tolerance and regulation. In the co … eropositive suspects and 36 confirmed HAT cases, collected between 2018 and 2022 in endemic foci of Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, were analyzed. Plasmatic and dermal levels of HLA-G proteins were quantified by ELISA and immuno-histochemistry, respectively, and compared to the trypanosome detection results in the same samples. The implication of soluble HLA-G …

Understanding community and health system acceptability, readiness and perspectives on the introduction of new vector control approaches for malaria control in Papua New Guinea.

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and accounted for most malaria cases and deaths in the Western Pacific Region in 2023. Despite current national efforts centred on insecticide treated nets (ITNs), there is a pressing need to explore supplementary vector control tools, given the resurgence of malaria in PNG since 2015, partly driven by declining insecticidal efficacy of ITNs. The Newly Adapted Tools and Network Against Mosquito Borne Disease Transmission (NATNAT) project is assessing the feasibility and acceptability of complementary vector c…

Missed Opportunities for Timely Diagnosis and Effective Therapeutic Management of Prolonged Fever: A Case Study of Confirmed Lassa Fever in N'Zérékoré, Guinea, 2022.

BACKGROUND: Lassa fever is a potentially fatal viral hemorrhagic disease caused by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus of the Arenaviridae family, endemic in West Africa. It is highly virulent and contagious in several countries, with a nonspecific clinical presentation that poses a major public health challenge. An in-depth investigative survey was conducted in N'Zérékoré to identify the transmission chain of a confirmed case of Lassa fever. CASE PRESENTATION: This study reports a confirmed case of Lassa fever diagnosed 13 days after the onset of persistent fever. The disease was suspected at the

Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) applying the modified version of the low-dose dexamethasone-suppression test used in canines.

The low dose dexamethasone stimulation test (LDDST) is routinely used in canine medicine but in the few cases in guinea pigs diagnosed with hypercortisolism, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was used. The objective of the authors was to conduct a pilot study and find out if the standard test used in dogs can be used in this species.A 4-year-old intact female hairless guinea pig showed bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands and high cortisol levels. Urine was collected and, after initial saliva sample collection, 0.01 mg*kg-1 dexamethasone was administered. Saliva was collec…

Prevalence and factors associated with intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age: a multilevel analysis of the 2018 Guinea demographic and health survey.

BACKGROUND: Contraceptive use is a key indicator of improving the health and well-being of women, mothers and their families, preventing unwanted pregnancies, and reducing maternal and child mortalities. Despite a lot of investments from the Government of Guinea to improve contraceptive use, studies reveal that contraceptive use still remains low in Guinea. However, the intention to use contraceptives in Guinea has not been well examined. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the factors associated with the intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Guinea. METHODS: T…

Immune cell infiltration and modulation of the blood-brain barrier in a guinea pig model of tuberculosis: Observations without evidence of bacterial dissemination to the brain.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, is a chronic inflammatory disease. Although typically associated wi … immune cells to enter the brain, initiating a neuroinflammatory response. To test this hypothesis, guinea pigs were exposed by aerosol to a laboratory and a clinical Mtb strain for 15 days. Following Mtb infection, proteins critical to BBB function, including claudin V and collagen IV, are modulated without evidence of bacterial dissemination to the bra …

The Prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis in People Aged 15 Years and Over in Six Evaluation Units of Gaoual, Labé, Dalaba and Beyla Districts, Guinea.

PURPOSE: Trachoma is a public health problem in 42 countries. Inflammation associated with repeated ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can cause the eyelid to scar and turn inwards, resulting in the eyelashes rubbing against the eyeball, known as trachomatous trichiasis (TT). In Guinea, baseline surveys conducted in 2013 reported inflammatory trachoma prevalences below the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold for elimination, but TT prevalences above threshold. Given this epidemiological context and time since baseline survey, TT-only surveys were conducted in selected districts …

Sympathetic and vagal interaction in the control of cardiac pacemaker rhythm in the guinea-pig heart: Importance of expressing heart rhythm using an appropriate metric.

There are many reports that, through pre- and post-junctional mechanisms, sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal) nerves can interact in the … articipation of IK,Ach in AA, a series of experiments was performed on isolated, double innervated, guinea-pig atrial preparations. Vagal bradycardia was elicited by 10-s trains (1, 2, 5 and 7.5 Hz) or single bursts of VNS (3 stimuli at 50 Hz) before and during acceleration of HR by either SNS (1-3 Hz) or isoprenaline (ISO), in both absence and presence …

:: применение подхода, предусматривающего участие населения в эпидемиологической деятельности и < < Единое здоровье > > , в целях изучения возможностей общин в области выявления возникающих зоонозов и создания сетей наблюдения в лесном регионе Гвинеи.

Эпидемия вируса Эбола, угрожающая Западной Африке в период с 2013 по 2016 год, имела беспрецедентные масштабы в области здравоохранения. После этого кризиса в области здравоохранения в исследованиях подчеркивалась необходимость внедрения систем надзора на уровне общин и применения подхода " Единое здоровье " . Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы подготовиться к определению системы общинного наблюдения за возникающими зоонозами, такими, как вирусная геморрагическая лихорадка в Гвинее. Цель заключалась в изучении возможностей выявления заболеваний и создания сети наблюдения н

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Ebola virus disease epidemic that threatened West Africa between 2013 and 2016 was of unprecedented health magnitude. After this health … of a community-based surveillance system for emerging zoonoses such as viral hemorrhagic fevers in Guinea. The objective was to explore the disease detection capacity and the surveillance network opportunities at the community level in two pilot areas in the forest region of Guinea, where the epidemic emerged. Based on a participatory epidemiological an …

A new candidate vaccine for human brucellosis based on influenza viral vectors: a preliminary investigation for the development of an immunization schedule in a guinea pig model.

BACKGROUND: A new candidate vector vaccine against human brucellosis based on recombinant influenza viral vectors (rIVV) subtypes H5N1 expressing Brucella outer membrane protein (Omp) 16, L7/L12, Omp19 or Cu-Zn SOD proteins has been developed. This paper presents the results of the study of protection of the vaccine using on guinea pigs, including various options of administering, dose and frequency. Provided data of the novel vaccine candidate will contribute to its further movement into the preclinical stage study. METHODS: General states of guinea pigs was assessed based on behavior and dy…

Retention of healthcare workers 1 year after recruitment and deployment in rural settings: an experience post-Ebola in five health districts in Guinea.

BACKGROUND: Guinea undertook health workforce reform in 2016 following the Ebola outbreak to overcome decades-long shortages and maldistribution of healthcare workers (HCWs). Specifically, over 5000 HCWs were recruited and deployed to rural health districts and with a signed 5-year commitment for rural medical practice. Governance structures were also established to improve the supervision of these HCWs. This study assessed the effects of this programme on local health systems and its influence on HCWs turnover in rural Guinea. METHODS: An exploratory study design using a mixed-method approac…

Antibody Responses to Two Recombinant Treponemal Antigens (rp17 and TmpA) before and after Azithromycin Treatment for Yaws in Ghana and Papua New Guinea.

WHO and its partners aim to interrupt yaws transmission in countries of endemicity and to certify others as being yaws-free. Transmission can be assessed using rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests, reflecting current or recent infection, but RPR is operationally impractical. We evaluated changes in antibody levels against two recombinant treponemal antigens, rp17 (also known as Tp17) and TmpA, after antibiotic treatment given as part of a randomized controlled trial for yaws in Ghana and Papua New Guinea. Paired serum samples from children aged 6 to 15 years with confirmed yaws, collected before an…

Intranasal nanoemulsion-adjuvanted HSV-2 subunit vaccine is effective as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine using the guinea pig model of genital herpes.

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease representing a major global health concern. Currently, there is no approved vaccine and existing antiviral therapies exhibit limited efficacy. Herein, we describe an intranasal (IN) vaccine comprised of HSV-2 surface glycoproteins gD2 and gB2 formulated in a nanoemulsion adjuvant (NE01-gD2/gB2). Using the HSV-2 genital herpes guinea pig model, we demonstrate that IN NE01-gD2/gB2 induces higher levels of neutralizing antibody compared to a monovalent IN NE01-gD2 vaccine, but less than an intramuscular (IM) Alum/MPL-gD2 vaccine. Following intravag…

Establishment of a cochlear injury model using bone-conducted ultrasound irradiation in guinea pigs and investigation on peripheral coding and recognition of ultrasonic signals.

The cochlea of guinea pigs was irradiated with different frequencies of bone-conducted ultrasound (BCU) at a specific dose to induce cochlear hair cell-specific injuries, in order to establish frequency-related cochlear hair cell-specific injury models. Cochlear near-field potentials were then evoked using BCU of different frequencies and intensities to explore the peripheral coding and recognition of BCU by the cochlea. The inner ears of guinea pigs were irradiated by 30 kHz at 100 db and 80 kHz at100 db BCU for 6h to create frequency-related, ultrasound-specific cochlear injury models. Then,…

Association of cough hypersensitivity with tracheal TRPV1 activation and neurogenic inflammation in a novel guinea pig model of citric acid-induced chronic cough.

Objective This study was performed to establish a novel model of citric acid-induced chronic cough in guinea pigs and to investigate the pathogenesis of cough hypersensitivity. Methods Healthy conscious guinea pigs inhaled citric acid (0.4 M) for 3 minutes twice daily for 25 days. Cough reactivity was evaluated, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) protein expression in the trachea and bronchus was determined. Tracheal and bronchial tissues were exa…

Lp25 membrane protein from pathogenic Leptospira spp. is associated with rhabdomyolysis and oliguric acute kidney injury in a guinea pig model of leptospirosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) from leptospirosis is frequently nonoliguric with hypo- or normokalemia. Higher serum potassium levels are observe … eins have no known function. This study evaluated the effect of these proteins on renal function in guinea pigs. Lp25 is an outer membrane protein that appears responsible for the development of oliguric AKI associated with hyperkalemia induced by rhabdomyolysis (e.g., elevated CPK, uric acid and serum phosphate). This study is the first characterization …

Different effects of BCG strains - A natural experiment evaluating the impact of the Danish and the Russian BCG strains on morbidity and scar formation in Guinea-Bissau.

BACKGROUND: Different Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine strains may have different non-specific effects. We assessed the effect of two BCG strains (Danish and Russian) on childhood morbidity and BCG scarification in Guinea-Bissau. METHODS: During 2011-2013, infants in the Bandim Health Project's urban study area received the Danish or Russian BCG in a natural experiment. Health center consultations were registered at point of care and scar status and size at age 4½ months. We assessed the effect of strain on consultation rates between vaccination and age 45days in Cox proportional hazard…

The Protective effect of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors BiP/GRP78 and CHOP/Gadd153 on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.

CONTEXT: The audiological features and cochlear morphology of individuals with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are well characterized. However, the molecular processes in the cochlea are not well understood. AIMS: To explore the role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response in the guinea pig model of cochlear damage induced by exposure to intense noise. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A pilot case-control study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-eight guinea pigs were divided into four equal groups. At 1, 4, or 14 days (d) post-exposure, the auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were tested before…

Design and analysis considerations in the Ebola_Tx trial evaluating convalescent plasma in the treatment of Ebola virus disease in Guinea during the 2014-2015 outbreak.

The Ebola virus disease outbreak in 2014-2015 led to a huge caseload with a high case fatality rate. No specific treatments were available beyond supportive care for conditions such as dehydration and shock. Evaluation of treatment with convalescent plasma from Ebola survivors was identified as a priority. We evaluated this intervention in an emergency setting, where randomization was unacceptable. The original trial design was an open-label study comparing patients receiving convalescent plasma and supportive care to patients receiving supportive care alone. The comparison group comprised pat