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Resistance of trichostrongyles to benzimidazoles in Italy: a first report in a goat farm with multiple and repeated introductions.

Anthelmintic resistance is widely distributed in small ruminants throughout the world. The extension of resistance seems lower in southern European countries and has not been reported previously in Italy. In the present study, resistance to benzimidazoles, levamisole and ivermectin was evaluated in a multi-breed goat farm of southern Italy. The farm had a history of repeated goat introductions from other flocks and a moderate regimen of anthelmintic treatments using alternatively the three above-mentioned drugs. Resistance of gastrointestinal strongyles was studied on the basis of faecal egg c…

Cardiac lesions in sheep and goats with spontaneous Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia.

A 12-year retrospective search identified 106 sheep and goats diagnosed with Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia, and in which the … o sheep. Cardiac lesions occur in spontaneous cases of C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia in small ruminants and may play a role in the clinical signs and/or the demise of the animal.

Listeria monocytogenes septicemia in foals: A case series (1986 to 2024).

Listeriosis is caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, intracellular rod bacterium that can infect a wide variety of species. Listeriosis occurs in a diverse range of domestic and wild animals but is most commonly a disease of ruminants. Clinical signs include meningoencephalitis, typhlocolitis, septic arthritis, and abortions. Listeriosis in horses has been reported in several countries but is an uncommon diagnosis. This report describes clinical, bacteriological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings in 6 foals with neonatal septicemia from whi…

Emergency response for recently isolated Foot and Mouth Disease virus type A Africa in Egypt 2022.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed ruminants, leading to significant economic losses. In 2022, Egypt faced a severe outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) caused by the A/Africa/G-IV variant. This study assessed the efficacy of local and imported FMDV vaccines (A Iran-05 lineage) against this new variant using in vitro and in vivo methods. Sera from vaccinated calves showed inadequate cross-protection, with mean r1-values of 0.235 and 0.243 for local and imported vaccines, respectively. Challenge tests indicated low protection levels (…

Porcine Astrovirus Infection in Brains of Pigs in Korea.

Recently, neurological diseases associated with astroviruses (AstVs) have been reported in pigs, ruminants, minks, and humans. In 2017, neuro-invasive porcine astrovirus (Ni-PAstV) 3 was detected in the central nervous system (CNS) of pigs with encephalomyelitis in Hungary and the USA. In the process of diagnosing domestic pigs exhibiting neurological signs, histopathologic lesions of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis with meningitis, neuronal vacuolation, and gliosis were detected, and PAstV was identified using reverse transcriptase PCR in CNS samples of four pigs in three farms from August …

Molecular survey for Chlamydia among southern greater gliders (Petauroides volans) from southeastern New South Wales, Australia.

Southern greater gliders (Petauroides volans) are endangered Australian marsupials for which there is little health data currently available. Chlamydia pecorum is the only reported pathogen of greater gliders and infects a broad range of hosts, including other marsupials, ruminants, swine and birds. Conjunctival and cloacal swabs collected from thirty-two southern greater gliders across southeastern New South Wales, Australia were screened for Chlamydia spp. by 23S real-time PCR. None of the ninety-six swabs tested returned a positive result for Chlamydia DNA. We found no evidence of Chlamydia…

Coxiella burnetii Infection in Cats.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, with farm ruminants being considered the main sources of infection for humans. However, there have been several cases of the disease in people that have been related to domestic cats as well. Cats can become infected through various routes, including ingestion of raw milk, hunting and consuming infected rodents and birds, consumption of contaminated pet food, inhalation of contaminated aerosols and dust, and bites from hematophagous arthropods. Infected cats typically do not show symptoms, but pregnant queens may experience abortion or…

External ophthalmomyiasis by Oestrus ovis in tourists visiting Italy. Report of three cases and a literature review.

BACKGROUND: Oestrus ovis is a dipteran parasite responsible of myiasis in small ruminants and reported as the causative agent of myiasis in humans particularly in sheep farming areas. In recent years, several human cases had been reported without any previous history of exposure to livestock or visit to rural areas. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe three clustered cases of ophthalmomyiasis externa in tourists in Sardinia and Sicily and discuss them in the light of the published literature. The patients presented ocular irritation, foreign body sensation, pain, redness, and lacrimation of the ey…

A sporadic case of acute Q fever and identification of the animal source of the infection.

Q fever is a zoonosis. Humans are infected through the inhalation of Coxiella burnetii particles that are dispersed into the air from the birth products or faeces of ruminants. Major outbreaks can occur in association with farming activities. C. burnetii can be disseminated by wind up to several tens of kilometres and infect humans far from its zoonotic source. As a result, the sources of sporadic cases are rarely identified. We report a sporadic case of acute Q fever in a French farmer returning from a cruise in the Caribbean. Careful examination found that the infection was not associated wi…

Присутствие Rickettsia eschlimannii, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae и Coxiella signetii в клещах от скота в северо-западном Алжире.

Скотоводство и его эктопарациты участвуют в эпидемиологии нескольких зоонотических заболеваний. Исследования, касающиеся молекулярного обнаружения инфекционных агентов в клещах из северо-западного Алжира, недостаточны. Таким образом, было расследовано присутствие группы рикеттсии, микроорганизмов Anaplasmaciae и печени Coxiella signetii в клещах, собранных у румын в провинциях Сиди-Бель-Аббес и Сайда. Рикетсия Эшлиманнаи была обнаружена в одном экскавационном бассейне < < Хьяломма > > и одном пуле < < Х. саркатум > > . Более того, "Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae" был н

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Livestock and their ectoparasites are involved in the epidemiology of several zoonotic diseases. Studies regarding the molecular detection o … spp., Anaplasmataceae microorganisms and Coxiella burnetii was investigated in ticks collected from ruminants in Sidi Bel Abbes and Saida provinces. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in one Hyalomma excavatum pool and one H. marginatum pool. Moreover, 'Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae' was found in one H. excavatum and six Rhipicephalus bursa pools. Last …

Clostridium sordellii-associated gas gangrene in 8 horses, 1998-2019.

Gas gangrene occurs in several animal species and is caused by one or more clostridial species. In horses, the disease is most often caused by Clostridium perfringens type A. Although Clostridium sordellii has been associated with gas gangrene in ruminants and humans, cases of the disease associated with this microorganism have not been described in horses, to our knowledge. We report herein 8 cases of gas gangrene caused by C. sordellii in horses. These cases were characterized by myonecrosis and cellulitis, associated with systemic changes suggestive of toxic shock. The diagnosis was confirm…

Perineal urethrostomy to treat obstructive urolithiasis in a captive hand-raised steenbok (Raphicerus campestris).

The steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) is a small antelope of the family Bovidae native to the African continent. Urolithiasis, the formation … exia. The challenges of post-surgical treatment, the importance of positive energy balance in small ruminants under stressful circumstances, as well as the role of diet of hand-reared antelope in predisposition to urolith formation are highlighted.

CONGENITAL NUTRITIONAL MYODEGENERATION (WHITE MUSCLE DISEASE) IN A GIRAFFE ( GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS) CALF.

It is well known that vitamin E and selenium deficiencies in domestic ruminants can lead to white muscle disease. After a clinically normal gestation period at Ouwehand Zoo in the Netherlands, a newborn giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis) calf showed clinical signs of white muscle disease almost immediately after birth. The calf was rejected by the mother and was euthanized 3 days later because of deterioration of clinical signs. At necropsy, pulmonary edema and pallor of skeletal and heart muscles was noted. Histologically, there was hyaline degeneration of skeletal muscle myocytes and pulmonar…

Reassortment and distinct evolutionary dynamics of Rift Valley Fever virus genomic segments.

Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) is a member of Bunyaviridae family that causes a febrile disease affecting mainly ruminants and occasionally humans in Africa, with symptoms that range from mid to severe. RVFV has a tri-segmented ssRNA genome that permits reassortment and could generate more virulent strains. In this study, we reveal the importance of reassortment for RVFV evolution using viral gene genealogy inference and phylodynamics. We uncovered seven events of reassortment that originated RVFV lineages with discordant origins among segments. Moreover, we also found that despite similar sel…

Camelid brucellosis: a review.

Camel brucellosis has been diagnosed in all camel-rearing countries except Australia. In many countries the infection is on the rise in Old … management system. The highest incidence is found when camels are kept together with infected small ruminants. Only a combination of serological methods can detect all serological reactors. Culturing the pathogen is still the preferred test method, although several assays based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed.

Dry-reagent-based PCR as a novel tool for the rapid detection of Clostridium spp.

Improved conventional PCR techniques are required for the rapid on-site detection of human and animal diseases. In this context, a PCR metho … case-like modular device for the rapid on-site detection of microbial pathogens such as blackleg of ruminants caused by Clostridium chauvoei.

Genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi strain 258 and prediction of antigenic targets to improve biotechnological vaccine production.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of several veterinary diseases in a broad range of economically important hosts, which can vary from caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats (biovar ovis) to ulcerative lymphangitis in cattle and horses (biovar equi). Existing vaccines against C. pseudotuberculosis are mainly intended for small ruminants and, even in these hosts, they still present remarkable limitations. In this study, we present the complete genome sequence of C. pseudotuberculosis biovar equi strain 258, isolated from a horse with ulcerative lymphangitis. The genome…

Prevalence, risk factors, and distribution of Cysticercus tenuicollis in visceral organs of slaughtered sheep and goats in central Ethiopia.

An abattoir survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Cysticercus tenuicollis, to find out the association between prevalence and … opriate control measures need to be introduced to reduce the prevalence of these parasites in small ruminants.

In vitro effects of Cucurbita moschata seed extracts on Haemonchus contortus.

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Cucurbita moschata seed against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethane) of C. moschata seed were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition (LMI) assay and adult worm motility (AWM) assay. The highly significant (P<0.001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition>90% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane and methanolic e…

Thelazia rhodesi (Spirurida, Thelaziidae), bovine eyeworm: morphological study by scanning electron microscopy.

Thelazia rhodesi (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) is a parasite of ruminants, which causes ocular infections. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface ultrastructure of adult worms of this nematode. At the anterior end of both sexes, the buccal opening was orbicular. Around the mouth, four pairs of cephalic papillae and two lateral amphids were seen. A pair of lateral cervical papillae was present. In the female, the vulva was located at the anterior part of the body, and the tail end was stumpy with two phasmids near its extremity. In the male, the tail was blunt, without caudal ala…