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Cryo-EM structure of the vault from human brain reveals symmetry mismatch at its caps.

The vault protein is expressed in most eukaryotic cells, where it is assembled on polyribosomes into large hollow barrel-shaped complexes. Despite its widespread and abundant presence in cells, the biological function of the vault remains unclear. In this study, we describe the cryo-EM structure of vault particles that were imaged as a contamination of a preparation to extract tau filaments from brain tissue of an individual with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We identify a mechanism of symmetry mismatch at the caps of the vault, from 39-fold to 13-fold symmetry, where two out of three

Tissue origin dictates functional diversity of BMSC-derived EVs in bone regeneration.

Bone regeneration is mediated by paracrine signaling, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) playing a crucial role as communication mediators. P … t may be an excellent candidate for improving bone healing in autologous bone transplantation, bone tissue engineering, or other bone diseases.

Communicative Nanomotors Reprogram Cancer Cell Death via Pyroptosis.

Nanomotors offer significant advantages over passive nanoparticles in biomedical applications. However, their potential has been largely restricted to cargo transport, with limited capacity for interaction with biological systems. Here, we present next-generation self-assembled nanomotors that not only exhibit chemotactic motility but also actively communicate with cells, reprogramming cell fate by inducing pyroptosis. These nanomotors are designed to respond to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment, triggering nitric oxide (NO)-driven propulsion and selective mi

Review: progression and heterogeneity of multiple sources of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is often a neglected autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the joints leading to pain, swelling and restricted movement, particularly affecting specific population groups and severely reducing the quality of life of patients. Certain risk factors (smoking, diet, infections) contribute to the increased prevalence of the disease in patients, with targeted interventions to alleviate symptoms. Due to the complexity of current medications and the lack of a systematic approach to decision-making, Mesenchymal stromal cells therapy has become increasi

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… One is through tissue engineering, combining cells or materials to exert tissue repair. … In vitro cartilage tissue engineering with 3D porous aqueous-derived silk scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials. 2005;26(34):7082–94. 95. Álvaro-Gracia JM et al. …

Engineering Liver-Specific Promoters: A Comprehensive Review of Design, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications in Gene Therapy.

The liver is a primary metabolic hub and a pivotal target for gene therapy, owing to its capacity for protein secretion, role in metabolic homeostasis and immune tolerance. Liver-directed gene therapies are used to treat numerous inherited metabolic disorders and coagulation factor deficiencies including hemophilia (A and B), Crigler-Najjar syndrome, mucopolysaccharidoses, phenylketonuria, Fabry, Gaucher, Wilson and Pompe diseases. The efficacy and safety of liver-directed gene therapy rely on the use of strong tissue-specific promoters. To date, there are many different liver-specific promote

Nanomedicines Targeting Ferroptosis to Treat Stress-Related Diseases.

Ferroptosis, a unique form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various stress-related diseases like neurodegeneration, vasculopathy, and metabolic disturbance. Stress-related diseases encompass widespread medical disorders that are influenced or exacerbated by stress. These stressors can manifest in various organ or tissue systems and have significant implications for human overall health. Understanding ferroptosis in these diseases offers insights for therapeutic strategies targeting relevant pathways. This review explores ferroptosis m

Novel Chitosan-Gelatin Scaffold with Valproic Acid Augments In Vitro Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The study aimed to develop a biodegradable scaffold incorporating valproic acid (VPA) for improved human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal ste … hBMSC-mediated bone regeneration. This novel approach holds promise for future applications in bone tissue engineering.

Creating a Microenvironment to Give Wings to Dental Pulp Regeneration-Bioactive Scaffolds.

Dental pulp and periapical diseases make patients suffer from acute pain and economic loss. Although root canal therapies, as demonstrated through evidence-based medicine, can relieve symptoms and are commonly employed by dentists, it is still difficult to fully restore a dental pulp's nutrition, sensory, and immune-regulation functions. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in tissue engineering to regenerate dental pulp in a desired microenvironment. With breakthroughs in regenerative medicine and material science, bioactive scaffolds play a pivotal role in creating a s…

Current concepts of bone grafting in trauma surgery.

Bone graft in trauma surgery is commonly used in managing bone defects, non-union, fracture related infections, arthrodesis or to provide structural support in fractures. A variety of bone grafts are made available to the treating physician, which includes autograft, allograft and bone graft substitutes. The future of bone grafting in trauma surgery is exciting with the incorporation of technological advancement such as gene therapy, 3D-printing and tissue engineering. Regardless, there are still limitations to what we understand regarding current bone grafting techniques with conflicting lite…

Hereditary Optic Neuropathies: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based 2D/3D Approaches.

Inherited optic neuropathies share visual impairment due to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as the hallmark of the disease … n iPSCs and their applications, taking into account the more innovative technologies, which include tissue engineering or microfluidics.

Self-healing gelatin-based shape memory hydrogels via quadruple hydrogen bonding and coordination crosslinking for controlled delivery of 5-fluorouracil.

Gelatin-UPy based on gelatin with ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) side chains was prepared with varying content of UPy units. On increasing the UPy … on of Fe3+. The gelatin-UPy based materials are expected to find significant use as suppository and tissue engineering materials to treat tumors.

The perinatal revolution.

The Perinatal Revolution is an exciting and rapidly developing field of medicine that aims to treat and possibly cure disease in the prenata … nnovations in screening and genetic diagnosis, as well as future prospects in cell-based therapies, tissue engineering, gene therapy, and artificial womb are significantly expanding the field and are discussed. Ethical, regulatory and policy concerns closely linked to clinical practice and public awareness are also highlighted as the Perinatal Revolution continues t …

Micropatterned Geometry Shape Oligodendrocyte and Microglia Plasticity.

Cellular adhesion is essential in maintaining multicellular structure by connecting cells to each other in vivo and to a biomimetic substrat … sis of oligodendrocytes and microglia and can be exploited for translational research on functional tissue engineering and implantable device design.

Small Animal Models.

Animal assays represent an important stage between in vitro studies and human clinical applications. These models are crucial for biomedical research and regenerative medicine studies, as these offer precious information for systematically assessing the efficacy and risks of recently created biomaterials, medical devices, drugs, and therapeutic modalities prior to initiation of human clinical trials. Therefore, selecting a suitable experimental model for tissue engineering purposes is essential to establish valid conclusions. However, it remains important to be conscious of the advantages and …

[Skin engineering for severe burns].

Severe burned patients need definitive and efficient wound coverage. Outcome of massive burns has been improved by using cultured epithelial … ntribute to wound healing and were evaluated in cutaneous radiation syndrome. Skin regeneration and tissue engineering methods remain a complex challenge and offer the possibility of new treatment for injured and burned patients.

Scale-up of water-based spider silk film casting using a film applicator.

Spider silk proteins for applications in drug delivery have attracted an increased interest during the past years. Some possible future medical applications for this biocompatible and biodegradable material are scaffolds for tissue engineering, implantable drug delivery systems and coatings for implants. Recently, we reported on the preparation of water-based spider silk films for drug delivery applications. In the current study, we describe the development of a manufacturing technique for casting larger spider silk films from aqueous solution employing a film applicator. Films were characteri…

Cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes.

Replacement of the insulin-producing pancreatic islet beta cells represents the ultimate treatment for type 1 diabetes. Recent advances in islet transplantation underscore the urgent need for developing alternatives to human tissue donors, which are scarce. Two possible approaches are the expansion of differentiated beta cells by reversible immortalization and the generation of insulin-producing cells from embryonic or adult stem cells. It is possible that new insights into endocrine pancreas development will ultimately lead to manipulation of progenitor-cell fate towards the beta-cell phenoty

Generating minicorneal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Corneal epithelial stem cells residing within the annular limbal crypts regulate adult tissue homeostasis. Autologous limbal grafts and tissue-engineered corneal epithelial cell sheets have been widely used in the treatment of various ocular surface defects. In the case of bilateral limbal defects, pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived corneal epithelial cells are now being explored as an alternative to allogeneic limbal grafts. Here, we report an efficient method to generate complex three-dimensional corneal organoids from human PSCs. The eye field primordial clusters that emerged from differen

Towards an in vitro model mimicking the foreign body response: tailoring the surface properties of biomaterials to modulate extracellular matrix.

Despite various studies to minimize host reaction following a biomaterial implantation, an appealing strategy in regenerative medicine is to actively use such an immune response to trigger and control tissue regeneration. We have developed an in vitro model to modulate the host response by tuning biomaterials' surface properties through surface modifications techniques as a new strategy for tissue regeneration applications. Results showed tunable surface topography, roughness, wettability, and chemistry by varying treatment type and exposure, allowing for the first time to correlate the effect

SpyCatcher-Engineered Ferritin Nanocages Enable Dual-Receptor Targeting for Enhanced Glioma Therapy.

Human heavy-chain ferritin (FTn) that can bind to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) has emerged as a promising platform for brain tumor drug delivery. However, the broad expression of TfR1 in normal tissues fundamentally limits tumor selectivity and therapeutic precision. Herein, we engineered a dual-receptor-targeting FTn nanoplatform by site-specifically conjugating an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) affibody to FTn using the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system, generating FTn-EGFRAfb nanoparticles. This modular strategy preserves FTn architecture and stability while enabling precise ligand conjuga