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Health economic evidence for the use of molecular biomarker tests in hematological malignancies: A systematic review.

ObjectivesMolecular biomarker tests can inform the clinical management of genomic heterogeneous hematological malignancies, yet their availability in routine care largely depends on the supporting health economic evidence. This study aims to systematically review the economic evidence for recent molecular biomarker tests in hematological malignancies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in five electronic databases for studies published between January 2010 and October 2020. Publications were independently screened by two reviewers. Clinical study characteristics, economic methodology, and

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… applicable | Not reported | Not applicable | Administrative claims data | 83% Latremouille‐Viau et al. (2017) | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Probabilistic analysis | Not applicable | Administrative claims data | 83% Jabbour et al. (2018) | Decision tree model | … Among the nine model‐based studies, cohort‐level modeling techniques ( n = 8; 89%) 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 36 were more common than patient‐level models ( n = 1; 11%). 29 The latter was a patient‐level state‐transition model (STM). 29 Cohort‐level models were either decision trees ( n …

Интеграция машинного обучения и бипло ГПЭ для идентификации пригодных для климата генотипов кустарников.

Граспея является богатой питательными веществами пищевой культурой, известной своей стойкостью в сложных агроэкосистемах. Вместе с тем информация о рекомендациях генотипов кузнепия относительно их пригодности как для общей, так и для конкретной адаптации является недостаточной. Главная цель исследования заключалась в определении стабильных генотипов кустарников путем сведения к минимуму влияния сложных взаимодействий между различными чертами окружающей среды. Кроме того, это исследование было направлено на выявление подходящих мест в различных агроклиматических зонах Индии для будущей оценки,

Outcome and prognostic indicators of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants admitted to the intensive care unit.

The prognosis of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) who require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) has been regarded as extremely poor. We sought to re-evaluate recent outcomes and predictive factors in a retrospective cohort study. Among the 605 adult patients that received an HSCT between 2001 and 2006, 154 required admission to the ICU. Of these, 47% were discharged from the ICU, 36% were discharged from the hospital, and 19% survived 6 months. Allogeneic transplant, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor-use, and neutropenia were each associated with increased m

Инструмент машинного обучения для прогнозирования недавно диагностированного остеопороза в области первичной медико-санитарной помощи в регионе Стокгольма.

Повышение точности и своевременности диагностики остеопороза может помочь предотвратить хрупкие переломы, заболеваемость и смертность для пожилых людей. Остеопороз часто является безмолвным состоянием здоровья, особенно в том, что касается переломов позвоночника, и ВОЗ обратилась с призывом к оказанию первичной медико-санитарной помощи, с тем чтобы она вела работу по выявлению, оценке и лечению таких заболеваний, как остеопороз. Мы использовали метод машинного обучения, Stocastic Gradient Bousting (SGB), чтобы определить, какие диагнозы в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощи предсказываю

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… The SGB model used a maximum of 20,000 decision trees; for men 40–65 years 1023 trees, with sensitivity: 0.837, and specificity 0.888; for men > 65 years 2617 trees, with sensitivity 0.833, and specificity 0.920; for women 40–65 years 8208 trees, with sensitivity 0.822, and specificity 0.873; and finally …

Electrophysiological-based automatic subgroups diagnosis of patients with chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Dysimmune Polyneuropathies (CDP) encompass a group of conditions characterized by autoimmune etiology targeting myelin and/or axonal components. Subgroups include Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) and paraproteinemic neuropathies associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, with anti-MAG antibodies (IgM-MGUS anti-MAG+) and without anti-MAG antibodies (IgM-MGUS anti-MAG-). Their identification is crucial for determining the most suitable treatment options, yet it poses significant challenges. In this study, an electrophysiolo

Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of direct oral anticoagulants for cancer-associated thrombosis: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize pharmacoeconomic evidence of prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and evaluate the quality of the studies. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, the Center for Reviews and Dissemination Database, the Health Technology Assessment Database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database were searched to collect economic evaluations. The search covered publications from their inception until June 13, 2024. Study selection was conducted independently by two researcher

Early termination of cardiovascular trials as a consequence of poor accrual: analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov 2006-2015.

ObjectivesTo present a snapshot of experimental cardiovascular research with a focus on geographical and temporal patterns of early termination due to poor accrual.SettingThe Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT) database, reflecting ClinicalTrials.gov as of 27 March 2016.DesignThe AACT database was searched for all cardiovascular clinical trials that started from January 2006 up to December 2015.ResultsThirteen thousand and seven hundred twenty-nine cardiovascular trials were identified. Of these, 8900 (65%) were classified as closed studies. Globally, 11% of closed trials were term

Whether and How Disutilities of Adverse Events were Used in the Economic Evaluation of Drug Therapy for Cancer Treatment.

BackgroundThe disutilities of adverse events (AEs) are important inputs for cost-utility analysis (CUA), reflecting the impacts of AEs on health outcomes. Health technology assessment institutions and scholars have proposed recommendations for applying disutility values in economic evaluations.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the current use of disutilities of AEs as model parameters in the CUA of cancer drug therapy and to compare the discrepancies between the use of disutilities and published recommendations.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on the PubMed, Web of Science, and Co

Исследования " горячих точек " и тенденций в области электрической стимуляции нарушений движения: библиометрический анализ на основе 2016 в адрес 2025.

Лечение электрической стимуляции стало важнейшим средством борьбы с нарушениями, связанными с движением. Однако быстро расширяющийся и фрагментированный объем литературы требует макроскопической оценки для выявления глобальных сетей сотрудничества и формирующихся научных границ. В связи с этим в рамках этого исследования был проведен всеобъемлющий визуализационный анализ исследовательских тенденций и " горячих точек " в этой области для определения эволюционной траектории и определения будущих терапевтических изменений. Публикации 2016 в адрес 2025 были найдены в Web of Science Core

Radiomics models to predict bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma using CT.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow is the leading site for metastasis from neuroblastoma and affects the prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma. However, the accurate diagnosis of bone marrow metastasis is limited by the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. Radiomics analysis has been applied in various cancers to build accurate diagnostic models but has not yet been applied to bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma. METHODS: We retrospectively collected information from 187 patients pathologically diagnosed with neuroblastoma and divided them into training and validation sets in

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases.

Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae a

Rationale and Design of the Cancer Immunotherapy Evidence Living (CIEL) Library: A Continuously Updated Clinical Trial Database of Cancer Immunotherapies.

Background and aimsImmunotherapies for cancers are tested in large numbers of clinical trials. It is difficult for clinicians and researchers to stay current with the evidence, and traditional systematic reviews and clinical guidelines are not suited to ensure a continued overview of all trials and their results. To address this problem, we designed the Cancer Immunotherapy Evidence Living (CIEL) Library.MethodsWe included planned, ongoing, and completed interventional trials of immunotherapies for cancer, regardless of trial design (e.g., randomization, blinding, and type of comparator). We s

Machine Learning Meets Cancer.

The role of machine learning (a part of artificial intelligence-AI) in the diagnosis and treatment of various types of oncology is steadily increasing. It is expected that the use of AI in oncology will speed up both diagnostic and treatment planning processes. This review describes recent applications of machine learning in oncology, including medical image analysis, treatment planning, patient survival prognosis, and the synthesis of drugs at the point of care. The fast and reliable analysis of medical images is of great importance in the case of fast-flowing forms of cancer. The introductio

First-Line treatment for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of efficacy, safety, and high-risk subgroups.

Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody-based regimens have emerged as the first-line standard of care for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), yet direct head-to-head comparisons between individual regimens remain limited. The systematic review identified 11 eligible randomised controlled trials; 6 of these, involving 3162 patients, entered the Bayesian network meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy, safety, and benefits in the cytogenetically high-risk subgroup across 7 treatment nodes, keeping the dexamethasone-sparing IFM2017-03 schedule (D-R-limited dexameth

Survival of hematological patients after discharge from the intensive care unit: a prospective observational study.

IntroductionAlthough the survival rates of hematological patients admitted to the ICU are improving, little is known about the long-term outcome. Our objective was to identify factors related to long-term outcome in hematological patients after ICU discharge.MethodsA prospective, observational study was carried out in seven centers in Spain. From an initial sample of 161 hematological patients admitted to one of the participating ICUs during the study period, 62 were discharged alive and followed for a median time of 23 (1 to 54) months. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to i

Clinical Usefulness of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Management of Pulmonary Infiltrates in Adults with Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation.

IntroductionPulmonary complications are frequent in patients with hematologic malignancies and stem cell transplantation. Regardless of the microbiological usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), little information exists on both its benefits as a guide for therapeutic decisions and its impact on patients' clinical outcome.MethodsA prospective observational single-center study was performed between July 2011 and July 2016. Consecutive episodes of pulmonary infiltrates were analyzed in subjects over 18 years of age who presented hematologic malignancies and underwent chemotherapy or stem ce

Predicting Long-term Survival After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: Machine Learning-Based Model Development and Validation.

BackgroundScoring systems developed for predicting survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) show suboptimal prediction power, and various factors affect posttransplantation outcomes.ObjectiveA prediction model using a machine learning-based algorithm can be an alternative for concurrently applying multiple variables and can reduce potential biases. In this regard, the aim of this study is to establish and validate a machine learning-based predictive model for survival after allogeneic HCT in patients with hematologic malignancies.MethodsData from 1470 patients with he

Immune landscape-based machine-learning-assisted subclassification, prognosis, and immunotherapy prediction for glioblastoma.

IntroductionAs a malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by intratumor heterogeneity, a worse prognosis, and highly invasive, lethal, and refractory natures. Immunotherapy has been becoming a promising strategy to treat diverse cancers. It has been known that there are highly heterogeneous immunosuppressive microenvironments among different GBM molecular subtypes that mainly include classical (CL), mesenchymal (MES), and proneural (PN), respectively. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of immune landscapes among them is essential for identifying novel immune markers of GBM.

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… RF Provided by Beriman et al. in 2001 ( 38 ), RF is a classification and regression method based on the aggregation of a large number of decision trees. … XGBoost As a regression tree that has the decision rules as a decision tree, the XGBoost algorithm was first proposed by Chen et al. ( 42 ). It can be used for regression, classification, and ranking problems. …

Machine learning triumphs in differentiating fungal and bacterial infections.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are immunocompromised and highly susceptible to severe infections. Invasive fungal disease (IFD) carries a particularly high mortality rate, yet its presentation often mimics bacterial infection, leading to misdiagnosis, inappropriate antibiotic use, and delayed antifungal therapy. This case-control study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning-based model to accurately distinguish IFD from bacterial infection in MM patients. METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, we analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data fro

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… Nine classification algorithms were compared: LR, random forest, gradient-boosted trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, SVM with RBF kernel, KNN, AdaBoost, and decision trees. … This study employed and compared nine machine learning algorithms: LR, Support Vector Machine (SVM), KNN, Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting, LightGBM, XGBoost, AdaBoost, and Decision Tree. …

Artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development.

Artificial intelligence-integrated drug discovery and development has accelerated the growth of the pharmaceutical sector, leading to a revolutionary change in the pharma industry. Here, we discuss areas of integration, tools, and techniques utilized in enforcing AI, ongoing challenges, and ways to overcome them.

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… QSAR modeling tools have been utilized for the identification of potential drug candidates and have evolved into AI-based QSAR approaches, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machines (SVMs), random forest (RF) and decision trees, which can be applied to speed up QSAR analysis … Gams et al. used a combination of human efforts and AI, wherein preliminary data from production batches were analyzed and decision trees developed. These were further translated into rules and analyzed by the operators to guide the production cycle in the future [93] . …