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Integumentary System

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… Langerhans cells express CD1, class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, CD45, vimentin, and S-100. The long dendritic processes of Langerhans cells traverse the intercellular space to the granular cell layer, where they function in immunosurveillance as antigen-presenting cells. …

Different origin-derived exosomes and their clinical advantages in cancer therapy.

Exosomes, as a class of small extracellular vesicles closely related to the biological behavior of various types of tumors, are currently attracting research attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Regarding cancer diagnosis, the stability of their membrane structure and their wide distribution in body fluids render exosomes promising biomarkers. It is expected that exosome-based liquid biopsy will become an important tool for tumor diagnosis in the future. For cancer treatment, exosomes, as the "golden communicators" between cells, can be designed to deliver different drugs, aiming to ac

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… Dan Ma et al. characterized B lymphocyte-derived exosomes in fatal Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and found significant alterations in histone H1.3, vimentin, and tyrosine protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) levels. …

Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Treatment of Cancer.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an ancient homeostasis mechanism operating from embryonic stages to adulthood. It controls the growth and development of many cells and cell lineages. Dysregulation of the components of the ECS may result in uncontrolled proliferation, adhesion, invasion, inhibition of apoptosis and increased vascularization, leading to the development of various malignancies. Cancer is the disease of uncontrolled cell division. In this review, we will discuss whether the changes to the ECS are a cause or a consequence of malignization and whether different tissues react dif

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… A study that involved 2-methyl-2′-F-anandamide (Met-F-AEA) showed a significant reduction in β-catenin, vimentin, N-cadherin, and fibronectin, which are considered mesenchymal markers in tumor invasion. Moreover, Met-F-AEA decreased the levels of EMT markers such as Snail1, Slug, and Twist [ 223 ]. …

Transforming tumor microenvironments: nanotechnology and gene therapy in cellular signaling and epigenetic insight into chemo-resistance.

Chemoresistance remains the primary cause of cancer treatment failure, yet current understanding remains fragmented across isolated mechanistic studies. This review provides a unified framework linking tumor microenvironment (TME) signaling, epigenetic reprogramming, and nanotherapeutic intervention as an integrated axis driving and potentially reversing chemoresistance. We systematically examine how TME components: hypoxia (HIF-1α pathway), acidosis, cancer-associated fibroblasts (TGF-β/PDGF signaling), and immune cells (NF-κB-mediated immunosuppression) activate signaling cascades that direc

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… Similarly, increased matrix stiffness in pancreatic cancer models caused the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and YAP, the induction of EMT (loss of E-cadherin, gain of vimentin), and, consequently, resistance to paclitaxel. …

Использование естественных экзоцитозных везикул для борьбы с возрастными заболеваниями: от возрастных драйверов до терапевтических возможностей.

Старение — это сложный биологический процесс, приводящий к увеличению нагрузки возрастных заболеваний (ARD). Клеточная старость, включающая необратимое остановку клеточного цикла и выделение фенотипа секреторной активности при старении (SASP), играет центральную роль в старении и развитии ARD. Естественные экзоцитические везикулы (NEVs) — это везикулы, полученные из клеток, органов и тканей без искусственных вмешательств. В последние годы NEVs привлекли внимание как медиаторы межклеточной коммуникации, и показали многофункциональный потенциал в регулировании клеточной старости и ARD. С одной с

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… Copyright 2020, Wiley. ( C ) Schematic diagram of NEVs derived from MSCs mediating retinal degeneration treatment via miR-21 . 238 Copyright 2021, Nature. ( D ) Immunofluorescence detection of vimentin fluorescence intensity in retinal Müller cells treated with hESEVs-derived NEVs. 241 Copyright 2021 …

"Complimenting the Complement": Mechanistic Insights and Opportunities for Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and a leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. HCC remains a global health problem and is highly aggressive with unfavorable prognosis. Even with surgical interventions and newer medical treatment regimens, patients with HCC have poor survival rates. These limited therapeutic strategies and mechanistic understandings of HCC immunopathogenesis urgently warrant non-palliative treatment measures. Irrespective of the multitude etiologies, the liver microenvironment in HCC is intricately associated with chronic

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… Importantly, areas with TAMs showed high expressions of IL-1 receptor, HIF-1α and Vimentin suggesting epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). In a Huh-7 xenograft mouse model, the authors showed that IL-1β-induced EMT was mediated through HIF-1α resulting in metastatic lesions ( 70 ). …

The interplay of exercise and green tea: a new road in cancer therapy.

Exercise is one of the most important activities for every individual due to its proven health beneficials. Several investigations have highlighted the advantageous impacts of aerobic exercise, largely attributed to its capacity to enhance the body's capability to defend against threats against oxidative stress. The information currently accessible suggests that adding regular aerobic exercise to a daily routine greatly decreases the chances of developing serious cancer and passing away. An unevenness in the levels of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses, made up of enzyme and non

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… An example of this is how curcumin impacts the proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as vimentin, fibronectin, β-catenin, and E-cadherin, as well as the genes expressed in cancer stem cells, namely Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. …

Current State of Knowledge on Primary Sjögren's Syndrome, an Autoimmune Exocrinopathy.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, whereby sicca syndrome and/or systemic manifestations are the clinical hallmarks, associated with a particular autoantibody profile. pSS is the most frequent connective tissue disease after rheumatoid arthritis, affecting 0.3-3% of the population. Women are more prone to develop pSS than men, with a sex ratio of 9:1. Considered in the past as innocent collateral passive victims of autoimmunity, the epithelial cells of the saliv

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… ACPA are directed against fibrin and fibrinogen, vimentine and alpha-enolase (CEP-1). In general, ACPA antibodies are the marker most observed in rheumatoid arthritis but are usually present in low concentrations in pSS as well, in about 3–22% of cases [ 159 ]. …

Melanoma and immunotherapy bridge 2015 : Naples, Italy. 1-5 December 2015.

MELANOMA BRIDGE 2015 KEYNOTE SPEAKER PRESENTATIONS Molecular and immuno-advances K1 Immunologic and metabolic consequences of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in melanoma Vashisht G. Y. Nanda, Weiyi Peng, Patrick Hwu, Michael A. Davies K2 Non-mutational adaptive changes in melanoma cells exposed to BRAF and MEK inhibitors help the establishment of drug resistance Gennaro Ciliberto, Luigi Fattore, Debora Malpicci, Luigi Aurisicchio, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Carlo M. Croce, Rita Mancini K3 Tumor-intrinsic beta-catenin signaling mediates tumor-immune avoidance Stefani Spranger, Thomas F. Gajewski K4 Intra

Proceedings 27th Symposium ESVN‐ECVN

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The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma-How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle?

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role in immunosurveillance, acting alongside other immune cells in the response against various types of malignant tumors and the prevention of metastasis. Since their discovery in the 1970s, they have been thoroughly studied for their capacity to kill neoplastic cells without the need for previous sensitization, executing rapid and robust cytotoxic activity, but also helper functions. In agreement with this, NK cells are being exploited in many ways to treat cancer. The broad arsenal of NK-based therapies includes adoptiv

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… Receptor | Ligand(s) | Function | Reference NKp30 | B7-H6, BAT3, viral ligands, heparan sulfate proteoglycan | Stimulatory | [ 42 , 43 ] NKp44 | Viral ligands, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, nidogen-1, PCNA | Stimulatory | [ 42 , 43 ] NKp46 | Viral ligands, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, vimentin | Stimulatory …

BCL-2 and BCL-xL in Cancer: Regulation, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting.

The BCL-2 family of proteins plays a central role in the regulation of apoptosis, with BCL-2 and BCL-xL representing two of its most prominent antiapoptotic members. This review explores the molecular regulation of BCL-2 and BCL-xL genes, emphasizing the structural domains that define the functions of the broader BCL-2 family. Beyond their canonical roles in preventing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, both proteins contribute significantly to cancer development. Their overexpression enhances invasiveness and tumor progression, supports angiogenesis, and critically modulates cellu

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… Increased expression of BCL-xL was associated with augmented expression of MMP-2 and vimentin, enhanced phosphorylation of p38 and AKT, and downregulation of E-cadherin [ 164 ]. …

Oleocanthal as a Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Agent: Mechanistic Insights, Advanced Delivery Strategies, and Synergies for Precision Oncology.

Oleocanthal (OC), a secoiridoid phenolic compound exclusive to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has emerged as a promising nutraceutical with multifaceted anti-cancer properties. Despite its well-characterized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the mechanistic breadth and translational potential of OC in oncology remain underexplored and fragmented across the literature. This comprehensive review synthesizes and critically analyzes recent advances in the molecular, pharmacological, and translational landscape of OC's anti-cancer activities, providing an integrative framework to bridge pr

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… This is evidenced by the increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the concomitant downregulation of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin following OC treatment. …

ROS 2020 Abstract

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Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally.

Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological

The sirtuin family in health and disease.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Heterogeneity, Cancer Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Targets.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are functionally diverse stromal regulators that orchestrate tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance through dynamic crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent advances in single-cell multiomics and spatial transcriptomics have identified conserved CAF subtypes with distinct molecular signatures, spatial distributions, and context-dependent roles, highlighting their dual capacity to promote immunosuppression or restrain tumor growth. However, therapeutic strategies struggle to reconcile this functional duality, hindering clinica

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… Upon exposure to these tumor‐derived signals, MSCs differentiate into CAFs, acquiring specific characteristics, such as elevated expression levels of α‐SMA, FAP, and vimentin [ 37 ]. …

The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges.

Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in

Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells: origin, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.

Cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes are a unique subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by their cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. Unlike traditional CD4+ helper T cells, cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes exhibit similar cytotoxicity to that of CD8+ T cells, revealing unexpected plasticity in CD4+ T-cell functions. This flexibility suggests that CD4+ T cells can transform and acquire effector functions beyond their conventional functions, emphasizing their importance in various immune responses. Despite the identification of cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes decades ago, recent advancements have broaden

MicroRNA-7: a versatile player and core target in brain disorders.

OBJECTIVE: This article provides a systematic review of the biological characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and roles of MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) in the nervous system, as well as explores its clinical translation potential and challenges. METHODS: A review analysis integrating the progress of basic and clinical research related to miR-7. RESULTS: Characteristics and Regulation: miR-7 is highly expressed in mammalian brain tissues, with its function finely regulated by ceRNA networks (such as ciRS-7 and lncRNA SNHG1) and epigenetic modifications, forming a multi-layer dynamic regulatory system.