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Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the IMP dehydrogenase inhibitor VX-497: a comparison with ribavirin and demonstration of antiviral additivity with alpha interferon.

The enzyme IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides, namely, the conversion … virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus [VEEV], dengue virus, yellow fever virus, coxsackie B3 virus, encephalomyocarditis virus [EMCV], and influenza A virus). VX-497 was 17- to 186-fold more potent than ribavirin against HBV, HCMV, RSV, HSV-1, parainfluenza-3 virus, EMCV, and VEEV infections in cultured cells. The therap …

Какова роль инсектицидов в программах борьбы с переносчиками болезней?

В большинстве стран, в которых они эндемичны, по-прежнему сохраняются серьезные проблемы в области общественного здравоохранения, связанные с болезнями, передаваемыми векторами, включая денге, желтую лихорадку, японский энцефалит, малярию, лейшманиоз и филариатис. В некоторых случаях они становятся все более распространенными и распространяются на новые географические районы. Для ряда инфекций наиболее эффективным способом контроля за их передачей является контроль за их переносчиками. Однако в некоторых случаях, таких, как болезнь денге и Шагаса, альтернативы этому нет. В большинстве стран, э

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vector-borne diseases including dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, leishmaniasis, and filariasis remain severe public health problems in most of the countries in which they are endemic. In some cases, their incidence is increasing and they are spreading to new geographic areas. For a number of the infections, the most effective manner of c…

A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses with those of other alphaviruses and related RNA viruses.

The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1982 Florida strain of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus, and partial sequence of the nonst … r alphaviruses and plant viruses in the alphavirus-like group, but less than that of poliovirus and yellow fever virus. This slight deficiency may reflect adaptation for replication in both CpG-deficient vertebrates, as well as insects which do not have CpG-deficient genomes. Phylogenetic analyses using nonstructural protein amino acid sequences indicated that …

ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OF MICE : I. CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOGENESIS OF THE VIRUS.

1. The two strains of virus named GD VII and FA, respectively, accidentally discovered during experiments with yellow fever, have been shown to be immunologically related to each other, as well as to the virus of mouse encephalomyelitis. 2. Infection of the central nervous system can be produced with both strains by intracerebral, intranasal, or intraperitoneal inoculations. The cardinal symptom produced by the GD VII strain of virus by all three methods of inoculation is a flaccid paralysis of the limbs. The symptoms produced by the FA strain are referable to lesions of the brain when infecti…

Application of modified shell vial culture procedure for arbovirus detection.

The isolation of arboviruses from patient's low titer sera can be difficult. Here we compared the detection efficiency of Dengue (DEN), Yellow Fever (YF), Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE), West Nile (WN), Ilheus (ILH), Group C (GC), Oropouche (ORO), Mayaro (MAY) and Venezuela Encephalitis Equine (VEE) viruses using a Modified Shell Vial Culture (MSVC) protocol to a Standard Cell Culture (SCC) protocol. First the MSVC and SCC protocols were compared using five dilutions for each of the following stock viruses: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4, YF, SLE, WN, ILH, GC, ORO, MAY and VEE. Next, patients' ori…

Update on travelers' health.

As an international traveler, contact your health care provider at least 4 to 6 weeks before departure to obtain needed vaccinations and prophylactic medications. Be aware of the occurrence of any disease outbreaks in the countries you are visiting. While traveling, don't forget that one of the most important practices in preventing illness from infections is handwashing. Wash your hands carefully and frequently with soap and water, and if soap and water are not available use an alcohol-based hand rub. Be a responsible traveler by becoming informed about health risks and what to do to avoid th

Systematic review of Aedes aegypti control trials suggests publication bias related to author disclosure of conflicts of interest.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmit multiple arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, resulting in a large global disease burden. Vector control remains the key strategy to prevent transmission due to the absence of widely available vaccines or treatments. Many studies evaluate control approaches, yet only a subset are published in peer-reviewed journals. One potential contributor to selective reporting, or publication bias, could be a conflict of interest (COI), defined as employment by a for-profit company conducting the trial, or a financial interest tie…

How population control of pests is modulated by density dependence: The perspective of genetic biocontrol.

Managing pest species relies critically on mechanisms that regulate population dynamics, particularly those factors that change with populat … enetic biocontrol strategies. While the model is parameterized using the life history traits of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, the principles developed here apply to many pest species. We conclude by discussing the implications of density dependence timing and strength for suppression of pest populations.

Characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease in Northern Bangladesh: Clinical, Pathological, Biochemical, and Molecular Perspectives.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important disease of cattle, considered as a threat to the livestock industry. This study aimed to assess the clinical symptoms, gross pathology and histopathology, serum biochemical values, and molecular characterization of LSD in cattle. Cattle in Dinajpur, Thakurgaon, Nilphamari, and Rangpur affected by LSD were initially diagnosed through clinical signs and gross lesions. Blood samples were then collected for biochemical analysis and molecular detection through PCR, and sequencing was performed to characterize the LSD virus (LSDV). The prevalence

Overview of childhood vaccination coverage in Brazil and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Is our children's health at risk? A review of pre-COVID-19 periods and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has had a great impact on several aspects related to the population's health, including the … values of this indicator were associated with a more expressive reduction in CVC, mainly related to yellow fever, pentavalent, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate, Human rotavirus, and triple viral (protecting against measles, mumps, and rubella - MMR) vaccines. CONCLUSION: Although Brazil has a successful and exemplary record in combating several diseases, main …

COMPARATIVE LABORATORY ACTIVITY AND SEMI-FIELD EFFICACY OF OMNIPRENE® G AND ALTOSID® PELLETS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI.

Mosquito larval control by biorational larvicides plays a crucial role in mosquito and mosquito-borne disease management. However, the avail … ® Pellets with DR-tech, both containing 4.25% S-methoprene, at 2.8 kg/ha and 11.2 kg/ha against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) in outdoor microcosms. Both products performed equally in bioassays against the test species with comparable inhibition of emergence activities. In the semi-field study, the lower dose of Altosid Pellets at 2.8 kg/ha, sho …

Investigating the dose-dependency of the midgut escape barrier using a mechanistic model of within-mosquito dengue virus population dynamics.

Arboviruses can emerge rapidly and cause explosive epidemics of severe disease. Some of the most epidemiologically important arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, most notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. After a mosquito blood feeds on an infected host, virus enters the midgut and infects the midgut epithelium. The virus must then overcome a series of barriers before reaching the mosquito saliva and being transmitted to a new host. The virus must escape from the midgut (known…

Where boundaries become bridges: Mosquito community composition, key vectors, and environmental associations at forest edges in the central Brazilian Amazon.

Risk of spillover and spillback of mosquito-borne viruses in the neotropics, including yellow fever, dengue, Zika (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus), chikungunya, and Mayaro (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) viruses, is highest at ecotones where humans, monkeys, and mosquitoes coexist. With a view to identifying potential bridge vectors, we investigated changes in mosquito community composition and environmental variables at ground level at distances of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 m from the edge of a rainforest reserve bordering the city of Manaus in the central Brazilian Amazon. During two rainy seasons in 2019 …

Travel vaccines-priorities determined by incidence and impact.

BACKGROUND: Infectious disease epidemiology is continuously shifting. While travel has been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and travel-re … italized proportion was 10 and 22%, respectively, according to two recent publications. With recent yellow fever outbreaks particularly in Brazil, its estimated monthly incidence has risen to >0.1%. Meanwhile, improvements in hygiene and sanitation have led to some decrease in foodborne illnesses; however, hepatitis A monthly incidence remains substantial in m …

Severe acute polyradiculoneuritis revealing systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

The Nigeria Polio Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) was established in October 2012 to strengthen coordination, provide strategic direction … astructure and staff expertise were used to investigate and respond to outbreaks of Ebola, measles, yellow fever, and meningitis and to oversee maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination campaigns. The EOC structure at the national and state levels has contributed to the positive achievements in the polio eradication program in Nigeria and further in the coordi …

Chlamydia psittaci causing severe pneumonia with an initial complaint of massive watery sputum: a case report.

BACKGROUND: With the widespread application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in pathogen detection, the reports of severe Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) pneumonia are increasing. It is essential to determine the best management of severe C. psittaci pneumonia. CASE DESCRIPTION: This report describes a 51-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of expectoration, relative bradycardia, and dyspnea. Lung computed tomography (CT) on day 1 (D1) showed consolidation of the left lower lobe. He was intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). The symptoms of

Comprehensive Molecular Interaction Studies to Construe the Repellent/Kill Activity of Geraniol During Binding Event Against Aedes aegypti Proteins.

Aedes aegypti is an etiological agent for dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever viruses. With the advent of the use of natural alternatives as repellents, their precise mode of action during the event of binding is still unclear. Geraniol is one such bioactive natural that has been previously shown to have some insecticide properties. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the mechanism of the binding event of geraniol with the whole proteome of A. aegypti. Twenty protein target categories were shortlisted for the mosquito, wherein the proteins were downloaded with respect to the re…

A comparative analysis of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti subjected to diapause-inducing conditions reveals conserved and divergent aspects associated with diapause, as well as novel genes associated with its onset.

Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are mosquito species that are distributed worldwide and transmit diverse arboviruses of medical importance, such as those causing yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika. A. albopictus embryos may remain viable for long periods in the environment due to their ability to become dormant through quiescence or diapause, a feature that contributes to their dispersion and hinders control actions. Diapause incidence can vary among natural populations of A. albopictus, but metabolic and genetic parameters associated with its induction still need to be better defin…

Provision of Travel Health Advice Through Local Tourist Handlers: Perspectives of Safari Tour Operators in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: The public health burden of travel related diseases (TRDs) remains significant despite the fact that most can be avoided, partic … wledge of the current TRDs in Uganda among the STOs was very low, with a few individuals mentioning yellow fever (9.7%), malaria (9.2%), cholera (9.2%), and HIV/AIDs (8.9%). Knowledge related to the sources of the travel health information was also low, with STOs (19.1%) and travel health clinics (14.9%) being mentioned as the main sources. The STOs had mostly …