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Scorpine, an anti-malaria and anti-bacterial agent purified from scorpion venom.

A novel peptide, scorpine, was isolated from the venom of the scorpion Pandinus imperator, with anti-bacterial activity and a potent inhibitory effect on the ookinete (ED(50) 0.7 microM) and gamete (ED(50) 10 microM) stages of Plasmodium berghei development. It has 75 amino acids, three disulfide bridges with a molecular mass of 8350 Da. Scorpine has a unique amino acid sequence, similar only to some cecropins in its N-terminal segment and to some defensins in its C-terminal region. Its gene was cloned from a cDNA library.

Integrating Space Sexology Into Long-Duration Mission Architecture: A Five-Pillar Operational Framework.

The imminent transition from low Earth orbit operations to sustained deep-space exploration introduces significant demands upon crew health … ndational concern, encompassing radiation- and microgravity-induced impairment of gonadal function, gametogenesis, and embryonic development; however, the evidence base remains predominantly derived from animal models and in vitro studies. Psychosexual crew preparedness was identified as equally critical, necessitating the development of consent training, healt …

In vivo effect of recombinant Fsh and Lh administered to meagre (Argyrosomus regius) at the initial stages of sex differentiation.

Recombinant gonadotropins, follicle stimulating (rFsh) and luteinizing hormone (rLh), offer the potential to induce gametogenesis in prepubertal fish. This study aimed to determine the in vivo effect of the administration of Argyrosomus regius rFsh and rLh on the reproductive development of prepubertal meagre juveniles at the initial stages of sexual differentiation. Juvenile meagre, 9-months old with mean weight of 219 ± 3.9 g (mean ± SEM) were randomly distributed into nine groups (n = 8 per group). Experimental groups were treated weekly with an acute injection of either rFsh or rLh. Contro…

Adolescence and the next generation.

Adolescent growth and social development shape the early development of offspring from preconception through to the post-partum period through distinct processes in males and females. At a time of great change in the forces shaping adolescence, including the timing of parenthood, investments in today's adolescents, the largest cohort in human history, will yield great dividends for future generations.

The effects of bariatric surgery on periconception maternal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age is increasing. Bariatric surgery is currently viewed as the most effective, long-term solution for this problem. Preconception bariatric surgery can reduce the prevalence of obesity-related subfertility and adverse maternal, pregnancy and birth outcomes. Maternal health during the periconception period is crucial for optimal gametogenesis and for embryonic and fetal development which also affects health in the later lives of both mother and offspring. Although preconception bariatric surgery improves several pregnanc…

Transcript profiling and gene regulation of the human pre-implantation embryo: parental effects and impact of ARTs.

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a growing global challenge, with ARTs significantly improving birth rates for infertile couples. However, ART conceptions are associated with a higher risk of negative obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, with potential long-term effects on offspring health. Many pre-implantation embryos exhibit abnormal morphokinetics, implantation failure, or arrested development. ART procedures and parental factors are suspected to perturb the embryonic transcriptome, potentially affecting molecular and epigenetic events during gametogenesis and early development. The timing and me…

Elucidating the multitarget neuroprotective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid in neurological disorders (Review).

BACKGROUND: Mosaicism for chromosomal structural rearrangements (Rea) is rare and the timing and mechanisms of mosaic Rea formation, mainten … balanced Rea suggests male-specific selection against abnormal cells rather than impairment of male gametogenesis, as the latter suggests a better prognosis for male fetuses. These findings should be taken into consideration when genetic counseling of patients referred after a diagnosis of mosaicism for an unbalanced rearrangement in a fetus.

The role of phosphatidylinositol (18:1_18:1) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: an integrated study of Mendelian randomization and network pharmacology.

BACKGROUND: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), marked by prostate enlargement, can greatly reduce quality of life. While studies hint at a connection between lipids and BPH, the roles of different lipid types are not well understood. The exact impact and treatment potential of these lipids in BPH are unclear, necessitating more research. Mendelian randomization (MR) provides a rigorous framework for elucidating causal relationships between modifiable exposures and outcomes, by leveraging the random assortment of genetic variants during gametogenesis. The aim of the current study was to system…

Gene regulation by non-Coding RNAs in infertility: a mechanistic review.

Infertility is a significant global health issue affecting millions of couples, with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerging as pivotal regulators in reproductive biology. This review explores the roles of various ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in male and female infertility. These ncRNAs modulate critical processes such as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, follicular development, and embryo implantation through mechanisms like post-transcriptional regulation, chromatin remode

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… The crucial role that miRNA biogenesis plays in ovarian function and gametogenesis progression has been confirmed by several functional investigations. … Additionally, the roles of extracellular vesicle-mediated microRNAs in female gametogenesis are supported by both experimentally confirmed and hypothesized data. …

Deleterious variants in genes regulating mammalian reproduction in Neanderthals, Denisovans and extant humans.

STUDY QUESTION: Were Neanderthals and Denisovans (referred here also as extinct hominidae) carrying deleterious variants in genes regulating reproduction? SUMMARY ANSWER: The majority of extinct hominidae analyzed here, presented a considerable number of deleterious variants per individual in proteins regulating different aspects of reproduction, including gonad and uterine function, and gametogenesis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Neanderthals, Denisovans and extant humans were interfertile and hybridized while occupying geographically overlapping areas in Europe and Asia. This is evidenced by the…

Current status of cancer immunotherapy.

To prove clinical benefits of cancer vaccine is currently difficult, except for one phase III trial has documented improved overall survival with the vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, although induction of anti-tumor immune responses through cancer vaccine is theoretically promising and would be straightforward. In contrast, immune checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA4 mAb and anti-PD-1 mAb has demonstrated clear evidence of objective responses including improved overall survival and tumor shrinkage, driving renewed enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapy in multiple cancer types. In addition, there is a promi

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… Simpson AJ, Caballero OL, Jungbluth A, Chen YT, Old LJ.Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005; 5(8):615-25 24. Brichard VG, Lejeune D.GSK's antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy programme: pilot results leading to Phase III clinical development. …

Particulate air pollution at the time of oocyte retrieval is independently associated with reduced odds of live birth in subsequent frozen embryo transfers.

STUDY QUESTION: Does exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution prior to oocyte retrieval or subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) … gesting that even 'acceptable' levels of air pollution have detrimental reproductive effects during gametogenesis. At the low pollution levels in our study, exposure to gaseous pollutants did not appear to affect live birth rates. This has important implications for our understanding of the effects of pollution on reproduction, and highlights the urgent need fo …

Human iPSCs derived from cryopreserved testicular somatic cells enable germline regeneration in childhood cancer survivors.

STUDY QUESTION: Can cryopreserved primary testicular somatic cells from childhood cancer survivors with severely decreased fertility potenti … d complications. These hiPSCs and their derived germ cells may be used not only to develop in vitro gametogenesis protocols, but also to investigate mechanisms of cancer therapy toxicity and resistance among different patients, to identify early biomarkers of adverse outcomes, and to screen for germ cell protective agents. Importantly, cancer patient-specific h …

Bortezomib treatment causes long-term testicular dysfunction in young male mice.

BackgroundWith increased long-term survivors of childhood cancer patients, therapy-associated infertility has become one of the most common late side-effects and significantly affects their life-quality. Therefore, evaluation of anti-cancer agents on male reproduction and infertility prevention are urgently demanding. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been launched in clinical trials for childhood cancers, however, its potential side effects on reproduction have so far been neither investigated experimentally nor reported in treated children. Thus the present study is designed to explore

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… 10.1007/BF03343782 Rajapurohitam V Bedard N Wing SS Control of ubiquitination of proteins in rat tissues by ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and isopeptidases Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002 282 E739 E745 11882492 10.1152/ajpendo.00511.2001 Baarends WM Roest HP Grootegoed JA The ubiquitin system in gametogenesis …

Генетическая основа болезни.

Генетика в той или иной степени играет определенную роль во всех заболеваниях. Изменения в нашей ДНК и различия в том, как эта ДНК функционирует (одиночка или комбинация), наряду с окружающей средой (которая включает образ жизни), способствуют болезнетворным процессам. В рамках этого обзора изучается генетическая основа человеческих заболеваний, включая однородные генетические расстройства, хромосомные диспропорции, эпигенетические, раковые и сложные расстройства, и рассматривается вопрос о том, каким образом наше понимание и технологические достижения могут быть использованы для обеспечения н

A New Generation of Vaccines in the Age of Immunotherapy.

Purpose of reviewCancer vaccines are one of the most extensively studied immunotherapy type in solid tumors. Despite favorable presuppositions, so far, the use of cancer vaccines has been associated with disappointing results. However, a new generation of vaccines has been developed, promising to revolutionize the immunotherapy field.Recent findingsIn this review, we aim to highlight the advances in cancer vaccines and the remaining hurdles to overcome. Cancer vaccination has experienced tremendous progress in the last decade, with myriad promising developments. Future efforts should focus on

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… Simpson AJG Caballero OL Jungbluth A Chen Y-T Old LJ Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer Nat Rev Cancer England 2005 5 615 625 10.1038/nrc1669 16034368 8. …

Checking NEKs: Overcoming a Bottleneck in Human Diseases.

In previous years, several kinases, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), have been linked to important human diseases, although some kinase families remain neglected in terms of research, hiding their relevance to therapeutic approaches. Here, a review regarding the NEK family is presented, shedding light on important information related to NEKs and human diseases. NEKs are a large group of homologous kinases with related functions and structures that participate in several cellular processes such as th

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… Cell cycle: NEK1 [ 8 ], NEK2 [ 9 ], NEK3 [ 10 ], NEK6 [ 11 ], NEK7 [ 12 ], and NEK10 [ 13 ]; mitosis: NEK6 [ 14 ], NEK7 [ 15 ], NEK8 [ 7 ], and NEK9 [ 16 ]; meiosis: NEK1 [ 17 ], NEK4 [ 18 ], and NEK11 [ 19 ]; centrosome organization: NEK2 [ 20 ], NEK5 [ 21 ], NEK8 [ 7 ], and NEK9 [ 16 ]; gametogenesis … Finally, it has been suggested that NEK1 is involved in gametogenesis, due to its high expression levels in meiotic tissues [ 17 ] and important roles in spermatogenesis [ 22 ] and spindle assembly in meiosis I [ 17 ]. …

Identifying new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer through the integration of human plasma proteomics: a Mendelian randomization study and colocalization analysis.

BackgroundThe proteome is a crucial reservoir of targets for cancer treatment. While some targeted therapies have been developed, there are still significant challenges in early diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the need to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study to identify novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.MethodsProtein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) data were extracted from two published plasma proteome-wide association studies. Genetic

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… Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method employed to estimate causal effects within specific hypothetical contexts based on the principle that genes are randomly assigned from parents to offspring during gametogenesis and conception. …

RNA N 6-Methyladenosine in Cancer Metastasis: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Cancer metastasis is a symptom of adverse prognosis, a prime origin of therapy failure, and a lethal challenge for cancer patients. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevailing modification in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of higher eukaryotes, has attracted increasing attention. Growing studies have verified the pivotal roles of m6A methylation in controlling mRNAs and ncRNAs in diverse physiological processes. Remarkably, recent findings have showed that aberrant methylation of m6A-related RNAs could influence cancer metastasis. In this review, we illuminate how m6A m

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… As a synergistic protein of METTL3, METTL14 is not only involved in the biological processes mentioned above, but also attend the self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells and gametogenesis in mice ( 50 ). …

The Hedgehog-GLI pathway in embryonic development and cancer: implications for pulmonary oncology therapy.

Transcriptional regulation and epigenetic mechanisms closely control gene expression through diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. These include the development of germ layers and post-natal epithelial cell-tissue differentiation, as well as, involved with the induction, promotion and/or progression of human malignancies. Diverse studies have shed light on the molecular similarities and differences involved in the stages of embryological epithelial development and dedifferentiation processes in malignant tumors of epithelial origin, of which many focus on lung carcinomas. In

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… -007-0537-9 9 Montavon T Duboule D Chromatin organization and global regulation of Hox gene clusters Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 2013 368 20120367 20120367 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0367 10.1098/rstb.2012.0367 PMC3682730 23650639 10 Dean W DNA methylation and demethylation: A pathway to gametogenesis …