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Etiology of chronic hepatitis in France: predominant role of hepatitis C virus.

The aim of this study was to assess the causes of histologically proven chronic hepatitis in a series of 357 consecutively admitted patients. Patients with chronic alcohol intake above 50 g per day, Wilson's disease, idiopathic hemochromatosis or homozygous alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency were excluded. Sera of all patients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus with second-generation enzyme-linked immunoassay and recombinant immunoblot assay, for markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses, and for autoantibodies. Detection of hepatitis C viral RNA by polymerase chain reaction was …

Posttransfusion hepatitis revisited by hepatitis C antibody assays and polymerase chain reaction.

Sera of 40 patients with posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis were tested for hepatitis C and B viral genomes by polymerase chain reaction and for hepatitis C antibodies by synthetic peptide immunoassays. Five were then considered to have chronic hepatitis before transfusion. Six patients without hepatitis C markers and hepatitis B virus DNA recovered. In 29 recipients who became positive for hepatitis C virus RNA, posttransfusion hepatitis C was diagnosed. Of them, 5 were hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Synthetic peptide immunoassays detected 28 whereas anti-C100 assay detected 23 of …

[Evaluation of hepatitis B virus markers for surrogate testing of hepatitis C].

To evaluate the surrogate markers of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (es) carriage state, the relationship between antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and antibody to HBc/HBs and liver enzyme (ALT) was sought in Saitama prefecture. Out of 36,642 blood donor samples, 410 (1.1%) samples were positive for anti-HCV. Anti-HCV was found in 1.79% of donors with anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc, which is 1.7 fold of the frequency found in donors (1.04%) negative for anti-HBc/HBs. In contrast to the reports from Europe or USA, a poor correlation of anti-HCV with the serological history of hepatitis B infection wa…

The serology of hepatitis C virus in relation to post-transfusion hepatitis.

Natural history studies conducted over the past 15 years have shown that parenterally transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis infection frequently results in an indolent chronic disease with serious long-term consequences. The recent identification of nucleic acid sequences comprising the genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has allowed the development of a serological assay based upon recombinant viral proteins specifically associated with the major agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis infection. The HCV antibody assays have now been applied to sera from blood donors worldwide, as well as various populatio…

Этиология спорадического острого вирусного гепатита на Тайване: роль вируса гепатита С, вируса гепатита Е и вируса GB-C/гепатита G в эндемическом районе гепатита А и В.

Этиология спорадического острого гепатита была изучена у 334 пациентов из Тайваня (237 мужчин и 97 женщин в возрасте 16-81 года) с уделением особого внимания роли вируса гепатита С (HCV), вируса гепатита E (HEV) и вируса GB вируса C/гепатита G (GBV-C/HGV) у острого гепатита, не относящегося к категории B (NANB), и у носителей HBsAg с гиперактивным гепатитом. Согласно обычным диагностическим критериям, было зарегистрировано 12 случаев (3,6 процента) острого гепатита А, 17 случаев (5,1 процента) острого гепатита В, 128 случаев (38,3 процента) острого гепатита NANB и 177 случаев (53,0 процента) о

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The etiology of sporadic acute hepatitis was studied in 334 consecutive patients from Taiwan (237 men and 97 women, aged 16-81 years), with emphasis on the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) in acute non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and in HBsAg carriers with superimposed acute hepatitis. Accor…

Hepatitis C treatment outcome among people in prison: The SToP-C study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden is higher among people in prison given high prevalence of injecting drug use. This study evaluated direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment outcome in prisons. METHODS: The Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners with hepatitis C (SToP-C) study enrolled individuals incarcerated in four Australian prisons (2017-2019). Participants with detectable HCV RNA were offered sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for 12 weeks. Sustained virological response (SVR) was assessed in intention-to-treat (ITT; participants commencing treatment and due for SVR assessment bef…

Gaps in Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Hepatitis C Antibody-Positive Individuals Experiencing Homelessness.

Vaccination for both hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) is recommended in hepatitis C infection (HCV). Among HCV antibody-positive persons experiencing homelessness, we identified high rates of HAV (34%) and HBV vaccine (35%) eligibility, highlighting critical gaps in HCV preventative services. Following education, 54% and 72% underwent HAV and HBV vaccination, respectively.

Magnitude of CD8 T-cell responses against hepatitis C virus and severity of hepatitis do not necessarily determine outcomes in acute hepatitis C virus infection.

AIM: We investigated the relationship between the magnitude of comprehensive hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and the clinical course of acute HCV infection. METHODS: Six consecutive patients with acute HCV infection were studied. Analysis of HCV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses was performed using an interferon-gamma-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay using peripheral CD8(+) T-cells, monocytes and 297 20-mer synthetic peptides overlapping by 10 residues and spanning the entire HCV sequence of genotype 1b. RESULTS: Five patients presented detectable HCV-specific CD8…

Displacement of hepatitis B virus by hepatitis C virus as the cause of continuing chronic hepatitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has been shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) superinfection may suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) leading to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance and that hepatitis may persist after HBsAg clearance in a few patients. The role of HCV in continuing hepatitis after termination of chronic HBsAg antigenemia remains to be explored in a series of patients. METHODS: HCV markers were studied using second generation enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription and were compared between 41 patients with persistent alanine aminotransferase (ALT) …

Inhibition of hepatitis C replicon RNA synthesis by beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine: a specific inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication.

beta-D-2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine (PSI-6130) is a cytidine analogue with potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity in the subgenomic HCV replicon assay, 90% effective concentration (EC90)=4.6 +/- 2.0 microM. The spectrum of activity and cytotoxicity profile of PSI-6130 was evaluated against a diverse panel of viruses and cell types, and against two additional HCV-1b replicons. The S282T mutation, which confers resistance to 2'-C-methyl adenosine and other 2'-methylated nucleosides, showed only a 6.5-fold increase in EC90. When assayed for activity against bovine di…

Impact of Hepatitis C screening and treatment among incarcerated populations in Alberta, Canada on population-level Hepatitis C elimination efforts.

BACKGROUND: In Canada, 11 % of people in prison have been exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Systematic screening and universal access to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for people in prison is needed for HCV elimination. This study aims to project the long-term impact of HCV screening and treatment intervention strategies, tailored to incarcerated populations, on the incidence and prevalence of HCV-related health outcomes of both the incarcerated and entire population of Alberta, Canada, up to 2050. METHODS: An agent-based model was developed to characterize the HCV epidemic before and afte…

The hepatitis C cascade of care in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected individuals in Europe: regional and intra-regional differences.

BACKGROUND: Following the introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapy in 2013, WHO launched the first Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis. We describe a hepatitis C virus (HCV) cascade of care in people with HIV (PWH) across Europe in terms of reaching the WHO elimination targets of diagnosing 90% and treating 80% of HCV-infected individuals. METHODS: HIV/HCV-coinfected participants in the EuroSIDA cohort under prospective follow-up at October 1, 2019, were described using a nine-stage cascade of care. Care cascades were constructed across Europe, on a regional (n = 5) and co…

Comparison of Patients Monoinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Coinfected with Hepatitis B/C in the Amazon Region of Brazil.

Hepatitis B and C are the most common causes of liver disease worldwide. The two infections share many similarities such as a global distribution, the same routes of transmission, hepatotropism, and the ability to cause chronic infection. The consequences of HBV/HCV coinfection are still being studied. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the epidemiological and laboratory profile and the degree of hepatic fibrosis between HCV-monoinfected and HBV/HCV-coinfected patients in the Brazilian Amazon region. ELISA tests were used for the investigation of HBV and HCV serological markers,

Association between ezetimibe usage and hepatitis C RNA levels in uninfected kidney transplant recipients who received hepatitis C infected kidneys.

Kidney transplantation (KT) from hepatitis C virus infected (HCV+) donors to HCV negative recipients achieve excellent graft function but have relatively higher rates of post-KT co-infections presumably due to prolonged HCV viremia in transmission-and-treat approach. Ezetimibe acts as an antagonist of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 receptor required for HCV entry and theoretically can reduce HCV viremia. However, no data is available to examine the role of ezetimibe as a bridge therapy between KT surgery and direct acting antiviral (DAA) initiation. A retrospective cohort study including 70 HCV+ to HC…

Metabolic and renal changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection after hepatitis C virus clearance by direct-acting antivirals.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance by direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on HCV-related extrahepatic manifestations is not well known. We evaluated the effect of viral clearance on metabolic and renal parameters. METHODS: In this prospective study, HCV patients who achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) by DAAs were evaluated before, at the end, and 24 weeks after treatment for glycemic (serum glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and HOMA-S) and lipid (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein) metabol…

Transplantation of Kidneys From Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Donors to Hepatitis C Virus-Negative Recipients: One-Year Kidney Allograft Outcomes.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Transplant centers in the United States are increasingly willing to transplant kidneys from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected (HCV+) donors into HCV- recipients. We studied the association between donor HCV infection status and kidney allograft function and posttransplantation allograft biopsy findings. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: We examined 65 HCV- recipients who received a kidney from a HCV+ donor and 59 HCV- recipients who received a kidney from a HCV- donor during 2018 at a single transplant center. EXPOSURE: Predictor(s) of d…

Future complications of chronic hepatitis C in a low-risk area: projections from the hepatitis c study in Northern Norway.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C (HCV) infection causes an asymptomatic chronic hepatitis in most affected individuals, which often remains undetected until cirrhosis and cirrhosis-related complications occur. Screening of high-risk subjects in Northern Norway has revealed a relatively low prevalence in the general population (0.24%). Despite this, late complications of HCV infection are increasing. Our object was to estimate the future prevalence and complications of chronic HCV infection in the period 2013-2050 in a low-risk area. METHODS: We have entered available data into a prognostic Markov mode…

Hepatitis C virus core protein triggers expansion and activation of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis C patients.

CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increased in patients with chronic hepatitis C, which may contribute to the sustained suppression of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T-cell responses and viral persistence in HCV-infected individuals. We postulated that HCV core protein (HCVc) directly contributes to the expansion of Tregs in HCV-infected patients, and we provide evidence to support this hypothesis in the report. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera were collected from 87 treatment-naïve chronic HCV-infected patients, CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs were measured by flow…