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Improved chicken embryo cell culture plaque assay for scrub typhus rickettsiae.

The plaque technique for three strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in chicken embryo cell cultures was greatly improved by modifying the trypsinizing procedure and employing homologous chicken serum in the overlay medium.

A tale of dual battle against leptospira and scrub typhus coinfection at a peripheral hospital in Kashmir.

Scrub typhus results from infection by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a bacterium transmitted to humans via larval mite (chigger) bites. On the other hand, Leptospira interrogans causes leptospirosis, a zoonotic bacterial infection typically contracted through exposure to contaminated water or soil. Scrub typhus and leptospirosis are important zoonotic infections increasingly recognized as public health concerns in tropical regions like India. Transmitted by mites and contact with contaminated water or soil respectively, they often cause nonspecific febrile illness, leading to frequent misdiagnosis a…

The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review.

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile vector-borne infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) and transmitted through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae. Transmission involves complex ecological interactions among vectors, hosts, and environmental factors. Accumulating evidence indicates complex interactions between the scrub typhus incidence and multilevel environmental determinants, encompassing meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine duration, and atmospheric pressure), geographical conditions (e.g., topography, e…

Nonthyroidal illness syndrome and diagnostic utility of CSF mNGS: insights from a case series of neurological scrub typhus.

We describe five cases of neurological scrub typhus that highlight two critical, underrecognized aspects of this disease. First, cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing (CSF mNGS) accurately identified Orientia tsutsugamushi in all three patients tested, while the conventional Weil-Felix test was negative in every case, establishing mNGS as a pivotal diagnostic tool. Second, we uncovered a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, with nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) present in three of four patients tested, a novel systemic complication linked to severe inflammatory stre…

Detection of human parvovirus 4 DNA in the patients with acute encephalitis syndrome during seasonal outbreaks of the disease in Gorakhpur, India.

Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) at Gorakhpur, India have been recognized since 2006. So far, the causative agent has … needs further evaluation. ELISAs for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi, OT) showed ∼70% IgM/IgG positivity suggestive of etiologic association. Prospective, comprehensive studies are needed to confirm association of these agents, singly or in combination with AES in Gorakhpur region.

Scrub typhus triggering seizure in a patient with a preexisting seizure disorder: A case report.

Scrub typhus is a bacterial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chigger bites. It presents as an acute febrile illness and can lead to serious complications, including liver and kidney dysfunction. Although neurological involvement is rare, cases have been reported. We describe the case of a 59-year-old male from a scrub typhus endemic region with a history of seizure disorder who had experienced a fever for the last two days, multiple headaches, and seizures. Laboratory tests confirmed scrub typhus, low platelet levels, and elevated liver enzymes. The patient respond…

Various Presentations of Scrub Typhus: A Case Series.

Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Gram-negative coccobacillus. It comprises three strains: Karp, Gilliam, and Kato. Cases of scrub typhus are usually found in the Asia-Pacific region, and their presentation may range from minimal symptoms to multi-organ involvement, with or without the presence of an eschar mark. Varying manifestations of scrub typhus, such as gangrene, meningoencephalitis, anemia with jaundice, and hematuria, have been observed. In the Kumaun region of northern India, there has been a surge in the number of scrub typhus cases. Typically, this disease is acco…

Текущие инструменты для диагностики и обнаружения группы Рикиттсиа.

Рикетсиа (SFG) вызывает у людей по всему миру ряд заболеваний, которые могут варьироваться от легкого до смертельного. Поскольку клинические представления рикетсиосов, вызываемые рикетсией СФГ, являются переменными и могут быть аналогичны болезням, вызываемым другими рикеттсиаами, такими, как Orictia tsutsugamushi (агент для скруба тифа), Coxiella riptetii (агент для лихорадки Q) и тиф-группой рикетсиа (агенты для эпидемического и муслинового тайфуса), точный диагноз инфекций, вызываемых СФГ Рикиттсия, по-прежнему сопряжен с трудностями, особенно в условиях нехватки ресурсов в развивающихся ст

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae causes a number of diseases in humans worldwide, which can range from mild to highly lethal. Since the clinical presentations of rickettsioses caused by SFG rickettsiae are variable and may be similar to the diseases caused by other rickettsiae, such as Orientia tsutsugamushi (agent for scrub typhus), Coxiella burnetii (…

Epidemiology and Diversity of Rickettsiales Bacteria in Humans and Animals in Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces, China.

Diseases caused by Rickettsiales bacteria are a global public health problem. To better understand the diversity and origins of Rickettsiales infection in humans and animals, we sampled 134 febrile patients, 173 rodents and 43 shrews, as well as 358 ticks, from two cities in Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces, China. Our data revealed a relatively high prevalence of scrub typhus cases in both localities. In addition, both serological tests and genetic analysis identified three patients infected with Anaplasma bovis, Rickettsia monacensis, and Orientia tsutsugamushi bacteria. Molecular epidemiologic…

Attenuation of HIV-1 infection by other microbial agents.

Although potentiation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been known to occur in coinfection with a variety of pathogens and types of vaccination, there are emerging data on specific infectious agents that may attenuate HIV-1 infection. New literature suggests that certain pathogens are capable of inhibiting HIV-1 replication. These include GB virus C, measles virus, Orientia tsutsugamushi, and human T lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2. In addition, there are conflicting data on the effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the replication of HIV-1, with some sugge…

Spotted fever Rickettsia and relapsing fever Borrelia in rodents from southern India.

UNLABELLED: Bacterial zoonoses constitute a significant proportion of emerging infectious diseases. Yet, the diversity and transmission cycles of many zoonotic bacteria remain poorly characterized, particularly in tropical, biodiverse regions where host and vector diversity are high, and the burden of zoonotic disease in human populations is substantial. In this study, we investigated the presence of five pathogenic bacterial genera-Rickettsia, Borrelia, Orientia, Leptospira, and Coxiella-in rodents from southern India. We detected low circulation of Rickettsia (7.26%), Borrelia (6.45%), and L…

[Clinical manifestations and epidemic factors of autumn-winter type scrub typhus in children from northern new endemic area].

OBJECTIVE: Scrub typhus is an infectious disease due to Orientia tsutsugamushi transmitted by infected chigger mites. Scrub typhus has long been recognized to occur in southern areas of China, but has recently been increasingly often reported from the north since the first case was reported in Mengyin County, Shandong Province in 1986. The key objectives of the present study were to investigate the clinical manifestations and epidemic factors of scrub typhus in children from the northern new natural foci. METHODS: The case records of 56 children with scrub typhus who were admitted to the 5 ho…

Acute Cerebellitis: A Rare Complication of Scrub Typhus.

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi , is an emerging zoonotic infection that typically presents as an acute febrile illness. While neurological manifestations are increasingly recognized, cerebellar involvement remains exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 42-year-old man from Uttar Pradesh who presented with high-grade fever, followed by slurred speech and gait ataxia. Clinical examination revealed cerebellar signs, including dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia. Laboratory testing confirmed scrub typhus via a positive immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other i…

Chigger Mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) of Chiloé Island, Chile, With Descriptions of Two New Species and New Data on the Genus Herpetacarus.

Three species of chigger mites are recorded in our collections from four species of cricetid rodents on Chiloé Island (southern Chile, Los Lagos Region), an area endemic to scrub typhus (Orientia sp.). Two species are described as new-Herpetacarus (Abonnencia) eloisae sp. nov. and Quadraseta chiloensis sp. nov. One species, Paratrombicula goffiStekolnikov and González-Acuña 2012, is for the first time recorded on a mammal host (one species of cricetid rodent), and its distribution is extended to the Los Lagos Region of Chile. The genus ProschoengastiaVercammen-Grandjean, 1967 is synonymized wi…