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Involvement of Resveratrol against Brain Cancer: A Combination Strategy with a Pharmaceutical Approach.

A brain tumor (BT) is a condition in which there is growth or uncontrolled development of the brain cells, which usually goes unrecognized or is diagnosed at the later stages. Since the mechanism behind BT is not clear, and the various physiological conditions are difficult to diagnose, the success rate of BT is not very high. This is the central issue faced during drug development and clinical trials with almost all types of neurodegenerative disorders. In the first part of this review, we focus on the concept of brain tumors, their barriers, and the types of delivery possible to target the b

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… Drugs that can bypass the BBB are commonly used as BT drugs, such as canmustine, temozolomide, and combinations of vincristine, lomustine, and procarbazine [ 20 ]. If the growth of the cancer cells is not retarded, then other treatment options are taken into consideration. …

Polypharmacy and medication use in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without kidney replacement therapy compared to matched controls.

BackgroundThis study aims to examine polypharmacy (PP) prevalence in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage G4/G5 and patients with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) compared with matched controls from the general population. Furthermore, we examine risk factors for PP and describe the most commonly dispensed medications.MethodsDutch health claims data were used to identify three patient groups: CKD Stage G4/G5, dialysis and kidney transplant patients. Each patient was matched to two controls based on age, sex and socio-economic status (SES) score. We differentiated between 'all medic

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… Teniposide L01CD01 | Paclitaxel L01CD02 | Docetaxel L01CD04 | Cabazitaxel L01CX01 | Trabectedine L01DB01 | Doxorubicine L01DB03 | Epirubicine L01DB06 | Idarubicine L01DB07 | Mitoxantron L01DB11 | Pixantron L01DC01 | Bleomycine L01DC03 | Mitomycine L01XA01 | Cisplatine L01XA03 | Oxaliplatine L01XB01 | Procarbazine …

Recent Updates of PET in Lymphoma: FDG and Beyond.

Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide, categorized into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has become an essential imaging tool for evaluating patients with lymphoma in terms of initial diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment response assessment. Recent advancements in imaging technology and methodologies, along with the development of artificial intelligence, have revolutionized the evaluation of complex imaging data, enhancing the diagnostic and predictive power of PET in lymphoma. However, FDG is not c

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… For patients with positive iPET, the 5-year PFS improved from 77.4% with standard ABVD plus involved-node radiotherapy (INRT) to 90.6% with intensification to escalated doses of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (eBEACOPP) plus INRT ( p = 0.002 …

Allergy in Cancer Care: Antineoplastic Therapy-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions.

As the backbone of oncological treatments, systemic chemotherapy is still one of the main pawns in cancer care, alone or in combination with newer targeted agents. All chemotherapy agents can be associated with a type of adverse event called an infusion reaction, which can be characterized as unpredictable, non-dose related, and unexplained by the cytotoxic profile of the drug. For some of these events, a certain immunological mechanism can be identified by blood or skin testing. In this case, we can speak of true hypersensitivity reactions that occur as a response to an antigen/allergen. The

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… ST-positive reactions associated with HSR have been reported in other chemotherapeutic drug classes such as cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, gemcitabine, methotrexate, and L-asparaginase, but further studies are needed to establish their diagnostic and predictive values [ 6 ]. …

History of hematopoietic cell transplantation: challenges and progress.

After more than 60 years of research in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), this therapy has advanced from one that was declared dead in the 1960s to a standard treatment of otherwise fatal malignant and non-malignant blood diseases. To date, close to 1.5 million hematopoietic cell transplants have been performed in more than 1,500 transplantation centers worldwide. This review will highlight the enormous efforts by numerous investigators throughout the world who have brought the experimental field of HCT to clinical reality, examine ongoing challenges, and provide insights fo

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… Effect of prior blood transfusions on marrow grafts: abrogation of sensitization by procarbazine and antithymocyte serum. J Immunol. 1974;112(4):1508-1516. 28. Tsoi MS, Storb R, Dobbs S, Thomas ED. Specific suppressor cells in graft-host tolerance of HLA-identical marrow transplantation. …

ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016.

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMO-appointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to p

Osteoporosis in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Physiopathology, Prevention, Therapy and Future Perspectives.

The improvement of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, together with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, increased childhood cancer survival rate in the last decades, reaching 80% in Europe. Nevertheless, anti-cancer treatments are mainly responsible for the onset of long-term side effects in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), including alterations of the endocrine system function and activity. In particular, the most frequent dysfunction in CCS is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) with increased skeletal fragility. BMD loss is al

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… Moreover, the administration of prednisone, vincristine, procarbazine, and mechlorethamine induces a reduction in height together with an increase in body mass index (BMI) in men, while in women it determines a reduction in BMD [ 123 ]. …

Managing hematological cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ESMO-EHA Interdisciplinary Expert Consensus.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for the clinical management of patients with hematological malignancies (HMs), raising questions about the optimal care of this patient group.MethodsThis consensus manuscript aims at discussing clinical evidence and providing expert advice on statements related to the management of HMs in the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, an international consortium was established including a steering committee, which prepared six working packages addressing significant clinical questions from the COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, and mitigat

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… ABVD (Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) instead of escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) for patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL)] may be an option when semen or oocyte/ovarian tissue cryopreservation is not feasible …

Targeting Non-coding RNA for Glioblastoma Therapy: The Challenge of Overcomes the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of all primary brain tumors, and it is responsible for around 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy for GBM treatment includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. With this treatment, the median survival rate of GBM patients is only 15 months after its initial diagnosis. Therefore, novel and better treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have critical roles as regulators of gene expression. Long non-coding

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… Several therapeutic modalities for GBM in clinical trials include monoclonal antibodies targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (alone or conjugated with other drugs), chemotherapeutic agents (procarbazines, hydroxyureas, irinotecan, erlotinib, cyclophosphamide, and mTOR inhibitor), tumor treating …

The Potential of Chronotherapy and Nanotherapy-Based Strategies for Glioblastoma Treatment.

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumour in adults, and despite ongoing efforts, effective treatment remains limited. Standard therapies often face challenges because of the tumour's specific biology, its aggressive nature, and the presence of certain physiological barriers in the brain that impede chemotherapeutics from reaching their target. Emerging research in circadian biology highlights the role of the internal circadian clock in tumour progression and treatment response. Evidence suggests that aligning therapy to patients' chronotypes could potentially improve treatme

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… Other agents used include nitrosourea, gefitinib, aflibercept, irinotecan, procarbazine, and vincristine (PCV) [ 10 , 21 ]. However, these drugs exhibit low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetics, and cause brain tissue damage [ 11 ]. 4. …

Hiv and Lymphoma: from Epidemiology to Clinical Management.

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for developing both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Even if this risk has decreased for NHL after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), they remain the most common acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related cancer in the developed world. They are almost always of B-cell origin, and some specific lymphoma types are more common than others. Some of these lymphoma types can occur in both HIV-uninfected and infected patients, while others preferentially develop

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… in the cART era. cART: combination antiretroviral therapy, ABVD: doxorubicin, bleomicine, vinblastine, and dacarbazine, Stanford V: doxorubicin, vinblastine, mecloretamine, etoposide, vincristine, bleomycin, and prednisone, BEACOPP: bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine …

Revisiting strategies to target ABC transporter-mediated drug resistance in CNS cancer.

A significant number of anticancer drugs fail to treat primary and metastatic brain tumors primarily because of the complex blood-brain barrier (BBB) and overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which decrease drug penetration into the central nervous system and ultimately into tumors. It is noteworthy that the ABC transporters, ABCB1 [known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp)] and ABCG2 [known as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)], are overexpressed in brain tumors, including common gliomas. The co-presence of these transporters may negate the inhibition of either transporter, pa

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… substrates) transported by ABC transporters Transporter gene name | Transporter protein name | Substrate class | Anti-cancer agents (substrates) ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1) 16 – 20 | P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp) | Neutral and cationic hydrophobic | Alkylating agents: temozolomide (TMZ), procarbazine …

The Continuum of Thyroid Disorders Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Still Many Pending Queries.

BackgroundUntil more data are available to shed light on the thyroid disorders related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) implemented for the treatment of hematological malignancies, the decision-making is guided by pertinent data derived mostly from solid tumors.MethodsThe present review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the thyroid disorders related to ICPi, namely to inhibitors of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death (PD) 1 (PD-1), and the ligand of the latter (PD-L1).ResultsWith the increasing recognition of ir thyroid disorders, many outstand

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… Studies comparing the standard chemotherapeutic combination regimen consisting of Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine (ABVD) with the previously used MOPP regimen (nitrogen mustard (Mechlorethamine), vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) [ 137 ] in terms of the thyroid toxicity are …

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium.

The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the

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… This first combination was named MOPP, from the initials of the four antitumor agents used: Mustargen (mechlorethamine), Oncovin (also known as Vincristine); Procarbazine and Prednisone (Moxley et al., 1967 ). …

New Directions in the Therapy of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is the most common histologic type of all gliomas and contributes to 57.3% of all cases. Despite the standard management based on surgical resection and radiotherapy, it is related to poor outcome, with a 5-year relative survival rate below 6.9%. In order to improve the overall outcome for patients, the new therapeutic strategies are needed. Herein, we describe the current state of knowledge on novel targeted therapies in glioblastoma. Based on recent studies, we compared treatment efficacy measured by overall survival and progression-free survival in patients treated with selecte

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… Compared with the other chemotherapeutic such as lomustine, procarbazine, or vincristine, it is characterized by better safety profile, longer progression-free survival (PFS) period, and improved OS [ 24 , 25 ]. …

Emerging insights into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and its implications for glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma is considered the most common and lethal form of brain cancer. Despite tremendous progress in glioblastoma therapeutics, the profound intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma tumors, the difficulty of agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the development of drug resistance as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) predominantly account for the failure of existing conventional and targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a growing necessity to decipher the complexity of the TME that promotes immunosuppression and to discover innovative stra

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… Lomustine is given as monotherapy or in combination with procarbazine and vincristine (PCV regime), and it is considered safe with well-controlled side effects ( 37 , 38 ). …

Hematology

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Hematology

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Hematopoietic Tumors

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… commonly used in dogs include single agent or combination use of actinomycin D, mitoxantrone, doxorubicin (if doxorubicin was not part of the original induction protocol), a doxorubicin/dacarbazine combination, lomustine (CCNU), L-asparaginase, and the combination mechlorethamine, Vincristine (oncovin) procarbazine … Response (Days) | References Actinomycin-D | 12 | 83 | 42 | 42 | 63 | 209 Actinomycin-D | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 210 Mitoxantrone | 44 | 41 | 30 | Not reported (NR) | 127 | 211 Doxorubicin | 12 | 42 | 33 | 145 | 152 | 225 Doxorubicin-dacarbazine | 15 | 53 | 33 | <42 | NR | 226 Mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine …

Advances in the delivery of anticancer drugs by nanoparticles and chitosan-based nanoparticles.

Cancer is the leading cause of death globally, and conventional treatments have limited efficacy with severe side effects. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to reduce the side effects of drugs by creating efficient and controlled anticancer drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug carriers offer several advantages, including enhanced drug protection, biodistribution, selectivity and, pharmacokinetics. Therefore, this review is devoted to various organic (lipid, polymeric) as well as inorganic nanoparticles based on different building units and providing a wide range of

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… agents are classified broadly into six classes; nitrogen yperites (mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan and chlorambucil), ethyleneamine and methyleneamine derivatives (altretamine, thiotepa), alkylsulfonates (busulfan), nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine), triazenes (dacarbazine, procarbazine …