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Eriochrome Cyanine R revisited: a standardized myelin stain protocol for thick sections of the central & peripheral nervous system across species, pathologies and disease models.

Myelin enables rapid action potential conduction and axonal support, and its disruption underlies diverse neurological disorders. Its assessment is essential for studying development, plasticity, and repair of the nervous system (NS), and for diagnosing demyelinating diseases and evaluating remyelination therapies. Multiple histological methods detect myelin, each with trade-offs in sensitivity, cost, and reproducibility. Among them, Eriochrome Cyanine R (EC-R) is a simple, affordable myelin stain widely used in thin sections, but remains poorly standardized, and underexplored in thick vibrato…

The effect of PU/MWCNT nanofiber scaffolds containing hesperidin nanoparticles and mesenchymal stem cells on the microglia and astrocyte phenotype in the spinal cord injury model.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurodegenerative disease involving inflammation, microgliosis, and astrocytosis. This study examined how poly … ntaining a scaffold, AMSCs, and NPs. Nissl and LFB images revealed increased numbers of neurons and remyelination areas in this group, accompanied by downregulation of the IL-1β and TNF-α genes. The M1 and A1 phenotypes significantly decreased in this group. Ultimately, PU/MWCNT nanofiber scaffolds containing hesperidin nanoparticles and AMSCs reduced M1 microg …

Curcumin Promotes the Recovery of Motor Function After Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury in Rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) often results in the loss of upper limb motor function. Curcumin (CUR) has been … nflammation in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, improve the motor neuronal survival and axonal remyelination in musculocutaneous nerves, alleviate muscle atrophy. CONCLUSION: CUR promotes the recovery of motor function in rats after BPRA by inhibiting inflammation, reducing motor neuron death, promoting axonal remyelination, and reducing muscle atrophy, t …

Синергический эффект мелатонина и кёркумина в деле улучшения экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита: осмысление противовоспалительных, антиоксидантных и нейрозащитных механизмов.

В множестве склероза (MS) и его экспериментальной модели экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит (EAE), воспаление клеток и окислительный стресс играют ключевую роль в патогенезе болезней. Мелатонин и кёркумин являются естественными соединениями, признанными в силу их нейрозащитных свойств. В ходе этого исследования был изучен их совокупный терапевтический потенциал в модели EAE. МЕТОДЫ: Тридцать женских мышей C57BL/6 были иммунизированы с помощью пептида MOG35-55, чтобы вызвать болезнь. Начиная с 10 дней после иммунизации мыши получали автомобиль, мелатонин, куркумин или комбинированное

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its experimental model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), cellular inflammation an … herapy, however, produced superior outcomes. It significantly attenuated demyelination and promoted remyelination more effectively than single-agent treatments. This combination also resulted in the greatest reduction in blood-brain barrier permeability and the most substantial decrease in activated astrocytes and microglia. At the molecular level, the combined …

Edaravone protects against cuprizone-induced demyelination in rats by modulating TNF-α/NF-ĸB/NLRP3 signaling and the kynurenine pathway.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving various pathways that affect disease progression and treatment. The kynure … OLIG2+ cells co-expressing myelin basic protein (MBP), indicating enhanced OPC differentiation and remyelination. EDV also reduced the inflammatory mediators TNF-α and NF-ĸB, and diminished the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibiting the release of IL-1β. Furthermore, EDV decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) mRNA expression and activity, as well …

Cuprizone-mediated demyelination reversibly degrades voiding behavior in mice while sparing brainstem reflex.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressively debilitating demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Nearly 80% of MS … Subsequently, recovery from cuprizone treatment restored normal bladder function. Demyelination and remyelination were confirmed by Luxol Fast Blue staining of the corpus callosum. Additionally, we also determined that an 8-week cuprizone treatment, resulting in chronic demyelination lacking spontaneous remyelination potential, is associated with an exacerbated …

Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, amends experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced multiple sclerosis in mice: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease that causes demyelination and axonal degeneration of the central nervous system. Current treatments are partially effective in managing MS relapses and have a negligible impact on treating MS cognitive deficits and cannot enhance neuronal remyelination, imposing a need for a new MS remedy. Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, has recently displayed a neuroprotective effect on several neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that it may have a protective effect in MS. Therefore, this study was conducted to investiga…

Neuroprotective role of galantamine with/without physical exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.

AIMS: The fact that physical activity besides central cholinergic enhancement contributes in improving neuronal function and spastic plastic … ted CSF levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and enhanced remyelination of cerebral neurons. Noteworthy, exercise boosted the drug effect on Bcl-2 and Bax. SIGNIFICANCE: The neuroprotective effect of galantamine against EAE was associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potentials, along with increasing BDNF …

The brain penetrant PPARγ agonist leriglitazone restores multiple altered pathways in models of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a potentially fatal neurometabolic disorder with no effective pharmacological treatment, is character … n debris clearance in vitro and increased myelination and oligodendrocyte survival in demyelination-remyelination in vivo models, thus promoting remyelination. Last, leriglitazone was clinically tested in a phase 1 study showing central nervous system target engagement (adiponectin increase) and changes on inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal flu …

Engineering biomaterial microenvironments to promote myelination in the central nervous system.

Promoting remyelination and/or minimizing demyelination are key therapeutic strategies under investigation for diseases and injuries like multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury, stroke, and virus-induced encephalopathy. Myelination is essential for efficacious neuronal signaling. This myelination process is originated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Resident OPCs are capable of both proliferation and differentiation, and also migration to demyelinated injury sites. OPCs can then engage with these unmyelinated or demyelinated axons and differ…

Immunological demyelination enhances nerve regeneration after acute transection injury in the adult rat sciatic nerve.

INTRODUCTION: Our recent experiments demonstrate that demyelination enhances peripheral nerve regeneration after contusion injury in the adu … t proteins plus antibodies to galactocerebroside resulted in demyelination followed by Schwann cell remyelination. At 1 month, remyelination was clearly shown throughout the injured sciatic nerve segment. At 2 months, there was a statistically significant increase in peripheral nerve regeneration following demyelination therapy as evidenced by total axon count, …

Pre-oligodendrocytes from adult human CNS.

CNS remyelination and functional recovery often occur after experimental demyelination in adult rodents. This has been attributed to the ability of mature oligodendrocytes and/or their precursor cells to divide and regenerate in response to signals in demyelinating lesions. To determine whether oligodendrocyte precursor cells exist in the adult human CNS, we have cultured white matter from patients undergoing partial temporal lobe resection for intractable epilepsy. These cultures contained a population of process-bearing cells that expressed antigens recognized by the O4 monoclonal antibody, …

[Neurophysiology in Guillain-Barré syndrome].

The electrodiagnostic features for the demyelinating and axonal subtypes of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) were described. In the early stage of demyelinating GBS, the most prominent neurophysiologic feature is the patchy demyelination in the peripheral nerves. Conduction slowing presents in the clinical recovery stage, which indicates the conduction slowing is due to mainly remyelination. Axonal GBS shows "reversible conduction failure", as well as primary axonal degeneration. "Reversible conduction failure" is thought to be the most common cause of the underestimation of axonal GBS. The elect…

Characteristics of peripheral nerve regeneration following a second nerve injury and repair.

During the process of peripheral nerve regeneration, a single neuron can regenerate and maintain more than one collateral in a regenerative distal stump. Furthermore, some of the new shoots can mature gradually through remyelination and grow into the remote target organ to play a physiological function. Our study found that when neonatal nerve fibers are subjected to a second injury, the regenerative distal stump can regenerate and maintain more than one collateral in the second regenerative distal stump. The neonatal nerve contributed to the functional recovery of the nerve, but the restorati…

[Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block--a clinico-neuropathologic case report].

Descriptions on patients with multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB), including histology, nerve fiber teasing and electron microscopy on nerve biopsy, are rare. We report a 64-year old female patient with progredient weakness of the upper extremities without sensory deficit. Electrophysiology shows conduction blocks up to 80% in several examined motor nerves. A biopsy of the sensory sural nerve reveals features of a mixed axonal and de- and remyelinating neuropathy. Thus sural nerve biopsy contributes here significantly to differential diagnosis and supports an immune media

Phosphatase and tensin homolog: A potential target for therapeutic intervention in optic nerve regeneration.

Recent studies have found that the suppression of phosphatase and tensin homolog is one of the most effective single-gene approaches for pro … h five phases: stress response, growth navigation, nerve regeneration, synaptic reconstruction, and remyelination. During the stress response phase, the suppression of phosphatase and tensin homolog enhances the survival of retinal ganglion cells and promotes the proliferation of microglia. In the nerve regeneration phase, reduced levels of phosphatase and tens …

Progressive Degeneration and Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Myelination, degeneration and regeneration are implicated in crucial responses to injury in the peripheral nervous system. Consi … feration and the inflammatory micro-environment were inhibited, which impaired the regeneration and remyelination of axons after crush injury in the SOD1-G93A mice. CONCLUSIONS: The mutant human SOD1 protein induced axonal and myelin degeneration during the progression of ALS and participated in axon remyelination and regeneration in response to injury.

Interrelationship of optical coherence tomography and multifocal visual-evoked potentials after optic neuritis.

PURPOSE: Acute optic neuritis (ON) is often followed by recovery of visual function. Although this recovery is mainly attributable to resolution of the acute inflammation, the redistribution of ion channels along the demyelinated membrane, and subsequent remyelination, part of it may be the result of neural plasticity. In the present study, the interrelationship was examined between structural (retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL] thickness) and functional (amplitude of multifocal visual evoked potentials [mfVEPs]) measures of the integrity of the visual pathway in the postacute stage of ON, to de…

Effect of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells on nerve regeneration in the transection model of the rat sciatic nerve.

Bone marrow-derived stem cells enhance the rate of regeneration and clinical improvement in nerve injury, spinal cord injury and brain infarction. Recent experiments in rat spinal cord demyelination showed that remyelination was specific to intravenous delivery of the bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) fraction, although the specific role of this fraction in peripheral nerve regeneration has not been examined. Therefore we evaluated the role of BM-MNCs in peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve transection model. After anesthesia, the right sciatic nerve of 20 adult-m…

Presence of crystalline inclusions in the peripheral nerve of a patient with IgA lambda monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

Association of a peripheral neuropathy with an IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is not commonly observed and is sometimes considered as coincidental. We present a case in which the nerve biopsy revealed the presence of crystalline inclusions in the endoneurium, a very unusual finding. A 75-year-old man complained of paresthesiae in both feet and unsteady gait for 6 months. He had no weakness, but deep tendon reflexes were absent and vibratory sensation distally diminished in both legs. An IgA lambda MGUS was evidenced in his serum at 10.2 g/L with 7% plasma cells i